Okinawa, hou - Ua hana ʻino ka US Air Force a me ka US Marines i ka wai a me ka iʻa o Okinawa me nā hoʻokuʻu nui loa o PFAS. ʻO kēia ka wā o ka pūʻali koa.

na Pat Elder, World BEYOND War, Iune 23, 2021

Hōʻike ka "X" ʻulaʻula i "nā wahi kahi o ka wai ahi e loaʻa ana nā hui o ka fluorine (PFAS) manaʻo ʻia ua kahe. ” ʻO kahi i kaha ʻia me nā huapalapala ʻehā ma luna aʻe ʻo “Tengan Pier.”

Ma Iune 10, 2021, 2,400 liters o ka "wai ahi ahi" i piha me PFAS (per-a me poly fluoroalkyl mea) i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka US Army Oil Storage Facility ma Uruma City a me nā wahi e pili ana, e like me Ryukyu Shimpo he ʻoihana nūhou ʻo Okinawan. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ka ʻĀina Puʻukū ʻo Okinawa i kahe mai nā mea ʻona mai ke kumu mai no ka ua nui. ʻAʻole maopopo ka noʻonoʻo o PFAS i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana ʻoiai ʻaʻole e hiki mai ana ka Pūʻali. Manaʻo ʻia ua ninini ʻia ka wai i ka muliwai ʻo Tengan a me ke kai.

Ma nā noiʻi i hala aku nei i alakaʻi ʻia e ka prefecture, ua ʻike ʻia ka muliwai ʻo Tengan i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o PFAS. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻona ʻana o nā kemika ʻino e ka pūʻali koa US he wahi maʻamau ia ma Okinawa.

E noʻonoʻo pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka ninini hou loa i ka nūpepa ʻo Okinawan:

"Ma ke ahiahi o Iune 11, ua hōʻike ka Defense Bureau i kēia hanana i ke aupuni prefectural, Uruma City, Kanatake Town, a me nā limahana lawaiʻa e pili ana, a ua noi aku i ka ʻaoʻao US e hōʻoia i ka mālama palekana, pale i ka hoʻi hou ʻana, a hōʻike koke i kēia hanana. Ua hōʻike aku ke Kuhina o ko nā ʻāina ʻē i ka minamina i ka ʻaoʻao US ma Iune 11. Na ka Bureau Defense, ke aupuni kūlanakauhale, a me nā mākaʻi prefectural i hōʻoia i ka pūnaewele. Ua nīnau ʻo Ryuko Shimpo e pili ana i nā kikoʻī o ka mea i hana ʻia i ka pūʻali koa US, akā mai ka 10 PM o Iune11, ʻaʻohe pane. ”

Inā pane ka pūʻali, ʻike mākou i kā lākou e ʻōlelo ai. E ʻōlelo lākou hopohopo lākou i ke olakino a me ka palekana o ka poʻe Okinawans a kūpaʻa lākou i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hoʻokele palekana a me ka hōʻoia ʻana ʻaʻohe hanana hou. ʻO ia ka hopena o ka moʻolelo. Hana me ia, Okinawa.

ʻO nā poʻe Okinawana ka lāhui ʻelua Kepani. Ua hōʻike pinepine ke aupuni Kepani i ka nānā iki ʻana e pili ana i ke olakino a me ka palekana o nā Okinawans i mua o ka hoʻokuʻu pinepine ʻana o nā mea ʻawahia mai nā kahua US. ʻOiai ʻo ka mokupuni liʻiliʻi ʻo Okinawa kahi 0.6% wale nō o ka ʻāina ʻāina o Iapana, 70% o ka ʻāina ma Iapana i pili wale i nā pūʻali koa US aia ma laila. ʻO Okinawa kahi o ka hapakolu o ka nui o Long Island, New York, a he 32 mau pūʻali koa ʻAmelika.

ʻAi ka poʻe Okinawans i nā iʻa he nui i hoʻohaumia ʻia e nā kiʻekiʻe nui o PFOS, kahi ʻano make ʻino o PFAS e kahe ana i loko o ka wai kai mai nā kahua ʻAmelika. He pilikia ia ma ka mokupuni, no ka nui o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā pūʻali koa ʻAmelika. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa iʻa ke kumu nui o ke komo ʻana o ke kanaka o PFAS.

