Na Stephanie E. Effevottu, World BEYOND War, Kepakemapa 21, 2022
Kakau alakaʻi: Stephanie E. Effevottu
Pūʻulu Papahana: Jacob Aniam; Ruhamah Ifere; Stephanie E. Effevottu; Hoomaikai ia Adekanye; Tolulope Oluwafemi; Damaris Akhigbe; Laki Chinwike; Mose Abolade; Joy Godwin; a me Augustine Igweshi
Nā kumu aʻoaʻo papahana: Allwell Akhigbe a me Precious Ajunwa
Nā Luna Hoʻokele: Mr Nathaniel Msen Awuapila a me Dr Wale Adeboye Mea kākoʻo papahana: Mrs Winifred Ereyi
'Ōlelo hōʻeia
Makemake ka hui e hoʻomaikaʻi iā Dr Phil Gittins, Mrs Winifred Ereyi, Mr Nathanial Msen Awuapila, Dr Wale Adeboye, Dr Yves-Renee Jennings, Mr Christian Achaleke, a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i hoʻokō i kēia papahana. Ke haawi aku nei makou i ko makou mahalo i ka World Beyond War (WBW) a me ka Rotary Action Group for Peace no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kahua (Peace Education and Action for Impact) no mākou e kūkulu i kā mākou hiki ke kūkulu i ka maluhia.
No ka ʻike hou aku a me nā nīnau, e kelepona i ka mea kākau alakaʻi, ʻo Stephanie E. Effevottu ma: stephanieeffevottu@yahoo.com
hooko Summary
ʻOiai ʻaʻole he mea hou ka ʻaihue kula ma Nigeria, mai ka makahiki 2020, ua ʻike ka mokuʻāina ʻo Nigeria i ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka ʻaihue ʻana i nā keiki kula ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka ʻāina. Ua alakaʻi ʻia ka mālama ʻole ʻana o ke kahu i ka pani ʻana o nā kula 600 ma Nigeria ma muli o ka makaʻu i ka hoʻouka ʻana e nā poʻe pōā a me nā kidnappers. ʻO kā mākou Hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā ʻōpio, nā mea hana kaiāulu a me nā pūʻali koa palekana no ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka papahana Kidnapping kula no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nalu kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻaihue ʻana i nā haumāna i kēia mau manawa. Ke ʻimi nei kā mākou papahana e hoʻonui i ka pilina ma waena o nā mākaʻi a me nā ʻōpio e hoʻēmi i nā hanana o ka ʻaihue kula.
Hōʻike kēia pōkole kulekele i nā ʻike o kahi noiʻi pūnaewele i mālama ʻia e ka World Beyond War (WBW) ʻO ka hui ʻo Nigeria e ʻike i ka ʻike o ka lehulehu e pili ana i ka ʻaihue kula ma Nigeria. ʻO nā mea i loaʻa mai ka noiʻi e hōʻike ana i nā mea e like me ka wīwī ʻana, ka piʻi ʻana o ka hana ʻole, nā wahi i mālama ʻole ʻia, ka hoʻomana hoʻomana, ka ʻohi kālā ʻana i nā hana hoʻoweliweli ke kumu nui o ka ʻaihue kula ma ka ʻāina. ʻO kekahi mau hopena o ka ʻaihue kula i ʻike ʻia e ka poʻe pane, ʻo ia ka mea e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o nā pūʻali koa i waho o nā keiki kula, maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻonaʻauao, nalowale o ka hoihoi i ka hoʻonaʻauao, haʻalele ʻana i waena o nā haumāna, a me ka trauma noʻonoʻo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
No ka pale ʻana i ka lawe pio ʻana i ke kula ma Nigeria, ua ʻae ka poʻe pane ʻaʻole ʻo ia ka hana a ke kanaka hoʻokahi a i ʻole kahi ʻāpana akā pono ia i kahi ala multi-sectoral, me ka hui pū ʻana ma waena o nā mea kuleana like ʻole, me nā keʻena palekana, nā mea hana kaiāulu, a me nā ʻōpio. No ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hiki o ka poʻe ʻōpio e hōʻemi i ka ʻaihue kula ma ka ʻāina, ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe pane e pono e hoʻokō i nā papahana aʻoaʻo a me nā hui kumu aʻo / pane mua no nā haumāna ma nā ʻano kula hoʻonaʻauao. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka palekana ma nā kula, ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻike, a me nā kulekele kaiāulu kekahi mau ʻāpana o kā lākou mau manaʻo.
