"Maliʻa paha e ʻike ʻia ke kaua ʻo Afghanistan ma ke ʻano he micro-management tendencies o nā haole i nā huakaʻi pōkole me kā lākou mea nui iho" - Rory Stewart
Na Hanna Qadir, Ke Kulanui o Columbia (Fellow Excellence), Iulai 15, 2020
ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana a Wakinekona no ka haʻalele koke ʻana o nā pūʻali koa ʻAmelika hope loa mai Afghanistan ma ʻAukake 31, ua hopena i ka manaʻo ma waena o ka poʻe ʻAmelika, me kahi ninaninau Quinnipiac University e hōʻike ana he hapalua o ko ʻAmelika e ʻae ana i ka hoʻoholo, he 29 pākēneka e hōʻole ana a he 9 pākēneka ka mōhai. ʻaʻohe manaʻo.[1] Ma kahi pae aloha kanaka kēia hoʻoholo (a me kahi hopena balota) e kāhea ana no ka hohonu o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka pūʻali koa USA a me ka loiloi koʻikoʻi ma mua o ʻelua mau makahiki o ka hoʻoulu kaua ʻana o Western i Afghanistan. Me kahi $ 2trn e lilo ai i ke kaua,[2] nalo o nā kaukani o nā pūʻali koa Komohana a me ka make ʻana o nā ʻumi tausani mau Afghans (nā koa a me nā makaʻāinana like), pono e nānā inā pono ke kaua ma Afghanistan, a ʻo Biden hoʻi e ʻae nei ʻaʻohe manawa "misiona" i hoʻokō ʻia i hoʻolauleʻa. He aha ka hopena mau loa o kekahi o nā kaua holo lōʻihi loa i ka mōʻaukala a me ka loiloi inā hiki ke maʻalahi ʻia ka loli kaiaulu ma o kahi hoʻolālā kūkulu maluhia e nānā ana i ka maluhia.mai lalo a luna? ”[3] Hiki paha i nā kamaʻāina ke komo nei i ke kūkā kamaʻilio ʻana me nā hoʻomalu maluhia ke lilo i koho ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o kahi kaua luku a me ke koko i hala he iwakālua mau makahiki?
Ua wehewehe ke aʻo Pelekānia a me ke Kuhina mua no nā kua'āina, Stewart, i ke kaua a Afghanistan a me nā hana hakakā hou aʻe ma ke ʻano he "micro-management tendencies of haole on shorturs with their own priorities," [4] ka paʻa ʻana i ka manaʻo he kūʻē maoli kahi paepae pūʻali koa ʻAmelika, a ʻo ka hopena e hoʻonui ʻia ma mua o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hana ʻino. Lawe i kēia loiloi i kahi ʻanuʻu e ʻae ai i ka hana ʻana i kahi ala ʻē aʻe i ka kūkulu maluhia me nā hoʻolālā e kia ana i ka kuleana kūloko a me ka mahalo no ka mana o ka asymmetry a me ka like ʻole ma waena o nā mea hana honua a me nā kamaʻāina kūloko a me nā ʻoihana kaiāulu pono e loiloi maikaʻi ʻia e ʻae. no kahi kaʻina hoʻololi hoʻololi maikaʻi.