ʻO nā ʻano ʻehā i helu ʻia ma luna (mai luna a lalo) he swordtail, pearl danio, guppy, a me ka tilapia. (1 nanogram ma ka gram, ng / g = 1,000 ʻāpana no triliona (ppt), no laila ʻo ka swordtail i loaʻa iā 102,000 ppt) Paipai ka EPA i ka palena ʻana i ka PFAS i ka wai inu i 70 ppt.

ʻO Futenma

I ka makahiki 2020, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻopau ahi i loko o kahi hangar mokulele ma Marine Corps Air Station Futenma i kahi nui o ka pahū kinai ahi. Ua ninini ʻia nā ipu lepo i loko o kahi kahawai kūloko a ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpua o ka huʻa e ʻike ʻia e lana ana ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli kapuaʻi ma luna o ka honua a e noho ana i nā kahua pāʻani a me nā kaiāulu.

E nanea ana nā Koa Malina a ka bale  i loko o kahi hangar nui i hoʻopili ʻia me kahi ʻōnaehana kaomi overhead foam i hōʻike ʻia i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke ʻike ʻia ka uahi a me ka wela. Ua ʻōlelo ke Kiaʻāina ʻo Okinawan ʻo Denny Tamaki, "ʻAʻohe aʻu mau ʻōlelo," ke ʻike ʻo ia he barbecue ke kumu o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia.

A he aha ka pane kūpono mai ke kiaʻāina i kēia manawa? Ua hiki iā ia ke ʻōlelo, no ka laʻana, "Ke ʻona nei ka poʻe ʻAmelika iā mākou ʻoiai ke aupuni Kepani e ʻae e mōhai iā Okinawan ola no ka noho koa ʻana o ka pūʻali koa US. He wā kahiko loa ʻo 1945 a ua hele a pilikia mākou mai ia manawa. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kou palaho, Nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa ʻo Iapana, a hele i waho. ”

Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā puffs foam carcinogenike nunui i nā kaiāulu e noho kokoke ana i ka kahua ʻo Futenma Marine Corps ma Okinawa.

I ke kaomi ʻia ʻana e ʻōlelo, ua haʻi aku ʻo David Steele, ka luna o ka Futenma Air Base, i kāna mau ʻōlelo noʻeau me ka lehulehu ʻo Okinawan. Ua haʻi ʻo ia iā lākou inā "inā ua, e emi ana ia." ʻOiai, ke kuhikuhi nei ʻo ia i nā huʻa, ʻaʻole ka makemake o nā hua i nā poʻe maʻi. Ua kū ka ulia like ma ke kumu like i ka lā o Kēkēmapa o 2019 i ka wā i lawe hewa ʻia ai kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻopau ahi i ka huʻa kino kino.

I ka hoʻomaka 2021, ua hoʻolaha ke aupuni Okinawan i ka wai o ka wai ma kahi e pili ana i ka base Corps Corps i loaʻa ka nui o 2,000 ppt o PFAS. Aia kekahi mau mokuʻāina ʻo US i nā rula ma kahi e pāpā i ka wai o ka wai mai loko mai o 20 ppt o PFAS, akā ua noho ʻia kēia ma Okinawa.

Ua haʻi ʻia kahi hōʻike e ka Okinawa Defense Bureau ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hua ma Futenma

"ʻAʻohe hopena iki i nā kānaka." ʻOiai, ʻO Ryukyo Shimpo ʻO ka nūpepa i hoʻohālikelike i ka wai o ka muliwai kokoke i ke kahua ʻo Futenma a loaʻa 247.2 ppt. o PFOS / PFOA i ka muliwai ʻo Uchidomari (i hōʻike ʻia i ka polū.) Aia ma kai o ka lawaiʻa ʻo Makiminato (hema hema) he 41.0 ng / l o nā toxins. He 13 mau ʻano like ʻole o ka PFAS i loko o ka muliwai i loaʻa i loko o ka pūʻali koa hoʻoheheʻe ʻia o ka pūʻali koa (AFFF).

Ua kahe ka wai huʻa mai nā paipu hoʻoliʻiliʻi (ʻulaʻula x) mai ke Kai Hale Kūʻai ʻo Corps ʻO Futenma. Hōʻike ʻia ke ala kaʻa i ka ʻākau. Hāpai ka muliwai Uchidomari (i ka polū) i nā mea make i Makiminato ma ke kai Kina Hikina.

