ʻO ka'ōlelo Nuʻukia Kellogg-Briand he mea maikaʻi loa ma mua o ka mea kākau

Na David Swanson, E Hoʻolālā i ka mākiakalakala.

Ua papa inoaʻo Professor Lawbridge Law professor inoaʻo David Koplow i kāna mea i kapaʻia he Kelctic Kellogg-Briand Nuclear. Ma ka Haawina Ke manaʻo neiʻo ia, ua hanaʻoleʻo Koplow i kekahi mea i nāwaliwaliʻole,ʻikeʻo ia i kekahi o nā pono o ke Kelctg-Briand Pact. Akā, uaʻikeʻo ia i kekahi mau mea'ē aʻe o ia mau pono, e like me kaʻu i hōʻike ai iā lākou ma kaʻu puke 2011 I ka wā o ke Kaua Honua.

Hōʻikeʻo Koplow i ke kikowaena o ka papa hana i ka papa hana, aʻikeʻia kaʻike o ke kaua mai kekahi mea e like me ka loli i kekahi mea e hiki ke hoʻomaluʻia, pono e hoʻopauʻia, a ma hope aku e lilo i kānāwaiʻole. Hōʻikeʻo ia i keʻano o ka pākahi i ka hoʻonāʻana i nā hoʻokolokolo (ma ka ho'āʻoʻana i nāʻaoʻao hoʻokahi) no ka hewa o ke kaua ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II.

Akā hana ʻo Koplow i kekahi mea aʻu e manaʻo ai e manaʻo ʻia kekahi polopeka kānāwai o US. ʻAʻole wau e ʻimi i ka mea ʻaʻole. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻo ke kuʻikahi me ka "hāmau" e pili ana i ka ʻōlelo i hoʻokomo ʻole ʻia, ka ʻōlelo e wehe ana i kahi puka no ke kaua pale kaua. ʻOiai ʻo Britain a me Palani e hoʻohui i nā mālama i ke kuikahi, ua hōʻoia nā lāhui ʻē aʻe e like me ka mea i kākau ʻia. Ua hana ke Kōmike Koho ʻlelo ʻĀina ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kahi ʻōlelo e wehewehe ana i ke kuʻikahi, akā ʻaʻole naʻe e hoʻololi maoli i ke kuʻikahi. Pēlā nō ʻo Iapana. ʻO ka ʻōlelo a kēlā kōmike i ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ola o kahi puʻupuʻu no ke kaua pale kaua. ʻAʻole paʻa ka pact iā ia a ʻaʻole i haku ʻia, kau inoa ʻia, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia inā ua hana ʻia pēlā.

ʻOi aku ka huaʻōlelo maoli o ke kuʻikahi i ko ka United Charter Charter i ka ʻole o nā puka ʻelua, hoʻokahi no nā kaua pale kaua a ʻo kekahi no nā kaua i ʻae ʻia e UN. A kūlike ʻole i ka mea a Koplow i koi ai, akā kūlike me nā ʻike o ka mea āna i pili ai, aia nō ke kānāwai ʻo Kellogg-Briand Pact. ʻO kēia hana ʻana i nā kaua he lehulehu i kū ʻole i ke kānāwai he mea nui ʻole ia, ʻoiai ka hapanui - inā ʻaʻole āpau - o kēlā mau kaua i kū ʻole i loko o nā puka o ka UN Charter. Akā ʻo ke ola o kēlā mau puka lou e ʻae ai i nā kuleana pau ʻole i ke kūlike i ka wai e maʻemaʻe ka wai inā mākou e nānā i ke kuʻikahi maluhia ma kahi o ka UN Charter.

Lawe pinepine ʻia ka manaʻo e hoʻokahuli i ka huaʻōlelo maoli. Inā makemake ka poʻe nāna i hana i ka pact e ʻae malū i ke kaua pale kaua, a laila ʻae ʻia ke kaua pale, e like me kēia kumumanaʻo. Akā, ua hana lākou? Aia kēlā i ka mea i helu ʻia ʻo ia kēlā poʻe. Hōʻike wale ʻo Koplow i kekahi o lākou, ʻo Senator William Borah. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻokūpaʻa ʻo Koplow i kā Borah kuleana. Ma hope o ke alakaʻi o ka Outlawry neʻe a me ka ikaika lobbying e kāna mau alakaʻi, ua hoʻolaha ākea ʻo Borah i ke kaua kū kānāwai ʻana no nā makahiki he nui ma mua o ke kuʻikahi ʻana no ke koho balota, a ua kōkua ʻo ia i ka hana ʻana. Ma Nowemapa 26, 1927, ua kākau ʻo Borah i kēia i loko o ka Ka New York Times:

"ʻAʻole wau i manaʻo e hiki ke hana i nā hoʻolālā maluhia e huli i ka nīnau o kahi 'lāhui hōʻeuʻeu. He lāhui kolohe ka mea hana kolohe a ʻōlelo ʻole hiki ʻole ke lilo i kumu no nā hoʻolālā maluhia. " ʻO Borah, e ʻaelike nei me ka ʻike ākea o ka poʻe Outlawrist, ua manaʻo ʻo ia i kēlā me kēia kaua e kapa ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao i ka mea hōʻeuʻeu, a ma o nā ultimatum a me nā hoʻonāukiuki e hiki ai i kekahi ʻaoʻao ke hana i kekahi i mea hōʻeuʻeu. "ʻAʻole wau e kākoʻo i kahi hoʻolālā maluhia," i kākau ai ʻo Borah, "ka mea i ʻike i ke kaua he kūpono i kēlā me kēia manawa a i ʻole ma lalo o nā kūlana." Ma hope o ke aʻo ʻana mai nā mea hana o ka lawlawry, ua aʻo ʻo Borah iā Kellogg a me Coolidge, a ʻoiai hoʻi e lanakila ana i ka ālai i hana ʻia e ka manaʻo o ka hope o ke kūʻē ʻana i ke kaua he kūʻē kānāwai.