I mea e kūkulu ai i ka pilina maikaʻi ma waena o ke aupuni Nigerian, nā ʻōpio, nā mea hana kīwila, a me nā pūʻali palekana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā pilikia o ka ʻaihue kula ma ka ʻāina, ua manaʻo nā mea pane e hoʻonohonoho i nā hui kūloko e hōʻoia i ka hui pū ʻana, e hāʻawi ana i ka palekana e hoʻomau i ke kuleana, hoʻonohonoho i nā kulekele kaiāulu. , ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā hoʻolaha hoʻonaʻauao kula i ke kula, a me ke kamaʻilio ʻana me nā mea like ʻole.
Ua ʻike naʻe ka poʻe pane i ka nele o ka hilinaʻi ma waena o nā ʻōpio a me nā mea kuleana ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pūʻali palekana. No laila ua paipai lākou i kekahi mau hoʻolālā kūkulu hilinaʻi, ʻo kekahi o ia mau mea e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana noʻeau, hoʻonaʻauao i ka poʻe ʻōpio i ke kuleana o nā keʻena palekana like ʻole, ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea pili i ke ʻano o ka hilinaʻi, a me ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi kaiāulu e pili ana i nā hana kūkulu hale hilinaʻi.
He mau manaʻo no ka hoʻoikaika maikaʻi ʻana i nā keʻena palekana like ʻole ma ka hāʻawi ʻana iā lākou i nā ʻenehana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me nā mea kaua hou e hana ai i kēia poʻe ʻaihue. ʻO ka hope, ua hana ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i nā ala e hiki ai i ke aupuni Nigerian ke hōʻoia i ka palekana o nā kula no nā haumāna a me nā kumu.
Hoʻopau ʻia ka pōkole kulekele ma ka haʻi ʻana he mea hoʻoweliweli ka ʻaihue kula i ke kaiāulu Nigerian, me ka helu kiʻekiʻe i kēia mau manawa i hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻole i ka hoʻonaʻauao ma ka ʻāina. No laila ke kāhea aku nei ia i nā mea kuleana a pau, a me nā kaiāulu a me nā kaiāulu e hui maikaʻi e pale i kēia hoʻoweliweli.
Introduction / Overview of School Kidnapping in Nigeria
E like me ka nui o nā manaʻo, ʻaʻohe wehewehe hoʻokahi i hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka huaʻōlelo 'kidnapping'. Ua hāʻawi kekahi mau loea i kā lākou wehewehe ponoʻī i ke ʻano o ka ʻaihue iā lākou. No ka laʻana, ua wehewehe ʻo Inyang lāua ʻo ʻAberahama (2013) i ka ʻaihue ʻana ma ke ʻano he hopu ikaika, ka lawe ʻana aku, a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻana i ke kanaka me ka ʻole o kona makemake. Pēlā nō, wehewehe ʻo Uzorma lāua ʻo Nwanegbo- Ben (2014) i ka ʻaihue ʻana ma ke ʻano o ka hopu ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana i ke kanaka me ka ikaika ʻole a i ʻole ma ka hoʻopunipuni, a ʻo ka hapa nui me kahi noi no ka uku. ʻO Fage and Alabi (2017) nā huaʻōlelo kidnapping ma ke ʻano he hoʻopunipuni a i ʻole ka hoʻopio ikaika ʻana o ke kanaka a i ʻole kahi hui o nā kānaka no nā kumu mai ka socio-economic, politika, a me ka hoʻomana, a me kekahi. ʻOiai ka nui o nā wehewehe ʻana, ʻo ka mea like me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ka ʻaihue he hana kūʻokoʻa i ke kānāwai e komo pinepine ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikaika me ke kumu o ka loaʻa kālā a i ʻole nā loaʻa ʻē aʻe.
Ma Nigeria, ʻo ka haʻihaʻi ʻana o ka palekana ua alakaʻi i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻaihue ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka ʻāina. ʻOiai he hana mau ka ʻaihue, ua lawe ʻia kahi ʻano hou me kēia poʻe kidnappers e hoʻohana ana i ka weliweli lehulehu a me nā koi politika e koi ai i nā uku i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole e like me ka wā ma mua kahi e ʻimi nui ai ka poʻe ʻaihue i ka poʻe waiwai, ʻoi aku ka poʻe hewa i kēia manawa i ka poʻe o kēlā me kēia papa. ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻaihue ʻana i kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka ʻaihue nui ʻana o nā haumāna mai nā hale moe kula, ka ʻaihue ʻana i nā haumāna ma nā alanui a me nā wahi kuaʻāina a me nā kūlanakauhale.