No laila, he aha ke ʻano o ka wai i 247.2 mau ʻāpana no trillion o PFAS? ʻO ia hoʻi ke maʻi nei ka poʻe. Wahi a ka ʻOihana Wisconsin o nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe i nā pae o ka wai ʻoi aku 2 ppt hoʻoweliweli i ke olakino kanaka. ʻO ka PFOS i loko o nā hulu kahoolaola ākea i ka ola wai. ʻO ke ala mua e ʻai ai ka poʻe i kēia mau kemika ma ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa. Ua hoʻopuka ʻo Wisconsin i kahi ʻikepili iʻa kokoke i Truax Air Force Base e hōʻike nei i nā pae PFAS kokoke loa i nā concentrations i hōʻike ʻia ma Okinawa.

ʻO kēia e pili ana i ke olakino o ke kanaka a me ka nui o ka lāʻau a ka poʻe i loko o ka iʻa a lākou e ʻai ai.

I ka 2013, kahi ulia hou ma Kadena Air Base i hohola ʻia he 2,270 liters o nā mea kinai ahi i waho o kahi hangar hāmama a i nā ʻauwai ʻino. Ua hoʻoneʻe kahi waiʻona waiʻona i ka ʻōnaehana suppression luna. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ulia Army hou Nā 2,400 pāʻani o ka huʻa make.

Hoʻopiha ka PFAS-laced foam i ka Kadena Air Force Base, Okinawa ma 2013. Hiki i kahi teaspoon o ka hua i loko o kēia kiʻi ke hoʻopōʻino i ka waihona wai inu o ke kūlanakauhale holoʻokoʻa.

I ke kakahiaka nui 2021 ua hōʻike ke aupuni ʻo Okinawan i ka wai o ka wai ma waho o ka waihona i loaʻa 3,000 ppt. o PFAS.  Kahe ka wai o ka honua i ka wai o luna, a laila kahe i ke kai. ʻAʻole nalo wale kēia mea. Hoʻomau ia e holo i waho o ke kumu a ʻawahia ka iʻa.

ʻO ka pūʻali koa Kin Wan Petroleum, ʻAila, a me kahi hale mālama Lubricant ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Uruma e pili koke ana i ka pier, kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai e loaʻa nā ʻano mea kaua a me nā lako kaua. Wahi a ka luna hoʻomalu o Fleet Operations Okinawa, "ʻO Tengan Pier kahi wahi kaulana loa no nā heʻe nalu a me nā ʻauʻau kai. Aia ma Tengan Bay ma ka ʻaoʻao Pākīpika o Okinawa, hāʻawi kēia wahi kikoʻī i kekahi o nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe loa o ke ola kai i loaʻa ma nā wahi āpau o kēia wahi. "

Huhū wale kēlā. Hoʻokahi pilikia: hoʻoweliweli nā hana pūʻali koa US i ka hoʻomau ʻana i ke olakino o kēlā ola kai maoli, a me ke ola kai o ka moana. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ke hoʻoweliweli nei ke kūkulu kahua hou ma Henoko i ke kaiaolaola o nā ʻākoʻakoʻa, ke kaiaolaola make mua o ka honua. E mālama hou ʻia paha nā mea kaua nukelea ma Henoko, inā pau ke kumu.

Nā Hana Fleet Commander Okinawa

Ua hoʻoweliweli ka Navy
Nā Lāʻau Koa no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hōʻailona moku.

Loaʻa ʻo Kin Wan, nā hale kūʻai, a hoʻopuka i nā wahie mokulele āpau, kaʻaila kaʻa, a me ka wahie diesel i hoʻohana ʻia e ka United States Forces ma Okinawa. Mālama ʻia a mālama ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana pipeline aila he 100 mile i hōʻea mai Futenma Marine Corps Air Station ma ka hema o ka mokupuni, ma o Kadena Air Base, a hiki i Kin Wan.

ʻO kēia ke aorta o ka puʻuwai o ka pūʻali koa ʻAmelika i Okinawa.

Ua ʻike ʻia nā mea hoʻonoho wahie pūʻali koa US e like me kēia a puni ka honua i hoʻohana i ka nui o nā kemika PFAS mai ka wā mua o ka 1970. Ua kū nui nā mea hoʻāhu wahie kalepa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hua hua make, ke hoʻololi nei i nā huluhulu manuahi fluorine manuahi ʻole a like ʻole ka nohona.

