Ua Hoʻokumuʻia ka New Manual Pentagon Manual e Nazis

Na Sherwood Ross

ʻO ka Pentagon's Law of War Manual (LOWM) e ʻae ana i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana a me ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā makaʻāinana, "e heluhelu e like me ka mea i kākau ʻia e ka Kuhina Kaua o Hitler," i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka luna kānāwai o ka honua ʻo Francis Boyle o ke Kulanui o Ilinoi ma Champaign.

"ʻO ka mōʻaukala, he ulu weliweli kēia," ua hoʻohui ʻo ia i kahi nīnauele kūʻokoʻa me kēia mea kākau. "Ke hoʻemi nei mākou iā mākou iho i ka pae o ka Nazis."

ʻO ka palapala weliweli, 1,165-ʻaoʻao-lōʻihi, i hoʻopuka ʻia i Iune e ka Keʻena ʻo Defense Defense Office o ka General Counsel, hoʻopaʻi pū ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana o napalm, nā lāʻau make, nā uranium pau, a me nā missile drone, me waena o nā barbarities ʻē aʻe.

Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Boyle i ka manual hou i hoʻolālā ʻia e pani i ka 1956 US Army Field Manual 27-10 i kākau ʻia e Richard Baxter, ke alakaʻi nui o ka honua ma nā Laws of War. ʻO Baxter ka Manley O. Hudson Polofesa o ke Kānāwai ma ke Kula Law Law a Harvard a he luna kānāwai ma ka ʻaha hoʻokolokolo kūwaho. ʻO Boyle kāna haumāna kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO Boyle ke alakaʻi nui, ka loio a me ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o ke kānāwai kūwaho ma ʻAmelika. Ua hoʻolālā ʻo ia i ka US e hoʻokō ana i nā kānāwai no ka Convention Convention of Biological Weapon 1972 i kapa ʻia ʻo ke Kanawai Kūʻē Kūʻē Kūʻē Biological o 1989.

"I loko o nā makahiki, 27-10 ua hōʻoia he mea hilahila loa i ka Pentagon no ka mea e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻōlelo kūpono a pololei o nā Laws of War ma 1956 a me kēia lā," wahi a Boyle. Ua kapa ʻo ia i ka puke hou i kahi palapala "warmongering".

Ke ʻimi nei ka palapala hou e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā hana "kūpono" a me nā "kūpono ʻole" o ka hana ʻino i ka pūʻali koa e kūʻē ana i nā pahuhopu kīwila, e hoʻohana ana i ka palena o ka pono o ka pūʻali koa, "kuhikuhi ʻo Peter Martin o ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele Honua. "Pēlā, hiki ke hoʻāpono ʻia nā hana luku nui ʻana i nā makaʻāinana inā lawa ka maikaʻi o ka pūʻali koa e nā hana."

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka palapala, hoʻomau ʻo Martin, "i ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo no nā hana hoʻomake kaua, e like me ka luku nui ʻana."

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Martin ʻo ka palapala ākea loa ma mua o ia palapala, ʻo ka manual manual 1956 Pentagon, ʻaʻole ia i hōʻike i nā makaʻāinana, ʻaʻole like me nā pūʻali koa, e hoʻopakele ʻia i ka "hōʻeha kūpono ʻole" no ka mea ua manaʻo ʻia ... "ʻo kēlā me kēia kuhi hewa ʻana i nā kamaʻāina kū ʻole i ke kānāwai a me ka hewa kaua. ”

Ma waena o nā haki hae o nā kānāwai kūwaho i ʻae ʻia e ka Pentagon LOWM hou, ua kākau ʻo Martin, ʻo ia:

# Hoʻonohonoho pono i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kaua nukelea. ʻ stateslelo ʻo LOWM, "ʻAʻohe pāpā nui ʻia ma ke kuʻikahi a i ʻole ke kānāwai kūwaho kūwaho i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kaua nuklei." Lele kēia i ke alo o kekahi mau kuʻikahi o ka honua e kū nei. Ma lalo o ka UN Charter e like me ka mea i unuhi ʻia e ka ʻAha Hoʻokolokolo o ka Honua i kāna Manaʻo Kākoʻo e pili ana i ke Kānāwai o ka hoʻoweliweli a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea kaua Nuklear, me ka hoʻoweliweli pū ʻana e hoʻohana i nā mea kaua nukelea, e like me ka US a me ka ʻIseraʻela i hoʻoweliweli aku ai iā ʻIrana, he kānāwai kū ʻole i ke kaua

# Eʻae ana i ka hoʻohanaʻiaʻana o nā mea pepehi ahi e like me ka nāpalm, herbicides (e like me Agent Orange i Viet Nam), ua hoʻopauʻia nā'ahamera uranium (e like me ia i hoʻohanaʻia ma Iraq). No ka mea, ua pāpāʻiaʻo Napalm ma lalo o ka Protocol III o ka Convention 1980 UN ma kekahi mau Koa Pono.

# Ke ʻae ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā pūʻulu puʻupuʻu, nā mines a me nā pahele booby, ke kuhi nei ka LOWM "ʻaʻole ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ʻaoʻao i ka Convention ma Cluster Munitions." (He hilahila ia, ʻoiai, ke kau inoa ka hapa nui o nā lāhui.)

# Pale aku i nā lele kaua drone, nā Pentagon a me nā lole ʻike e like me ka Central Intelligence Agency, e ʻōlelo kūleʻa nei: "ʻAʻohe pāpā i loko o ke kānāwai o ke kaua no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mokulele lele mamao loa ʻia ..." pāpā ʻia ke kahua kaua.

# Hoʻokō i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana i nā pūlū huki o nā hollow-point, e hōʻike ana i ka USʻaʻole he hui i ka'ōlelo hoʻolahaʻo 1868 St. Petersburg i ko lākou hoʻohanaʻana. (Ma kēia kākauʻana,ʻo ka US wale nō 147 mau makahiki i hala.)

I ka hōʻuluʻulu, ʻo ka neʻe a ka Pentagon e hoʻololi i ka manual 1956 me ka LOWM e hōʻike ana i kahi hoʻāʻo e hōʻoia i nā mea ʻoi aku o kāna mīkini kaua he triliona kālā i kēlā me kēia makahiki, kahi e like me ka nui o nā lā he ʻumikūmālua mau makahiki i hui pū ʻia.

Ke hoʻohana nei ka Pentagon i kekahi mau kahua koa 900 ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, i ʻōlelo ʻia no ka "pale ʻana," a ke komo nei i ke kaua ma nā ʻāina he ʻumikūmālua. ʻO ka manual Pentagon hou e hoʻomālamalama i ka paʻi wiwo ʻole i ka ʻauheʻe i lalo o ka US mai kahi demokalaka i kahi hui kaiaulu.

ʻAʻohe o LOWM pāʻani i kahi pāʻani ma ka pāpāho "e pili ana i nā kauoha e hūnā mai ka poʻe ʻAmelika ... ka hoʻomākaukau o ka Pentagon no nā hewa kaua hou aʻoi aku ka nui, a me ka luku ʻia o nā pono kemokalaka i hōʻike ʻia i loko o ke Kumukānāwai o US," wahi a Martin.

He ʻoiaʻiʻo, me he mea lā ʻo ke kīwī o nā kahua kūkala nūhou "kūkala nūhou" i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hoʻolaha ma mua o nā nūhou, a me nā hōʻike nūhou o ka luku ʻana i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka Pentagon. Kaua? He aha ke kaua?

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(ʻO Sherwood Ross ka mea kākau laʻelaha lanakila lanakila i hōʻike muaʻia no New York Herald-Tribune, The Chicago Daily News, a me nā lawelawe keleponaʻoihana. hihihihikea@gmail.com)