Me ka aneane 200,000 mau kula haʻahaʻa a me ke kula kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka ʻoihana hoʻonaʻauao ʻo Nigeria ka mea nui loa ma ʻApelika (Verjee a me Kwaja, 2021). ʻOiai ʻaʻole he mea hou ka ʻaihue kula ma Nigeria, i kēia mau manawa, ua nui ka nui o ka ʻaihue ʻana i nā haumāna no ka uku pānaʻi mai nā kula hoʻonaʻauao ʻoi aku nā kula kiʻekiʻe ma ka ʻĀkau o Nigeria. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka mua o kēia mau haʻawina nui o nā haumāna kula i ka makahiki 2014 i ka wā i hōʻike ai ke aupuni Nigerian ua kāʻili nā hui hoʻoweliweli Boko Haram i nā kaikamahine kula 276 mai ko lākou hale moe ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻākau-hikina o Chibok, Borno State (Ibrahim a me Mukhtar, 2017; Iwara. , 2021).
Ma mua o kēia manawa, ua hoʻouka ʻia a pepehi ʻia nā haumāna kula ma Nigeria. No ka laʻana, i ka makahiki 2013, ua puhi ola ʻia nā haumāna he kanahākūmākahi a me hoʻokahi kumu ma ke kula kiʻekiʻe o ke aupuni ʻo Mamufo ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Yobe. I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, ua pepehi ʻia nā haumāna a me nā kumu he kanahākūmāhā ma ke Kulanui o ka Mahiai ma Gujba. I Pepeluali 2014, ua pepehi ʻia nā haumāna he kanalimakumamāiwa ma ke Kulanui Aupuni Federal o Buni Yadi. Ua ukali ʻia ka ʻaihue Chibok i ʻApelila 2014 (Verjee a me Kwaja, 2021).
Mai ka makahiki 2014, ua ʻaihue ʻia ma luna o 1000 mau keiki kula no ka uku pānaʻi e nā pūʻulu lawehala ma ka ʻĀkau o Nigeria. ʻO kēia ka mea i hōʻike ʻia i kahi kaʻina manawa o kahi kidnapping kula ma Nigeria:
- ʻApelila 14, 2014: Ua kāʻili ʻia nā kaikamahine kula 276 mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe o nā kaikamahine o ke Aupuni ma Chibok, Borno State. ʻOiai ua hoʻopakele ʻia ka hapa nui o nā kaikamahine, ua pepehi ʻia kekahi a i ʻole e nalowale ana a hiki i kēia lā.
- Pepeluali 19, 2018: 110 nā haumāna wahine i kāʻili ʻia mai ke Kula Nui ʻepekema ʻepekema o ke Aupuni ma Dapchi, Yobe State. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hapa nui o lākou i nā pule ma hope.
- Kekemapa 11, 2020: 303 mau haumāna kāne i kāʻili ʻia mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe ʻepekema aupuni, Kankara, Katsina State. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia lākou i hoʻokahi pule ma hope.
- Kekemapa 19, 2020: Ua lawe ʻia nā haumāna 80 mai kahi kula Islamiyya ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Mahuta, Katsina State. Ua hoʻokuʻu koke aku nā mākaʻi a me kā lākou hui palekana kaiāulu i kēia mau haumāna mai kā lākou poʻe ʻaihue.
- Pepeluali 17, 2021: 42 mau kānaka, me 27 mau haumāna i kāʻili ʻia mai ke Aupuni Science College, Kagara, Niger State, ʻoiai ua pepehi ʻia kekahi haumāna i ka wā o ka hoʻouka ʻana.
- Pepeluali 26, 2021: Ma kahi o 317 mau haumāna wahine i kāʻili ʻia mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe ʻepekema ʻo Government Girls Science, Jangebe, Zamfara State.
- Malaki 11, 2021: Ua kāʻili ʻia nā haumāna 39 mai ka Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna State.