ʻO TAKAHASHI ʻO Toshio kahi mea hana i ke kaiapuni e noho kokoke ana i ka waihona ʻo Futenma Marine Corps. ʻO kona ʻike i ka hakakā ʻana e kaohi i nā pae walaʻau mai ka ʻenekele hāʻawi i kahi haʻawina nui i ka pono no ke kūʻē ʻana i nā ʻAmelika e hoʻopōʻino nei i kona homeland.

He kākau ʻōlelo ʻo ia no ka Futenma US Air Base Bombing Lawsuit Group. Mai ka makahiki 2002, ua kōkua ʻo ia e hoʻopiʻi i ka hoʻopiʻi papa-hana e hoʻopau i ka haumia walaʻau i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā mokulele pūʻali koa US. Ua hoʻoholo ka ʻaha i ka makahiki 2010 a ma 2020 hou ka leo walaʻau ma muli o ka hana ʻana o nā mokulele pūʻali koa US me ke kānāwai ʻole a ma waho o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he ʻae ʻia i ke kānāwai, no ke aupuni Kepani ke kuleana no ka ʻino i hana ʻia i nā kamaʻāina a pono e uku kālā i nā kamaʻāina. .

ʻOiai ʻaʻohe mana o ke aupuni Kepani e hoʻoponopono i ka hana o nā mokulele pūʻali koa US, ua hōʻole ʻia kā Takahashi noi no kahi "lele lele", a ua hoʻomau ʻia ka poino ma muli o ka walaʻau mokulele Ke kali nei kahi hoʻopiʻi ʻekolu ma ka ʻAha Hoʻokolokolo Apana ʻo Okinawa. He hoʻopiʻi nui ka papa hana me ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 5,000 nā mea hoʻopiʻi e hoʻopiʻi nei i ka hōʻino.

"Ma hope o ka hanana hū o Futenma i ʻApelila o 2020," i wehewehe ai ʻo Takahashi,

ʻaʻole hiki i ke aupuni Kepani (a me ke aupuni kūloko a me nā kamaʻāina) ke hoʻokolokolo i ka hanana i kū i loko o ka pūʻali koa US. ʻO ka

 ʻO US - Ke kūlana Kuikahi o Iapana, a i ʻole SOFA  hāʻawi i ka mea nui i nā pūʻali koa US i hoʻonoho ʻia ma Iapana a pale i ke aupuni mai ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i ka pūnaewele o ka maʻi PFAS a me nā kūlana o ka ulia.

I ka hihia koa i kēia manawa ma Uruma City, ʻaʻole hiki i ke aupuni o Iapana (ʻo ia hoʻi, ke aupuni o Okinawa) ke hoʻokolokolo i ke kumu o ka haumia.

Ua wehewehe ʻo Takahashi, "Ua hōʻike ʻia i ka maʻi PFAS ke kumu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a hiki ke hoʻopili i ka ulu ʻana o ka fetal a hana i ka maʻi i nā keiki liʻiliʻi, no laila ke nānā pono nei i ke kumu a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka hoʻohaumia he mea nui ia i mea e pale aku ai i nā ola o ka poʻe noho a hoʻokō i kā mākou kuleana i ka wā e hiki mai hanauna. ”

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Takahashi ua lohe ʻo ia i ka holomua i ka US, kahi a ka pūʻali koa i hoʻokolokolo ai i ka maʻi PFAS a ua lawe ʻo ia i kekahi ʻano kuleana no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. "ʻAʻole kēia ka hihia o nā pūʻali koa US i hoʻonoho ʻia ma nā ʻāina ʻē," hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo ia. "He hoʻokae a hoʻowahāwahā kēlā mau kūlana kaulua i nā ʻāina hoʻokipa a i nā wahi kahi i hoʻonoho ʻia ai nā pūʻali koa US, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomanawanui ʻia," i ʻōlelo ʻo ia.

Mahalo iā Joseph Essertier, Luna Hoʻokele o Iapana no a World BEYOND War a me Polofesa Kōkua ma ka Nagoya Institute of Technology. Ua kōkua ʻo Joseph me nā unuhi a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻoponopono.