Ka Honua ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa

750 mau pūʻali koa US i koe a puni ka Honua

ʻO ia ka puna o 2003 i ka wā o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i alakaʻi ʻia e ʻAmelika ma ʻIraka. Ma ka papa ʻelua wau, e noho ana ma kahi kahua pūʻali koa US ma Kelemania, e hele ana i kekahi o ka Pentagon kula he nui no nā ʻohana o ka poʻe lawelawe lawelawe i hoʻonoho ʻia i waho. I kekahi kakahiaka o ka Pōʻalima, aia koʻu papa ma kahi o ka haunaele. Akoakoa mākou a puni ka papa ʻaina awakea homeroom, makaʻu loa mākou i ka ʻike ʻana i ke gula a me nā kīʻaha Palani maikaʻi a mākou i hoʻomana ai ua hoʻololi ʻia me kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā "freies fries."

"He aha nā fries kuokoa?" ua koi mākou e ʻike.

Ua hōʻoia koke mai kā mākou kumu iā mākou ma ka ʻōlelo ʻana i kekahi mea e like me: "ʻO nā fries kuokoa ka mea like me nā Palani, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi." ʻOiai ʻo Palani, ua wehewehe ʻo ia, ʻaʻole kākoʻo ʻo "kā" kaua i ʻIraka, "ua hoʻololi wale mākou i ka inoa, no ka mea ʻo wai ka mea e pono ai ʻo Palani?" Pololi no ka ʻaina awakea, ʻike mākou i ke kumu liʻiliʻi e kūlike ʻole ai. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, e noho mau kā mākou ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao i makemake nui ʻia, ʻoiai inā kapa hou ʻia.

ʻOiai ua hala nā makahiki 20 mai ia manawa, ua hoʻi mai iaʻu ka hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo o ka wā kamaliʻi i ka mahina i hala aku nei, i waenakonu o ka haʻalele ʻana o US mai Afghanistan, ʻo Pelekikena Biden. hai mai la kahi hoʻopau i nā hana "hakakā" ʻAmelika i Iraq. I nā poʻe ʻAmelika he nui, ua ʻike ʻia paha e mālama wale ana ʻo ia i kāna 'ōlelo e hoʻopau i nā kaua mau loa i hele mai e wehewehe i ka post-9/11 "kaua honua ma ka weliweli." Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i lilo maoli kēlā mau "fries kūʻokoʻa" i mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole paha e pau paha kēia mau kaua "mau loa". Akā, ke hana nei lākou kapa hou ʻia a ke hoʻomau nei ma o nā kumu ʻē aʻe.

I ka pani ʻana i nā pūʻali koa he haneli a me nā pūʻali koa hakakā ma Afghanistan a me ʻIraka, e neʻe aku ka Pentagon i kahi "ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo-a-kōkua”Kūlana ma ʻIraka. I kēia manawa, ke hana nui nei kāna alakaʻi poʻokela i ka "pivoting" iā ʻAsia i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā pahuhopu geostrategic hou i hoʻokumu nui ʻia a puni ka "piha" iā Kina. A ʻo kahi hopena, ma ka Hikina Waena Nui a me nā ʻāpana nui o ʻApelika, e hoʻāʻo ana ka US e waiho i kahi kūlana haʻahaʻa loa, ʻoiai e hoʻomau ana i ka pūʻali koa ma o nā papahana hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me nā mea hana pilikino.

ʻO wau, ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope o koʻu hoʻopau ʻana i kēlā mau kīʻaha kūʻokoʻa i Kelemania, ua hoʻopau wau i ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i kahi papa inoa o nā kahua koa ʻAmelika a puni ka honua, ka hiki ke ʻike ākea loa i kēia manawa mai ka ʻike i loaʻa ākea. Pono ia e kōkua i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka mea i hiki ke hōʻoia he wā nui o ka hoʻololi no ka pūʻali koa US.

Me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa maʻamau o ia mau kumu, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i nā haneli he koena e lilo i mea nui i ka hoʻomau ʻana o kekahi mana o ko Wakinekona mau kaua mau loa a hiki nō hoʻi ke kōkua i ka lawelawe ʻana i kahi kaua Cold hou me Kina. Wahi a kaʻu helu i kēia manawa, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ko mākou ʻāina ma mua o 750 mau kahua pūʻali koa nui a puni ka honua. A eia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo maʻalahi: inā ʻaʻole lākou, i ka hopena, hoʻopau ʻia, ʻaʻole pau ka kuleana aliʻi o ʻAmelika i kēia honua, ka pela ʻana i ka pōʻino no kēia ʻāina i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.

ʻO Tallying Up "nā kumu o ke aupuni aupuni"

Ua hana ʻia wau me ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i nā mea a mākou i (lana ai) i kapa ʻia ʻo "2021 US Overseas Base Closure List" ma hope o ke kiʻi ʻana iā Leah Bolger, pelekikena o World BEYOND War. Ma ke ʻāpana o kahi hui i kapa ʻia ʻo Overseas Base Realignment a me Clalition Coalition (KA BUKAU) hana paʻa e pani i kēlā mau kumu, ua hoʻokau ʻo Bolger iaʻu i ka launa me kāna hoa hoʻokumu ʻo David Vine, ka ʻōhuar o ka puke kuʻuna e pili ana i ke kumuhana, Māhele Kūʻokoʻa: Pehea ka hanaʻana a nā US Koa i nā'āina'ē i ka hewa oʻAmelika a me ka Honua. 

Hoʻoholo ʻo Bolger, Vine, a laila hoʻoholo wau e hui pū i kahi papa inoa hou e like me kahi mea hana no ka nānā ʻana i ka pani ʻana o ka waihona US ma hope o ka honua. Ma waho aʻe o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka moʻohelu kikoʻī loa o nā waihona o nā ʻāina ʻē, ua hoʻokūpaʻa hou ʻia kā mākou noiʻi ʻana i ka hiki ʻana o kekahi ma kahi ʻāina ke kōkua nui i nā kūʻē anti-ʻAmelika, ka luku ʻana i ke kaiapuni, a me nā kumukūʻai ʻoi aku ka nui no ka mea ʻauhau ʻAmelika.

I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hōʻike kā mākou helu hou i ka hōʻole ʻana o kā lākou helu helu ma ka honua i kahi ʻano haʻahaʻa (a ʻoiai, i kekahi mau manawa, hāʻule nui) i nā makahiki he 2011 i hala. Mai ka makahiki XNUMX, kokoke a tausani ua pani ʻia nā pūʻali koa hakakā a me nā helu haʻahaʻa o nā kahua nui ma Afghanistan a me ʻIraka, a ma Somalia hoʻi. Ma kahi o ʻelima mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo David Vine ka manaʻo aia ma kahi o 800 mau kahua nui o US ma mua o 70 mau ʻāina, nā kolone, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāina ʻē ma waho o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ma 2021, hōʻike kā mākou helu i ka hāʻule ʻana o ke kiʻi i kahi o 750. Eia naʻe, mai noʻonoʻo ʻoe e hele pololei ana nā mea āpau i ke ala kūpono, ua hoʻonui maoli ʻia ka helu o nā wahi me ia mau kumu i kēlā mau makahiki like.

Ma muli o ka ʻimi nui ʻana o ka Pentagon e hūnā i ka hiki ʻana mai o kekahi o lākou, ke hui pū nei i kahi papa inoa hiki ke paʻakikī maoli nō, e hoʻomaka ana me ka wehewehe ʻana o kekahi i kēlā "kumu." Ua hoʻoholo mākou ʻo ke ala maʻalahi loa e hoʻohana i ka wehewehe ponoʻī a ka Pentagon o kahi “kahua kahua,” ʻoiai inā kaulana ka helu lehulehu o lākou. pololei ʻole. (Manaʻo wau ʻaʻole ʻoe e kahaha i ka ʻike ʻana he haʻahaʻa loa kāna mau kiʻi, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe loa.)

No laila, ua wehewehe kā mākou papa inoa i kahi kumu nui e like me kēlā me kēia "wahi kikoʻī kikoʻī e loaʻa nā ʻāpana ʻāina pākahi a i ʻole nā ​​pono hana i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia ... ʻo ia, a i ʻole e ʻona ʻia e, hoʻolimalima ʻia, a i ʻole ma lalo o ka mana o kahi Keʻena ʻoihana Pale Kaua ma ka ʻaoʻao. o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ”

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia wehewehe ʻana e kōkua i ka maʻalahi ʻana i ka mea helu a me nā mea ʻole, akā haʻalele pū kekahi ia i waho o ke kiʻi. ʻAʻole i helu ʻia nā helu nui o nā awa liʻiliʻi, nā hale hoʻoponopono, nā waihona, nā wahi wahie, a nā wahi nānā kaohi ʻia e kēia ʻāina, ʻaʻole e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā kahua he 50 kokoke i ke aupuni ʻAmelika e hoʻopukapuka kālā nei no nā pūʻali koa o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Aia paha ka hapanui ma ʻAmelike Waena (a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o Latin America), kahi i kamaʻāina maoli me ke alo o ka pūʻali koa US, i pili pū i loko. 175 makahiki o nā hana pūʻali koa i ka ʻāina.

Eia nō naʻe, e like me kā mākou papa inoa, hoʻopuehu ʻia nā kahua pūʻali koa ʻAmelika i nā ʻāina he 81, nā kolone, a i ʻole nā ​​panalāʻau ma nā ʻāina āpau koe ʻo Antarctica. A ʻoiai e iho ana kā lākou helu helu, ua hoʻomau ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana. Ma waena o 1989 a i kēia lā, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua ʻoi aku ka pāpālua o ka pūʻali koa i ka helu o nā wahi i loaʻa ai nā kumu mai 40 a 81.

Noho mau kēia alo honua. ʻAʻohe mana aupuni ʻē aʻe i loaʻa like, me nā aupuni Pelekane, Farani, a me Sepania. Hoʻokumu lākou i ka mea a Chalmers Johnson, ka mea kūkākūkā CIA i huli i ka poʻe kūʻē i ka militarism a US, i kapa ʻia he "ka nui o nā waihona"Ai 'ole he"poepoe honua poepoe honua. "

ʻOiai ʻo kēia helu ʻana o nā kahua pūʻali koa he 750 ma nā wahi he 81 i koe he ʻoiaʻiʻo, no laila, e kaua pū nō hoʻi ʻo US. E like me kā David Vine i hoʻopuka maʻalahi ai i kāna puke hou, ʻO ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o ke Kaua, "Hoʻokumu pinepine nā kumu kaua i nā kaua, i hiki ke hānau hou i nā kumu, hiki ke hāpai i nā kaua hou, a pēlā aku."

Ma luna o nā Kaua Horizon?

Ma Afghanistan, kahi a Kabul i hāʻule ai i ka Taliban ma mua o kēia pule, ua kauoha aku nei kā mākou pūʻali koa i ka holo wikiwiki ʻana, i ka pō ʻana mai kāna puʻukaua nui i hala. ʻO Bagram Airfield, a ʻaʻohe kahua US i koe ma laila. Ua hāʻule like nā helu i ʻIraka kahi e hoʻomalu ai ka pūʻali koa i kēia manawa wale nō i ʻeono mau kahua, ʻoiai ma mua o kēia kenekulia e kokoke ana ka helu i 505, mai nā mea nui a i nā pūʻali koa liʻiliʻi.

Ke wehe a pani nei i nā kumu ma ia mau ʻāina, ma Somalia, a me nā ʻāina ʻē pū kekahi, a me ka haʻalele nui ʻana o nā pūʻali koa ʻAmelika mai ʻelua o kēlā mau ʻāina ʻekolu, he mea nui ka mōʻaukala, no ka lōʻihi o ka manawa i lawe ʻia ai. ka noho aliʻi ʻana “kāmaʻa ma ka honua"Hoʻokokoke aku lākou i kōkua mua. A no ke aha i hana ai ia mau hoʻololi i ka wā i hana ai lākou? Pili ka pane i nā koina kanaka, kālaiʻāina, a me ka hoʻokele waiwai o kēia mau kaua pau ʻole i holomua. Wahi a Brown University ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka Pāhana Aupuni, ka nui o nā hakakā kūleʻa ʻole i ke kaua a Wakinekona i ka hoʻoweliweli he weliweli loa: minimally 801,000 nā make (me nā mea hou aʻe ma ke ala) mai 9/11 ma Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Syria, a me Yemen.

ʻO ke kaupaona o ia mau ʻehaʻeha, heʻoiaʻiʻo nō, lawe ʻino ʻole ʻia e nā poʻe o nā ʻāina i kū i mua o Wakinekona i nā hoʻouka kaua, nā hana, nā ea, a me ka hoʻopilikia ʻana ma kahi o ʻelua mau makahiki i hala. Ma mua o 300,000 poʻe kīwila ma kēlā mau ʻāina a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i make a kuhi ʻia aneane 37 miliona neʻe hou aku. Ma kahi o 15,000 mau pūʻali koa US, e like me nā koa a me nā mea hana pilikino, ua make pū kekahi. Ua loaʻa nā helu he nui o nā hōʻeha hōʻeha a me nā miliona o nā makaʻāinana, nā mea kūʻē, a Nā pūʻali koa ʻAmelika. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, ua koho ʻia ma, ma 2020, ua lilo kēia mau kaua ma hope o 9/11 i nā ʻauhau ʻauhau ʻAmelika $ 6.4 trillion.

ʻOiai ke emi nei ka heluna nui o nā pūʻali koa US ma waho e like me ka hāʻule ʻole o ke kaua i ka weliweli, ʻo nā kaua mau loa nō ia. e hoʻomau paha ʻoi aku ka hūnā ma o nā mana hana kūikawā, nā mea hana a ka pūʻali koa pilikino, a me nā lele ʻana o ka lewa e kū nei, ma Iraq paha, Somalia, a ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe paha.

Ma Afghanistan, ʻoiai he 650 wale nō ka pūʻali koa US i koe, ke kiaʻi nei i ka ʻelele US ma Kabul., Noho mau ka US hooikaika ana kāna airstrikes i ka ʻāina. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia he ʻumikūmālua ma Iulai wale nō, i nehinei nei Pepehi kanaka 18 mau makaʻāinana ma Helmand panalāʻau i ka hema o Afghanistan. Wahi a Kakauolelo o ka Puʻukaua Lloyd Austin, nā hoʻouka kaua e like me kēia e lawe ʻia nei mai kahi kumu a i ʻole nā ​​waihona i ka Hikina Waena i mākaukau me "ma luna o nā hiki pae," aia i loko o ka Aupuni ʻEmira ʻAlapia Hui Pū ʻia, a i ʻole ʻo UAE, a Katala. I kēia manawa, ua ʻimi ʻo Wakinekona (ʻoiai ʻaʻole kūleʻa) e hoʻokumu i nā kahua hou i nā ʻāina a ka hoalauna ʻo Afghanistan no ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka nānā ʻana, ka nānā hou ʻana, a me nā hoʻokele lewa paha, e like me ka hoʻolimalima ʻana i nā kahua koa Lūkini ma Takisitana.

A noʻonoʻo iā ʻoe, ke hiki mai i ka Hikina Waena, ʻo ka UAE a me Qatar wale nō ka hoʻomaka. Aia nā pūʻali koa US ma nā ʻāina Kīpau Peresia koe ʻo Iran a me Yemen: ʻehiku ma Oman, ʻekolu ma UAE, 11 ma Saudi Arabia, ʻehiku ma Qatar, 12 ma Bahrain, 10 ma Kuwait, a me kēlā mau ʻeono i ʻIraka. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea hiki ke kōkua i nā ʻano "ma luna o ka pae" nā kaua a ka US i kēia manawa i hana ʻia i nā ʻāina e like me ʻIraka, e like me ke kumu o Kenya a me Djibouti e hiki ai iā ia ke hoʻomaka airstrikes i Somalia.

Nā kumu hou, nā kaua hou

I kēia manawa, hapa hapalua o ka honua, mahalo i kahi ʻāpana e ulu ana no kahi ʻano Cold War "ʻili”O Kina, ke kūkulu ʻia nei nā kahua hou i ka Pākīpika.

Aia, ma ka maikaʻi loa, nā pale liʻiliʻi ma kēia ʻāina i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kahua pūʻali koa i waho o ka ʻāina. Inā hoʻoholo nā luna Pentagon e pono ana kahi kahua $ 990 miliona hou ma Guam e "hoʻomaikaʻi i nā mea hiki ke kaua”I ka pivot a Wakinekona i ʻAsia, aia kekahi mau ala e pale aku ai iā lākou mai ka hana ʻana pēlā.

Camp Blaz, ke kahua moku moana mua loa i kūkulu ʻia ma ka Moku Pakipika o Guam mai ka 1952, i kūkulu ʻia mai ka makahiki 2020 me ka ʻole o ka paʻi a hoʻopaʻapaʻa paha no ka pono a pono ʻole paha mai nā mea hana politika a me nā luna i Wakinekona a i waena paha o ka lehulehu o ʻAmelika. Ke hāpai ʻia nei nā kahua hou hou aʻe no nā mokupuni ʻo ka Pākīpika kokoke o Palau, Tinian, a me Iap. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, kahi kūloko hoʻopiʻi-nui ʻia kahua hou ma Henoko ma ka mokupuni Kepani ʻo Okinawa, ka Futenma Replacement Facility, ʻo "ʻaʻohe mea hikiʻole”Pau mau.

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia kekahi o kēia i kēia ʻāina, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka papa inoa lehulehu o ka nui o nā waihona, kahiko a me nā mea hou, a puni ka honua he mea nui, akā paʻakikī paha e hana ma muli o ka patchy Pentagon record. loaʻa ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke hōʻike i ka nui loa a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o nā hana imperial o kēia ʻāina a puni ka honua, hiki iā ia ke hana ma ke ʻano he pono hana no ka paepae ʻana i nā pani o ka wā e hiki mai ana ma nā wahi e like me Guam a me Iapana, kahi e loaʻa ai nā kumu he 52 a me 119 i kēia manawa - ʻo ia ka lehulehu ʻAmelika i kekahi lā e nīnau nui i kahi e hele nei kā lākou kālā ʻauhau a no ke aha.

E like me ka liʻiliʻi o ke kū ʻana i ke ala o ka Pentagon e kūkulu nei i nā kahua hou ma waho, ʻaʻohe mea e pale aku iā Pelekikena Biden mai ka pani ʻana iā lākou. E like me KA BUKAU kuhikuhi, ʻoiai aia a Hana e pili ana i ka ʻae no ka ʻahaʻōlelo no ka pani ʻana i nā kahua koa koa o US. Minamina, i kēia ʻāina ʻaʻohe neʻe nui no ka hoʻopau ʻana i kēlā Baseworld o kā mākou. Ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe, eia naʻe, koi a me nā kūʻē i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopau i nā kumu mai Pelekiuma i Guam, Iapana i ka Aupuni Mōʻī Hui Pū ʻia - ma kahi o 40 mau ʻāina i haʻi ʻia - ua hana ʻia i loko o nā makahiki i hala iho nei.

I Kēkēmapa 2020, eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka luna koa kiʻekiʻe loa o US, ka luna o nā Joint Chief of Staff Mark Milley, ninau: "Pono kēlā me kēia [kumu] kūpono kūpono no ka pale ʻana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa?"

I ka pōkole, ʻaʻole. Kekahi mea aka. Eia nō naʻe, e like me ko kēia lā, ʻoiai ka emi haʻahaʻa o kā lākou helu, ka 750 a ʻoi paha e koe i mea nui i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ko Wakinekona "kaua mau loa," ʻoiai ke kākoʻo nei i ka hoʻonui ʻana o kahi Kaua Hou me Kina. As Chalmers Johnson i aʻoʻia i ka makahiki 2009, "Ua hāʻawi manawaleʻa kekahi mau aupuni o ka wā i hala i ko lākou mau aupuni i mea e noho kūʻokoʻa ai, nā mana hoʻomalu nona iho.

I ka hopena, ʻo nā kumu hou wale nō nā kaua hou a, e like me nā makahiki 20 i hala iho nei i hōʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole ia he ʻano hana no ka kūleʻa no nā kamaʻāina ʻAmelika a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe a puni ka honua.

Kuleana kope 2021 Patterson Deppen

E hāhai iā TomDispatch ma Twitter ae hui pū me mākou Facebook. E nānā i nā puke hou loa, ʻO John Feffer kahi puke dystopian hou, ʻAilana (ka mea hope loa i kāna series Splinterlands), puke moʻolelo a Beverly Gologorsky He moʻolelo ko kēlā me kēia kino, lāua ʻo Tom Engelhardt's He lāhui i hana ʻole ʻia e ke kaua, a ʻo Alfred McCoy hoʻi I ka Puhi Aniani o ka ʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa: ʻO ka Kūʻē a me ka ʻAno o US Global Power lāua ʻo John Dower's Ka Century American Century: Ke Kaua a me ke Terror Mai ke Kaua Honua II.