- Malaki 13, 2021: Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana ma ke kula kiʻekiʻe o Turkish International Secondary School, Rigachikun, Kaduna State akā ua hoʻopau ʻia kā lākou mau hoʻolālā ma muli o kahi ʻōlelo i loaʻa mai e ka pūʻali koa Nigerian. I kēlā lā hoʻokahi, ua hoʻopakele ʻia ka pūʻali koa Nigerian he 180 poʻe, me nā haumāna 172 mai ke Kula Federal o ka ʻOihana Hoʻonaʻauao ma Afaka, Kaduna State. ʻO ka hoʻoikaika pū ʻana o ka pūʻali koa Nigerian, nā mākaʻi, a me nā mea manawaleʻa i pale aku i ka hoʻouka ʻana i ke kula kiʻekiʻe ʻepekema aupuni, ʻo Ikara ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Kaduna.
- Malaki 15, 2021: Ua kāʻili ʻia nā kumu 3 mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe ʻo UBE ma Rama, Birnin Gwari, Kaduna State.
- ʻApelila 20, 2021: Ma kahi o 20 mau haumāna a me 3 mau limahana i ʻaihue ʻia mai ke Kulanui ʻo Greenfield, Kaduna State. Ua pepehi ka poʻe ʻaihue i nā haumāna ʻelima a ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe i Mei.
- ʻApelila 29, 2021: Ma kahi o 4 mau haumāna i kāʻili ʻia mai ke kula ʻo King, Gana Ropp, Barkin Ladi, ma Plateau State. ʻEkolu o lākou i pakele ma hope mai ka poʻe pio.
- Mei 30, 2021: Ma kahi o 136 mau haumāna a me kekahi mau kumu i kāʻili ʻia mai ke kula ʻo Salihu Tanko Islamic ma Tegina, ka mokuʻāina ʻo Niger. Ua make kekahi o lakou i ke pio, a ua hookuuia kekahi i ka mahina o Augate.
- Iune 11, 2021: 8 mau haumāna a me kekahi mau kumu aʻo i kāʻili ʻia ma Nuhu Bamali Polytechnic, Zaria, Kaduna State.
- Iune 17, 2021: Ma kahi o 100 mau haumāna a me ʻelima kumu i kāʻili ʻia mai Federal Government Girls College, Birnin Yauri, Kebbi State
- Iulai 5, 2021: Ua ʻaihue ʻia nā haumāna ma mua o 120 mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe ʻo Bethel Baptist High School, Damishi ma Kaduna State.
- ʻAukake 16, 2021: Ma kahi o 15 mau haumāna i kāʻili ʻia mai ke Koleke o ka Mahiai a me ka Ola Ola holoholona ma Bakura, ka mokuʻāina ʻo Zamfara.
- ʻAukake 18, 2021: Ua ʻaihue ʻia nā haumāna ʻeiwa i ko lākou hoʻi ʻana mai ke kula Islamiyya ma Sakkai, Katsina State.
- Kepakemapa 1, 2021: Ma kahi o 73 mau haumāna i kāʻili ʻia mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe o ke aupuni ma Kaya, Zamfara State (Egobiambu, 2021; Ojelu, 2021; Verjee a me Kwaja, 2021; Yusuf, 2021).
Laha ʻia ka pilikia o ka ʻaihue haumāna a puni ka ʻāina a he ulu hopohopo i ka pilikia kidnap-for-ransom o ka ʻāina, me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole no ka ʻoihana hoʻonaʻauao. He pilikia ia no ka mea e hoʻopilikia ana i ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana o nā haumāna ma kahi ʻāina me ka kiʻekiʻe loa o nā keiki i waho o ke kula a me nā helu haʻalele, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke kaikamahine-keiki. Eia kekahi, pilikia ʻo Nigeria i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi 'hanauna nalowale' o nā keiki o ke kula i nalowale i ka hoʻonaʻauao a no laila nā manawa e hiki mai ana e holomua a hoʻokuke iā lākou iho a me ko lākou ʻohana mai ka ʻilihune.
ʻO ka hopena o ka ʻaihue kula he lehulehu a alakaʻi i ka ʻeha a me ka noʻonoʻo no nā mākua a me nā keiki kula o ka poʻe i ʻaihue ʻia, ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka palekana, kahi e hōʻole ai i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā o nā ʻāina ʻē, a me ka paʻa ʻole o ka politika no ka mea ʻo ka poʻe kidnappers e hoʻolilo i ka mokuʻāina ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokele ʻia a hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia. ka nānā honua. No laila, pono kēia pilikia i kahi ʻano hui like ʻole e alakaʻi ʻia e ka poʻe ʻōpio a me nā pūʻali palekana e hoʻopau iā ia i ka ʻōpuʻu.
Pahuhopu Pahuhopu
ko kakou Hoʻoikaika i nā ʻōpio, nā mea hana kaiāulu a me nā pūʻali koa palekana e hoʻēmi i ka ʻaihue kula i mea e hoʻoponopono ai i ka nui o ka ʻaihue ʻana i nā haumāna i kēia mau manawa. Ke ʻimi nei kā mākou papahana e hoʻonui i ka pilina ma waena o nā mākaʻi a me nā poʻe ʻōpio e hoʻēmi i nā hanana o ka ʻaihue kula. Aia ka ʻokoʻa a me ka haki ʻana o ka hilinaʻi ma waena o ka poʻe ʻōpio a me nā pūʻali palekana ʻoi aku ka poʻe mākaʻi e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ka wā #EndSARS kūʻē kūʻē i ka hana hoʻomāinoino a nā mākaʻi ma ʻOkakopa 2020. 20, 2020 i ka wā i wehe ai nā mākaʻi a me nā pūʻali koa i ke ahi i nā poʻe ʻōpio pale ʻole.
ʻO kā mākou papahana alakaʻi ʻōpio ʻōpio e kālele i ka hana ʻana i nā alahaka ma waena o kēia mau pūʻulu e hoʻololi i ko lākou mau pilina ʻenemi i mau pilina e hoʻēmi ai i ka ʻaihue kula. ʻO ke kumu o ka papahana ʻo ia ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻōpio, nā mea hana kaiāulu a me nā pūʻali palekana e hui pū i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka pilikia o ka ʻaihue kula no ka uku. Pono kēia ʻano maikaʻi ʻole i kahi ala hui e hōʻoia i ka palekana o nā ʻōpio i ke kula a pale i ko lākou kuleana e aʻo ai i kahi wahi palekana a palekana. ʻO ke kumu o ka papahana e hoʻoikaika i ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻōpio, nā mea hana kaiāulu a me nā pūʻali palekana e hoʻēmi i ka ʻaihue kula. ʻO nā pahuhopu e:
- E hoʻoikaika i ka mana o nā ʻōpio, nā mea hana kaiāulu a me nā pūʻali palekana e hoʻēmi i ka ʻaihue kula.
- E hoʻoikaika i ka hana like ʻana ma waena o nā ʻōpio, nā mea hana kaiāulu a me nā pūʻali palekana ma o nā kahua kūkākūkā e hoʻēmi i ka ʻaihue kula.
Research Methodology
No ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā ʻōpio, nā mea hana kaiāulu, a me nā pūʻali palekana e hoʻēmi i ka ʻaihue kula ma Nigeria, ka World Beyond war Ua hoʻoholo ka hui ʻo Nigeria e hana i kahi noiʻi pūnaewele no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike o ka lehulehu e pili ana i nā kumu a me ka hopena o ka ʻaihue kula a me kā lākou mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i ke ala e hana ai i nā kula palekana no nā haumāna.
Ua hoʻolālā ʻia a hoʻolako ʻia i nā poʻe komo ma o kahi hoʻohālikelike Google form kahi nīnau nīnau pili pūnaewele 14-item structured. Ua hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻike mua e pili ana i ka papahana no nā mea komo ma ka ʻāpana hoʻomaka o ka nīnau nīnau. Ua koho ʻia nā kikoʻī pilikino e like me ka inoa, ka helu kelepona a me ka leka uila e hōʻoia i ka poʻe komo i ka hūnā ʻia o kā lākou pane a ua kūʻokoʻa lākou e haʻalele i ka manaʻo ʻana i nā ʻike koʻikoʻi e hōʻino i ko lākou mau pono a me nā pono.
Ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka loulou Google pūnaewele i nā poʻe i komo ma o nā ʻenehana pūnaewele like ʻole e like me WhatsApp o nā lālā hui WBW Nigerian. ʻAʻohe makahiki i manaʻo ʻia, ke kāne, a i ʻole ka heluna kanaka no ke aʻo ʻana i ka wā i waiho ʻia ai ka haʻawina no nā mea āpau no ka mea he mea hoʻoweliweli ka ʻaihue kula i nā mea āpau me ka nānā ʻole i ka makahiki a i ʻole ke kāne. I ka pau ʻana o ka manawa hōʻiliʻili ʻikepili, ua loaʻa nā pane 128 mai nā poʻe ma nā ʻāpana geopolitical like ʻole o ka ʻāina.
