na Vijay Prashad, Hoʻouna i ka lāhui, Kepakemapa 17, 2021
Ma Iulai a ʻAukake ua hoʻonoho ʻia nā koa Rwandan ma Mozambique, no ka hakakā ʻana i nā mea hoʻoweliweli ISIS. Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o kēia neʻe ʻana ʻo ka maneuvering Farani e pōmaikaʻi ana i kahi pilikua ikaika e makemake ana e hoʻohana i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe, a malia paha, pili kekahi mau lumi hoʻi i ka mōʻaukala.
Ma Iulai 9, ke aupuni o Rwanda mai la ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i nā pūʻali koa he 1,000 i Mozambique e kaua aku i nā koa al-Shabaab, ka poʻe i hopu i ka moku ʻākau o Cabo Delgado. I hoʻokahi mahina ma hope, ma ʻAukake 8, nā pūʻali koa Rwandan hopuʻia ke kulanakauhale awa o Mocímboa da Praia, kahi e kū pono ana ma kahakai kahi ʻāpana kūpona maoli i mālama ʻia e ka hui ikehu Palani TotalEnergies SE a me ka hui ikehu US ExxonMobil. ʻO kēia mau hanana hou i ka wahi i alakaʻi ʻia i ka Pelekikena Pelekikena Hoʻolālā ʻApelika M. Akinwumi Adesina e haʻi ana ma ʻAukake 27 e hoʻomaka hou ʻo TotalEnergies SE i ka Cabo Delgado liquefied natural gas project ma ka hopena o 2022.
Nā Militants mai al-Shabaab (a i ʻole ISIS-Mozambique, ma ke ʻano he US State Department koho aku e kāhea iā ia) ʻaʻole i hakakā me ke kāne hope loa; nalowale lākou ma o ka palena a hiki i Tanzania a i ʻole i ko lākou mau kauhale i ka ʻāina hinterland. I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka koke nā ʻoihana ikehu e hoʻihoʻi hou i kā lākou hoʻopukapuka kālā a loaʻa kālā maikaʻi, mahalo i ka hapa nui i ka pale kaua Rwandan.
No ke aha i komo ai ʻo Rwanda ma Mozambique i Iulai 2021 e pale aku, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻelua mau hui ikehu nui. Aia ka pane i kahi hanana hanana like ʻole i hana ʻia i loko o nā mahina ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka pūʻali koa iā Kigali, ke kapitala nui o Rwanda.
Piliona i paʻa i lalo o ka wai
Ua hana mua nā koa Al-Shabaab i kā lākou helehelena ma Cabo Delgado i ʻOkakopa 2017. No ʻekolu mau makahiki, ua pāʻani ka hui i kahi pāʻani pōpoki me nā koa me ko Mozambique pūʻali koa ma mua lalau ka hoʻomalu o Mocímboa da Praia i ʻAukake 2020. Ma kahi manawa ʻaʻole i hiki i ka pūʻali koa o Mozambique ke hoʻohoka iā al-Shabaab a ʻae iā TotalEnergies SE a me ExxonMobil e hoʻomaka hou i nā hana i ka Rovuma Basin, ma waho o ke kapakai o ka akau ʻo Mozambique, kahi o kahi kinoea maoli kahua ua loaa i ka lāʻo Fepeluali 2010.
Ua loaʻa i ke Kuhina Kalaiaina ʻo Mozambican paʻa kahi pae o nā kahu kālā e like me Pūʻulu aʻoaʻo aʻoaʻo ʻo Dyck (Apelika Hema), ʻOihana Pūnaewele Frontier (Hong Kong), a ʻo ka Wagner Group (Lukia). I ka hopena o ʻAukake 2020, ua kau inoa ʻo TotalEnergies SE a me ke aupuni o Mozambique 'aelike e hana i kahi pūʻali koa palekana e pale aku i nā hoʻopukapuka a ka hui e kūʻē iā al-Shabaab. ʻAʻole i kūleʻa kekahi o kēia mau pūʻali koa. Paʻa nā hoʻopukapuka i lalo o ka wai.
I kēia manawa, hōʻike ʻo Pelekikena Pelekikena ʻo Mozambique ʻo Filipe Nyusi, e like me ka mea i haʻi ʻia mai iaʻu e Maputo, e noi paha ʻo TotalEnergies SE i ke aupuni Palani e hoʻouna i kahi kaʻahua e kōkua ai i ka mālama ʻana i ia wahi. Ua holo kēia kūkā kamaʻilio ʻana i ka makahiki 2021. Ma Ianuali 18, 2021, ua kamaʻilio pū ke Kuhina Palani Palani ʻo Florence Parly a me kāna hoa ma Pokukala, ʻo João Gomes Cravinho, ma ke kelepona, i ka wā hea ia 'ōleloʻia i Maputo-ua kūkākūkā lākou i ka hiki i kahi komo Komohana i Cabo Delgado. I kēlā lā, ua hui ʻo CEO ʻo TotalEnergies SE ʻo Patrick Pouyanné me Pelekikena Nyusi a me kāna mau kuhina pale (Jaime Bessa Neto) a me loko (Amade Miquidade) i e kūkā ka "papa hana no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka palekana o ka wahi." ʻAʻohe mea i hiki mai. ʻAʻole hoihoi ke aupuni Farani i ke komo pono ʻana.
Ua haʻi mai kahi luna nui ma Maputo iaʻu ua manaʻo nui ʻia ma Mozambique ua ʻōlelo aku ka Pelekikena Pelekane ʻo Emmanuel Macron i ka pūʻali koa Rwandan, ma mua o nā pūʻali Farani, e hoʻokau iā Cabo Delgado. ʻOiai, nā pūʻali koa o Rwanda - hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui ʻia, mākaukau maikaʻi ʻia e nā ʻāina Komohana, a hāʻawi ʻia i ka impunity e hana ma waho o nā palena o nā kānāwai kūwaho - ua hōʻoia i kā lākou mākaukau i nā hana i hana ʻia ma South Sudan a me ka Central African Republic.
He aha kā Kagame i loaʻa ai no ka hoʻopili ʻana
Ua noho aliʻi ʻo Paul Kagame iā Rwanda mai ka makahiki 1994, ma ke ʻano he pelekikena pelekikena a me ke kuhina o ka pale ʻana a laila mai ka 2000 ma ke ʻano he pelekikena. Ma lalo o Kagame, ua hoʻokau ʻia nā lula kemokalaka ma waena o ka ʻāina, ʻoiai e hana kolohe ana nā pūʻali koa Rwandan i ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo. ʻO kahi hōʻike ʻo 2010 UN Mapa Project e pili ana i ka hana hewa maoli i nā pono kīvila kanaka ma ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo hōʻike ua pepehi ka pūʻali koa Rwandan i "mau haneli haneli inā ʻaʻole miliona" o nā kipi Kongo a me nā mea mahuka Rwanda ma waena o 1993 a 2003. Ua hōʻole ʻo Kagame i ka hōʻike a ka UN, e'ōlelo ana ua hōʻole kēia kumumanaʻo "genocide" ʻelua i ka luku ʻia o Rwandan o 1994. Ua makemake ʻo ia i ka poʻe Palani e ʻae i ke kuleana no ka luku ʻana o ka makahiki 1994 a ua lana ka manaʻo e hoʻowahāwahā ʻia ke kaiāulu kūwaho i ka luku ʻia ma ka hikina o Kongo.
Ma Malaki 26, 2021, ua hāʻawi ka mōʻaukala ʻo Vincent Duclert i kahi ʻaoʻao 992 hoike ma ko Farani kuleana ma ka genocide Rwandan. Ua akāka ka hōʻike e pono ai ʻo Palani e ʻae - e like me kā Médecins Sans Frontières i ʻōlelo ai - "kuleana nui" no ka luku. Akā ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻike e pili ana ka hoʻokūkū o ka mokuʻāina Farani i ka hana ʻino. Ua huakaʻi ʻo Duclert i Kigali i ka lā 9 o ʻApelila a Ho'opakele ka hōʻike kino iā Kagame, ʻo wai mai la ʻo ka paʻi ʻana o ka hōʻike “he māka nui i ka hoʻomaopopo like ʻana i nā mea i hana ʻia.”
Ma ʻApelila 19, ua hoʻokuʻu ke aupuni Rwandan i hoike ua kauoha ʻia mai ka loio loio ʻo US ʻo Levy Firestone Muse. Wahi a ke poʻo inoa o kēia hōʻike: "He luku ʻia i ʻike mua ʻia: ke kuleana o ke aupuni Palani e pili ana me ka luku kūʻē i nā Tutsi ma Rwanda." ʻAʻole i hōʻole nā Palani i nā huaʻōlelo ikaika i loko o kēia palapala, e kūʻē ana ua lako ʻo Palani i ka génocidaires a laila wikiwiki e pale iā lākou mai ka nānā ākea. ʻO Macron, ka mea i hoʻowahāwahā ʻia eʻae ʻO ka hana hoʻomāinoino a Palani i ke kaua kūʻokoʻa Algerian, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻapaʻa i ka mana o Kagame i ka mōʻaukala. He kumukūʻai kēia āna i makemake e uku.
Ka mea a Farani e makemake ai
Ma ʻApelila 28, 2021, ko Pelekikena Pelekikena ʻo Nyusi ua kipa 'ia ʻO Kagame ma Rwanda. ʻO Nyusi haʻiʻia ʻO nā mea hoʻolaha nūhou a Mozambique ua hele mai ʻo ia e aʻo e pili ana i ka hana a Rwanda ma ka Lepupalika ʻApelika Waena a e ʻike i ko Rwanda makemake e kōkua iā Mozambique ma Cabo Delgado.
Ma Mei 18, Macron Mea hoʻolako kikowaena kahi piko ma Palisa, "e ʻimi nei e hoʻonui i ke kālā ma ʻApelika ma waena o ka maʻi maʻi COVID-19," i hele pū ʻia e kekahi mau poʻo o ke aupuni, e like me Kagame a me Nyusi, ka pelekikena o ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (Moussa Faki Mahamat), ka pelekikena o ka ʻO Bank Bank Development (Akinwumi Adesina), ka pelekikena o ka West Africa Development Bank (Serge Ekué), a me ka luna hoʻomalu o ka International Moneter Fund (Kristalina Georgieva). ʻO Exit mai "financial asphyxiation" ma ka piko o ka papahana, ʻoiai i loko o nā hālāwai pilikino aia nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka hana Rwandan ma Mozambique.
I hoʻokahi pule ma hope, ua haʻalele ʻo Macron no a makaikai. iā Rwanda a me ʻApelika Hema, e hoʻolimalima ana i ʻelua mau lā (Mei 26 a me 27) ma Kigali. Ua hōʻike hou ʻo ia i nā ʻike ākea o ka hōʻike Duclert, lawe mai ma kahi o 100,000 COVID-19 nā lāʻau āpau iā Rwanda (kahi ma kahi o 4 pākēneka wale nō o ka heluna kanaka i loaʻa i ka lāʻau mua ma ka manawa o kāna kipa), a noho manawa ma ke kamaʻilio pilikino ʻana me Kagame. Ma Mei 28, me ka Pelekikena o ʻApelika Hema ʻo Cyril Ramaphosa, Macron ua kamaʻilio e pili ana iā Mozambique, e ʻōlelo ana ua mākaukau ʻo Palani e "komo i nā hana ma ka ʻaoʻao kai," akā e hoʻolōʻihi i ka Community Development Development (SADC) a me nā mana āpana ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i haʻi kikoʻī iā Rwanda.
Ua komo ʻo Rwanda i Mozambique i Iulai, hahai e nā pūʻali SADC, i komo pū me nā pūʻali koa ʻApelika Hema. Ua loaʻa iā Palani ka mea āna i makemake ai: hiki i kāna pilikua ikehu ke hana hou i kāna hoʻopukapuka.
Ua hoʻopukaʻia kēiaʻatikala e ʻO Globetrotter.
ʻO Vijay Prashad he mea kākau moʻolelo India, hoʻoponopono a mea kākau moʻolelo. He hoa kākau ʻo ia a he luna kākau moʻolelo ma Globetrotter. ʻO ia ka luna o Tricontinental: Institute no ka noiʻi ʻimi kaiaulu. He kāne noho makua ʻo ia ma Ke Kula ʻo Chongyang no ka ʻike kālā, Ke Kulanui ʻo Renmin o Kina. Ua kākau ʻo ia ma mua o 20 mau puke, e like me Nā Aupuni ʻEleʻele a Nā Aupuni Poorona. ʻO kāna puke hou loa Poka Wakinekona, me kahi hoʻolauna na Evo Morales Ayma.