Akā i ke kumu pololei a Borah i aʻo aku ai iā lākou? ʻAʻohe paha i ka mea i ʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia polopeka loea o US e ola nei ma 2017 i kahi ʻōlelo lapuwale a i ʻole kahi kuʻikahi pepehi kanaka. ʻAe, i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i kēlā wale nō. A ʻaʻole maopopo iaʻu ua ʻike ʻo Kellogg a ʻo Coolidge paha iā ia i kahi mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o kēia: ʻo ka noi a ka lehulehu he makani ʻino ia. Akā eia ka mea, a no ke aha e manaʻo nui ai ka poʻe e hele a puni e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka Kellogg Briand Pact e kanu iā ia. Ua kūʻē aku ʻo Outlawry i ke kahua kaua holoʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka dueling - ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia e nā lawlawists, ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia e ka dueling defensive, akā ma ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o ka hale barbaric āpau. Ke ʻae aku ʻoe i kekahi mau kaua, hoʻonāukiuki ʻoe i ka hoʻomākaukau no nā kaua, a neʻe iā ʻoe i nā kaua o nā ʻano like ʻole. Ua hopu ka poʻe Outlawrists i kēia ma mua o ka lilo ʻana o Dwight Eisenhower i ʻāpana o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā mea koa o ke Kaua Honua Honua ma nā alanui o DC, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana ʻana i kahi kamaʻilio aloha.

Akā inā pāpā ʻoe i nā kaua āpau, hopu ka poʻe Outlawrists, hoʻopau ʻoe i ka hoʻopau i ka pono no kekahi kaua. Hoʻonohonoho ʻoe i nā ʻōnaehana nonviolent o ka hoʻonā kipi. Hoʻokumu ʻoe i ka lula o ke kānāwai. Hoʻonohonoho ʻoe i ka heihei lima hoʻohuli. Ua ʻike nui nā keʻena ʻo Peace Studies i kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei. Ua iho i lalo nā mea hoʻonāukiuki i ka 1920s. A koi lākou i kā lākou ʻike i loko o ke kuʻikahi a lākou i kākau ai, ua kūkākūkā lākou, a ua ʻāpono lākou, a ua hala lākou - e kūʻē ana i ka makemake o nā Senatoa e ʻae ana. Ināʻike i ka pacem, pā pacem. Hōʻikeʻo Koplow i kēia palapala mai ka peni i hoʻohanaʻia e hōʻailona i ke kuikahi. Inā makemakeʻoe i ka maluhia, e hoʻomākaukau no ka maluhia. ʻO ka manaʻo o nā kānaka ma ka 1928ʻaʻole i maʻalahi ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i ka 2017. Eia naʻe ma ke kākauʻana i loko o nā'ōleloʻelua o ke kuikahi a me nāʻano kikokikona o ka neʻeʻana i hana ia. ʻO ka paleʻana i nā kaua a pau,ʻo ia ka manaʻo aʻo ke kānāwai.

No laila he aha mākou, e like me kā Koplow e noi ai, e hana i kahi kuʻikahi kuikahi hou, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma Kellogg-Briand, akā e pāpā ana i ke kaua nukelea wale nō? ʻĀ, ʻo ka mea mua, ʻaʻole e hana kūleʻa a hana ʻole paha i ka Kellogg-Briand Pact e kū nei, kahi e nānā nui ʻole ʻia e kēlā poʻe liʻiliʻi i lohe e pili ana. Ma ka ʻokoʻa, ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi KBP nukelea e lawe i ka nānā i ke ola o ka nui o ka KBP. ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā kaua nuklea he mea ikaika i ke ala o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā kaua āpau, e mālama paha i kā mākou laha i ke ola ʻana e lawa ai, a kuhikuhi i ko mākou noʻonoʻo i ke ala pololei.

ʻO ke kuʻikahi e like me kā Koplow i hoʻolālā ai ʻaʻole ia e hakakā me kahi kuʻikahi e pāpā ana i nā mea kaua nukelea, akā he kuʻikahi paha ia e hoʻopaʻa inoa a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā lāhui nukelea, a ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka hoʻohiki ʻole e lilo i mua e hoʻohana i nā nuk . E like me ka mea i kākau ʻia, ʻo ka Nuclear Kellogg-Briand Pact ma mua o ke aniani ʻana i ka ʻōlelo o ka KBP e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka nīnau pale a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe. Manaʻo maikaʻi ʻia, a paipai wau e heluhelu. Kanu ʻia i ka hopena o ke kuʻikahi kuikahi he koi e hōʻeleu i nā hana i ka hōʻali kaua nukleʻa. Manaʻo wau i ka hala ʻana i kahi pāpā ma luna wale nō o ke kaua nukelea e hōʻeleu maoli i ka hoʻopau ʻia o nā kaua āpau, a hana paha ia ma o ka ʻike ʻana he kānāwai ʻole nā ​​kaua āpau no 88 mau makahiki.

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