ʻO ka hapa mua o ka nīnau nīnau e pili ana i ka noi ʻana i nā pane i ka ʻike pilikino o nā mea pane e like me ka inoa, ka leka uila, a me ka helu kelepona. Ua ukali ʻia kēia me nā nīnau e pili ana i ka makahiki o ka poʻe i komo, ko lākou mokuʻāina o ka noho ʻana, a inā paha lākou e noho ana ma nā mokuʻāina i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka ʻaihue kula. No ka 128 i komo, 51.6% ma waena o nā makahiki 15 a me 35; 40.6% ma waena o 36 a me 55; ʻoiai ʻo 7.8% he 56 mau makahiki a keu.
Eia kekahi, o ka 128 pane, 39.1% i hōʻike i ko lākou noho ʻana ma nā mokuʻāina i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka ʻaihue kula; ʻO 52.3% ka pane ʻole, ʻoiai ʻo 8.6% i ʻōlelo ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike inā aia ko lākou mokuʻāina i waena o nā mokuʻāina i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā pilikia o ka ʻaihue kula:
NānāʻIkepili
Hōʻike ka ʻāpana aʻe i nā ʻike mai ka noiʻi pūnaewele i mālama ʻia me 128 mau mea pane mai nā wahi like ʻole o ka ʻāina:
Nā kumu o ka ʻaihue kula ma Nigeria
Mai Dekemaba 2020 a hiki i kēia lā, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mau hihia o ka ʻaihue nui ʻana i nā keiki kula ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka ʻāina. Hōʻike ka noiʻi i mālama ʻia e ka poʻe akamai ma nā ʻano like ʻole he nui nā kumu hoʻoikaika no ka ʻaihue mai ka socio-economic a me ka politika i ka moʻomeheu a me ka moʻomeheu, me kēlā me kēia mau kumu i hui pū ʻia. ʻO nā mea i loaʻa i ka noiʻi e hōʻike ana i nā mea e like me ka nele i ka hana, ka ʻilihune haʻahaʻa, ka hoʻomana hoʻomana, ka noho ʻana o nā wahi i mālama ʻole ʻia, a me ka ulu ʻana o ka palekana ke kumu nui o ka ʻaihue kula ma Nigeria. He kanakolukumamālua pakeneka o ka poʻe pane i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili kālā ʻana i nā hana hoʻoweliweli ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu nui o ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻaihue kula ma Nigeria.
Pēlā nō, ʻo 27.3% ka mea i hōʻike i ka nele i ka hana ʻo ia ke kumu o ka ʻaihue kula ma Nigeria. Pēlā nō, 19.5% i ʻōlelo ʻo ka ʻilihune ke kumu ʻē aʻe o ka ʻilihune. Eia kekahi, 14.8% ka mea i hōʻike i ka hele ʻana o nā wahi i mālama ʻole ʻia.
Ka hopena o ka ʻaihue kula a me ka pani ʻana o ke kula ma ka hoʻonaʻauao ma Nigeria
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka mea nui o ka hoʻonaʻauao i loko o kahi hui lehulehu e like me Nigeria. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻi i kekahi mau manawa, a hoʻoweliweli ʻia e ka hoʻoweliweli o ka ʻaihue. ʻO ka hana i hoʻokumu ʻia mai ka ʻāina ʻo Niger Delta o ka ʻāina, ua piʻi wikiwiki a lilo i ʻoihana o ka lā ma nā wahi āpau o ka ʻāina. Ua puka mai ka hopohopo nui i ka hopena o ka ʻaihue kula ma Nigeria. Aia kēia mai ka hopohopo o ka makua no ka maluhia ʻole, a hiki i nā ʻōpio ke hoʻowalewale ʻia i ka ʻoihana 'uku' ʻo ka ʻaihue ʻana i kumu e haʻalele ai lākou i nā kula.
He mea noʻonoʻo kēia i nā pane o ka noiʻi i hana ʻia ʻoiai ʻo 33.3% o nā mea pane e ʻae i ka hopena o ka ʻaihue i ka nalowale o ka hoihoi o nā haumāna i ka hoʻonaʻauao, a ʻo kekahi 33.3% o nā pane ʻae i kona hopena i ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻonaʻauao. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ke hana ʻia nā ʻaihue ma nā kula, hoʻouna ʻia nā keiki kula i ka home, a hoʻihoʻi ʻia paha e ko lākou mau mākua, a i kekahi mau hihia koʻikoʻi, pani ʻia nā kula no nā mahina.
ʻO ka hopena pōʻino loa i ka wā e hana ʻole ai nā haumāna, e hoʻowalewale ʻia lākou i ka hana ʻaihue. Hoʻowalewale ka poʻe hana hewa iā lākou ma ke ʻano, hōʻike lākou i ka "ʻoihana" i mea waiwai iā lākou. ʻIke ʻia mai ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka poʻe ʻōpio i komo i ka ʻaihue kula ma Nigeria. Hiki i nā hopena ʻē aʻe ke komo i ka trauma noʻonoʻo, ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka moʻomeheu, he mea hana i ka lima o kekahi mau elites ma ke ʻano he poʻe pōā, me ka mercenary no kekahi poʻe kālai'āina, hoʻolauna i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka pilikanaka e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, gang raping, etc.
Nā Manaʻo Kulekele
Ke lilo nei ʻo Nigeria i mea palekana no laila ʻaʻohe wahi palekana hou. Ma ke kula, ka hale pule, a i ʻole ka hale noho pilikino, pilikia mau nā kamaʻāina i ka pōʻino o ka ʻaihue. Eia nō naʻe, ua manaʻo ka poʻe pane ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻaihue kula i kēia manawa ua paʻakikī i nā mākua a me nā kahu o ka ʻāina i hoʻopilikia ʻia e hoʻomau i ka hoʻouna ʻana i kā lākou mau keiki i ke kula no ka makaʻu o aihue ʻia lākou. Ua hāʻawi ʻia kekahi mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e kēia poʻe pane e kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kumu o ka ʻaihue a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hoʻonā no ka hōʻemi ʻana i ia mau hana ma Nigeria. ʻO kēia mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i hana i ka poʻe ʻōpio, nā mea hana kaiāulu, nā keʻena palekana, a me ke aupuni Nigerian ma nā ʻano hana like ʻole e hiki ai iā lākou ke hana i ka hakakā ʻana i ka ʻaihue kula:
1. Pono e hoʻoikaika i ka mana o ka poʻe ʻōpio e hana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻaihue kula ma Nigeria:
ʻO ka poʻe ʻōpio ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o ka heluna o ka honua a no laila, pono lākou e komo i nā hoʻoholo e pili ana i ka ʻāina. Me ka laha o ka aihue kula ma na wahi like ole o ka aina a me na hopena maikai ole i ka lehulehu o ka poe opio, pono lakou e komo piha i ka haawi ana i na hooponopono no ka hoopau ana i keia weliweli. E like me kēia, ʻo 56.3% ka manaʻo i ka pono o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka palekana i nā kula a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻike a me ka ʻike no ka poʻe ʻōpio. Pēlā nō, manaʻo ʻo 21.1% i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mākaʻi kaiāulu ma nā wahi e pili ana i kēia mau hoʻouka ʻana. Ma ke ʻano like, 17.2 pākēneka i manaʻo e hoʻokō i nā papahana aʻoaʻo ma nā kula. Eia kekahi, 5.4% i kākoʻo no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke aʻo a me ka hui pane mua.
2. Pono e hoʻoikaika i ka hana like ʻana ma waena o ke aupuni Nigerian, nā ʻōpio, nā mea hana kīwila, a me nā pūʻali palekana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā pilikia o ka ʻaihue kula ma Nigeria:
I mea e kūkulu ai i ka launa pū ʻana ma waena o ke aupuni Nigerian, nā ʻōpio, nā mea hana kīwila, a me nā pūʻali palekana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā pilikia o ka ʻaihue kula ma ka ʻāina, ua manaʻo ʻo 33.6% i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā hui kūloko e hōʻoia i ka hui pū ʻana ma waena o nā mea kuleana. Ma kahi ʻano like, 28.1% i ʻōlelo ʻia i nā mākaʻi kaiāulu i hana i nā mea kuleana like ʻole a hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā lākou i ka pane ʻana i kēia mau pilikia. ʻO kekahi 17.2% i kākoʻo no ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o nā mea pili like ʻole. ʻO nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ke kuleana ma waena o nā mea kuleana āpau.
3. Pono e kūkulu i ka hilinaʻi ma waena o nā ʻōpio a me nā keʻena palekana like ʻole ma Nigeria:
Ua ʻike ka poʻe pane i ka pau ʻole o ka hilinaʻi ma waena o nā ʻōpio a me nā mea kuleana ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pūʻali palekana. No laila ua paipai lākou i kekahi mau hoʻolālā kūkulu hilinaʻi, ʻo kekahi o ia mau mea e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana noʻeau, hoʻonaʻauao i ka poʻe ʻōpio i ke kuleana o nā keʻena palekana like ʻole, ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea pili i ke ʻano o ka hilinaʻi, a me ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi kaiāulu e pili ana i nā hana kūkulu hale hilinaʻi.
4. Pono nā pūʻali palekana Nigerian e hoʻoikaika maikaʻi ʻia e hoʻoponopono i ka ʻaihue ma Nigeria:
Pono ke aupuni o Nigeria e kākoʻo i nā keʻena palekana like ʻole ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana iā lākou i nā lako a me nā kumuwaiwai āpau e pono ai lākou e hana i kēia mau kidnappers. ʻO 47% o nā mea pane i manaʻo e hoʻolako ke aupuni i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana i kā lākou hana. Ma ka manaʻo like, 24.2% i kākoʻo no ke kūkulu ʻana i ka hiki no nā lālā o nā pūʻali palekana. Pēlā nō, ua ʻōlelo ʻo 18% e manaʻo ʻia he pono e kūkulu i ka hui pū ʻana a me ka hilinaʻi ma waena o nā pūʻali palekana. ʻO nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea kaua akamai no nā pūʻali palekana. Aia kekahi pono i ke aupuni o Nigeria e hoʻonui i nā kālā i hāʻawi ʻia i nā ʻoihana palekana like ʻole e hoʻoikaika maikaʻi iā lākou e hana i kā lākou hana.
5. He aha kāu e manaʻo ai e hiki i ke aupuni ke hana i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka palekana o nā kula a me ka mālama ʻana i ka palekana no nā haumāna a me nā kumu?
Ua ʻike ʻia ka nele i ka hana a me ka ʻilihune kekahi kumu o ka ʻaihue kula ma Nigeria. ʻO 38.3% o ka poʻe pane i manaʻo e hoʻolako ke aupuni i ka hana hoʻomau a me ka pono kaiāulu o kona poʻe kamaʻāina. Ua ʻike pū ka poʻe i komo i ka nalowale ʻana o nā waiwai pono i waena o nā kamaʻāina no laila ua kākoʻo ʻo 24.2% o lākou no ka hui maikaʻi ʻana ma waena o nā alakaʻi o ka manaʻoʻiʻo, nā ʻoihana pilikino, a me nā ʻoihana kula i ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka ʻike. ʻO 18.8% o ka poʻe pane i ʻike pū ʻia ke piʻi nui nei ka ʻaihue kula ma Nigeria ma muli o ka nui o nā wahi i mālama ʻole ʻia no laila pono ke aupuni e hoʻoikaika e pale i kēlā mau wahi.
Panina
Ke piʻi nei ka ʻaihue kula ma Nigeria a ʻoi loa ia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka ʻāina. ʻO nā kumu e like me ka ʻilihune, ka nele i ka hana, ka hoʻomana, ka palekana, a me ka noho ʻana o nā wahi i mālama ʻole ʻia i ʻike ʻia kekahi o nā kumu o ka ʻaihue kula ma Nigeria. Hoʻohui ʻia me ka hoʻomau ʻole ʻia o ka ʻāina, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻaihue kula ma ka ʻāina ua alakaʻi i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hilinaʻi i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonaʻauao Nigerian, a ua hoʻonui hou i ka helu o nā haumāna ma waho o ke kula. No laila, pono nā lima a pau ma luna o ka papa e pale ai i ka ʻaihue kula. Pono ka poʻe ʻōpio, nā mea hana kaiāulu, a me nā ʻoihana palekana like ʻole e hāʻawi i nā hoʻonā mau loa no ka hoʻopau ʻana i kēia hoʻoweliweli.
E hoʻomaopopo '
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