by ʻO Yurii Sheliazhenko, Ka ʻImi ʻoiaʻiʻo, Kepakemapa 17, 2021
Ua pilikia nui ʻo ʻEulopa Hikina i nā 20-21 mau haneli mai ka hana politika a me nā hakakā kaua. ʻO ka manawa kēia e aʻo ai pehea e noho pū ai me ka maluhia a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka hauʻoli.
ʻO ke kuʻuna kuʻuna e hoʻomākaukau i ka poʻe ʻōpio no ke komo ʻana i ka nohona politika kanaka makua i nā ʻāina o ka Hoʻohui Hikina a me Rūsia, a eia nō naʻe, kahi i kapa ʻia he koa aloha ʻāina. I ka Soviet Union, ua ʻike ʻia kahi kamaʻāina kūpono ma ke ʻano he conscript kūpaʻa e hoʻolohe ana i nā luna koa me ka ʻole o nā nīnau.
I loko o kēia ʻano hoʻohālikelike, ʻo ke aʻo pūʻali koa kahi kumu hoʻohālike no ke ola kīwila e waiho ʻole ana i ka mea kūʻē mai ka ʻaoʻao politika. ʻOiai, ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻano mea kūʻē i ka hana pūʻali koa, e like me ka poʻe i ukali ʻia e ka "lunaʻōlelo ʻole" Leo Tolstoy a me nā poʻe Protestant, ua hoʻomāinoino ʻia i ka wā o nā kūʻē kūʻē i nā "ʻāpana" a me "cosmopolitism."
Ua hoʻoilina nā lāhui post-soviet i kēia hoʻohālikelike a ke hoʻomau nei i ka hānai ʻana i nā koa hoʻolohe ma mua o ka poʻe koho balota. Hōʻike nā hōʻike makahiki o ka European Bureau for Consciousious Objection (EBCO) i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka manawa kūpono a me ka ʻole o ka conscripts i ka ʻāpana i kā lākou hoʻopaʻi ʻana i ke kaua a me ka hōʻole ʻana e pepehi.
E like me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana iā Deutsche Welle, i ka makahiki 2017 ma ka ʻaha kūkā nūhou ma Berlin i kūkākūkā ai ka poʻe loea i nā pilikia o ka hānai aloha ʻāina post-soviet, kahi e paipai nei i ka mana autiterity ma Rūsia a me nā kulekele ʻākau ma Ukraine. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka poʻe loea e pono i nā ʻāina ʻelua i kahi aʻo demokalaka hou no ke kamaʻāina.
ʻOiai ma mua, i ka 2015, ua kākoʻo ke Federal Foreign Office o Kelemania a me ka Federal Agency for Civic Education i ka East European Network for Citizenship Education (EENS), kahi pūnaewele o nā hui a me nā loea e ʻimi nei i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻike makaʻāinana ma ka ʻāina o ʻEulopa ʻEulopa. e like me Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Russia, a me Ukraine. Ua kau inoa nā mea komo o ka pūnaewele i kahi memo, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻokō wiwo ʻole i nā manaʻo o ke aupuni a ke a ka lehulehu, ka maluhia, a me ka ulu mau ʻana.
ʻO ka manaʻo o ka pale ʻana i ke kaua e kahi aʻo civic no ka moʻomeheu maluhia hiki ke kiʻi ʻia i nā hana a John Dewey lāua ʻo Maria Montessori. Ua ʻōlelo maikaʻi ʻia i loko o ke Kumukānāwai o UNESCO a ua ʻōlelo hou ʻia ma ka Hōʻikeʻike 2016 e pili ana i ka pono i ka maluhia i lawe ʻia e ka General Assembly of the United Nations: o ka maluhia pono e kūkulu. ”
Ua ikaika loa ka makemake o ka honua holoʻokoʻa e aʻo no ka maluhia i hiki ʻole i nā kūlana o ka hoʻoulu aloha aloha ke pale aku i kekahi mau mea aʻo hauʻoli i ka Soviet Union a me nā ʻāina post-soviet e aʻo i ka hanauna e hiki mai ana he poʻe kaikaina ka poʻe āpau a pono e noho maluhia .