Inā hoʻihoʻi hou kekahi i ka mōʻaukala, maʻalahi ka haʻi ʻana i nā hemahema mau o nā hana pūʻali koa counterproductive me ka hoʻomau ʻole i nā ʻōlelo no nā manaʻo kaua he kūpono ʻole, pono a kūpono hoʻi. I ka hihia o Afghanistan, hiki i kekahi ke ʻōlelo e like me ka hoʻopukapuka kālā a me nā kumuwaiwai i hana ʻino maoli i ka ʻāina, hoʻokaʻawale iā Afghans a hoʻonui i ka hana o ka palaho a me nā ʻōpala. Ke noi nei i kahi aniani mana nui koʻikoʻi e hōʻike i ke kuleana o ka ʻike i ka hoʻonā ʻana i ka hakakā kolohe. Manaʻo nui kēlā kūlana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pono hoʻonā hoʻonā kuʻuna a me kahi ala wāwae māmā i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā hana kūwaho, i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka hoʻoponopono kaulike hoʻohui ʻia. Eia kekahi, pono e pili pono i nā pilina mana i ke kuleana o ka hilinaʻi ʻana ma waena o nā NGO āpau (ʻo ka manawa pinepine me ke kālā hāʻawi) a me nā mea hana kūloko. ka paʻa ʻana i ka ʻike kūloko akā nele i ka waiwai kālā. ʻO ka ʻike hohonu o ka mana a me ka hoʻopili like ʻana ma waena o nā hana maluhia a me nā kamaʻāina kūloko, a me ka kūleʻa o kekahi e hoʻonui ana i nā manawa o ke kūleʻa i kekahi ʻē aʻe, he wahi kuhikuhi pono paha ia. ʻAʻole ka hale kūkulu maluhia ka magic magic a no ia e kūleʻa pono ai i kahi mahalo no nā palena e like me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana hierarchical a patriarchal paha o ka mana; a me ka hoʻohui pū ʻana i ka hopena o ka ikaika o ka politika a me ka politika o Afghanistan i kēlā me kēia manawa e hana ana i nā politika.
ʻO ka manawa kēia e hoʻopiʻi ai i ka nui-lalo paradigm o ka ʻaoʻao ʻekolu o nā mea hana keaka ʻē aʻe ma o ka wehe ʻana i ka hiki ke hoʻololi i ka hakakā a me ke ala hou ʻana e loiloi ana i ka pono no nā hoʻonā hoʻonā hoʻonā home a me nā hui like ʻia e ka ʻāina.[5] I kēia manawa paha ʻo nā kiaʻi puka maoli i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hoʻolālā kōkua i Afghanistan he poʻe loea kumuhana Afghani me ka ʻike o nā hana kūloko, ke komo ʻana o ke alakaʻi kaiāulu a me ka disapora kūloko, ʻaʻole nā pūʻali koa haole. I nā huaʻōlelo a Autesserre, ka mea kākau a me ka mea noiʻi Palani-ʻAmelika: "Ma o ka nānā pono ʻana i nā mea hou, nā aʻa aʻa mauʻu, e hoʻohana pinepine nei i nā hana a ka poʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka honua e hoʻokau ai, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻololi i ke ala a mākou e ʻike ai a kūkulu ai. maluhia. " [6]
[1] Sonmez, F, (2021, Iulai) "Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Geroge W. Bush e hoʻopau hewa ana i ka mikiona pūʻali koa US ma Afghanistan." Ua kiʻi ʻia mai The Washington Post.
[2] ʻO Economist, (2021, Iulai) "Ke kaua nei ʻo ʻAmelika ma Afghanistan e pau nei i ka luku ʻia." Ua kiʻi ʻia mai https://www.economist.com/leaders/2021/07/10/americas-longest-war-is-ending-in-crushing-defeat
[3] Reese, L. (2016) "Maluhia mai ka Lalo i lalo: Nā Kūlana a me nā ʻaʻa o ke kuleana kūloko i ka Dialogue Base Peacebuilding Initiatives" i nā Shifting Paradigms, hoʻoponopono ʻia e Johannes Lukas Gartner, 23-31. Nu Ioka: Kanaka ma ka Hale Paʻi.
[4] Stewart, R. (2011, Iulai). "Ka manawa e hoʻopau ai i ke kaua ma Afghanistan" [Kōnae Video]. Ua kiʻi ʻia mai https://www.ted.com/talks/rory_stewart_time_to_end_the_war_in_afghanistan?language=en
[5] ʻO Reich, H. (2006, Ian 31). "ʻĀpana Kūloko 'i nā Papahana Hoʻololi Kūʻē: Pāʻanā, Komo a me ka Pākaʻikaʻi?" ʻO Berghof Pepa Hōʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole. 27 (Berghof Research Center for Constrive Conflict Management, Sept. 2006), Loaʻa mai http://www.berghoffoundation.org/fileadmin/ redaktion / Nā paʻi / pepa / hana
[6] Autesserre, S. (2018, ʻOkakopa 23). "Aia kekahi ala ʻē aʻe e kūkulu ai i ka maluhia ʻaʻole ia mai kahi kiʻekiʻe-lalo." Ua kiʻi ʻia mai ka Cube Monkey no The Washington Post.