Me ka aʻo ʻole i ke kumu o ka nonviolence, hiki i nā lāhui ʻEulopa Hikina ke hoʻokahe i ke koko i ka wā o ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o ke aupuni komunista, nā hakakā politika a me ka nohona pili waiwai. Ma ka hakahaka, ua haʻalele ʻo Ukraine a me Belarus i nā mea kaua nukelea, a ua luku ʻo Russia iā 2 692 o nā mea kaua nuklea waena. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻolauna nā ʻāina ʻĀulopa Hikina a pau koe ʻo Azerbaijan i kahi lawelawe kīwila ʻē aʻe no kekahi poʻe kūʻē i ka hana pūʻali koa, kahi e maʻalahi a maʻalahi ʻole e hoʻopaʻi i ke ʻano akā ke holomua nei ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka nui ʻole o ka ʻae ʻole o Soviet i nā pono o nā mea kūʻē ʻikepili.
Hana mākou i kahi holomua me ka aʻo maluhia ma ka Hikina ʻEulopa, he kuleana ko mākou e hoʻolauleʻa ai i nā mea i loaʻa, a he ʻumi a he haneli mau nūhou i ko mākou wahi i kēlā me kēia makahiki e pili ana i nā hoʻolauleʻa o ka International Day of Peace 21 Kepakemapa ma nā kula a me nā kula. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā mākou ke hana hou aʻe.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole pili pono ka aʻo ʻana i ka maluhia i loko o nā papahana kula, akā hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kāna mau mea i loko o kekahi mau papa o ka hoʻonaʻauao maʻamau, e like me nā kumuhana o ka ʻepekema pilikanaka a me nā humanities. E laʻana, no ka laʻana, ka mōʻaukala honua: pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke aʻo aku me ka ʻōlelo ʻole i nā neʻe maluhia ma 19-20 mau kenekulia a me ka nuʻukia o Nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa e hoʻokumu i ka maluhia ma ka Honua? Ua kākau ʻo HG Wells i loko o “The Outline of History”: “ʻO ke ʻano o ka mōʻaukala e like me ka huakaʻi maʻamau o nā kānaka āpau e pono ai no ka maluhia ma loko e like me ka maluhia ma waena o nā lāhui.”
Ua hōʻike ʻo Caroline Brooks a me Basma Hajir, nā mea kākau o ka hōʻike ʻo 2020 i ka "Peace education in formal kula: no ke aha he mea nui a pehea e hiki ai ke hana?" kumu kumu, me ka hoʻi ʻole o ka hana ʻino, ma o ke kamaʻilio a me ke kūkākūkā ʻana, a hiki i ka poʻe ʻōpio ke lilo i kamaʻāina kuleana e wehe i ka ʻokoʻa a me ka mahalo i nā moʻomeheu ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili pū ka ʻike hoʻomalu i nā kumuhana a me nā pilikia o ka nohona kamaʻāina, ka nohona kaulike a me ke kaiapuni.
I nā lumi papa, i nā kahua hoʻomoana kauwela, a i nā wahi kūpono ʻē aʻe a pau, e kūkākūkā ana i nā pono kanaka a i ʻole nā pahuhopu hoʻomau holomua, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o nā hoa a me nā mākau palupalu o ka nohona nohona kanaka. Ka Honua, ka honua makuahine o nā kānaka āpau. Hāʻawi ke aʻo ʻana i ka maluhia ma mua o ka lana, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hāʻawi ia i kahi hiʻona e hiki i kā mākou poʻe keiki a me kā mākou poʻe keiki ke pale aku i ka makaʻu a me nā ʻeha o kēia lā me ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lā ʻapōpō i ka maikaʻi o kā mākou ʻike a me nā hana o ka maluhia a me ka demokratika maluhia e lilo i poʻe hauʻoli maoli.
ʻO Yurii Sheliazhenko ke kākau ʻōlelo o ka ʻUkekio Pacifist Movement, he lālā o ka Papa o ka European Bureau for Consciousious Option, lālā o ka Papa o World BEYOND War. Ua loaʻa iā ia kahi kekelē laeoʻo o ka Mediation and Conflict Management degree ma 2021 a me ke kekelē laeoʻo Laws ma 2016 ma ke Kulanui ʻo KROK, a me kahi kekelē laepua no ka makemakika ma 2004 ma Taras Shevchenko National University o Kyiv. Ma waho o ke komo ʻana i ka neʻe maluhia, he mea kākau nūpepa, blog blog, mea pale aku i nā pono kanaka a me ka ʻepekema loio, ka mea kākau o nā paʻi kālaiʻike he ʻumi, a me ka mea haʻi ʻōlelo e pili ana i ke kumumanaʻo loio a me ka mōʻaukala.
