ʻO ka mana hou aku i ka poʻe pahu i ka Revolution Revolution

Na Maya Evans, ʻAukake 26, 2020

mai ka ʻO Sussex Bylines

Ua lawe mai ka mana o ka lā me nā pōmaikaʻi he nui - ʻoiai ʻaʻole paha ka wai kahe o ke heroin kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i ko mākou kahakai. I kēia lā, ua ʻike ʻo ka hana opiuma o Afghanistan a piʻi kū ʻoi me ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka mana lā a me ka hiki ke pauma wai mai ka hohonu o 100m. Hiki i ka hoʻoulu wai ʻana i nā wao nahele i hoʻohuli i nā kāʻei lepo i hoʻokahi o nā wahi mahiʻai loaʻa kālā maikaʻi loa o ka honua.

Ma Hastings, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hopena o ka hoʻohana heroin i nā kiʻi like waif, i ka wikiwiki, alo helehelena, ʻelemakule ma mua o ko lākou manawa. I ke koena o Sussex a me UK holoʻokoʻa, ka helu o nā mea hoʻohana - i koho ʻia e ka BBC ma 2011 i 300,000  - manaʻo ʻia e lele i ka lele ʻana o Covid i hoʻomaka ai ka nahu.

No Afghanistan, ʻehā mau makahiki o ke kaua a me ka ilihune i kipaku aku ai i ka poʻe i ka lihi, ʻoiai ma Pelekane he ʻumi mau makahiki o ka austerity i ukali ʻia e kahi maʻi ahulau i hana i kahi ipu petri no ka hana ʻopiuma opium. Kepakemapa i hala Ua hopu nā mākaʻi o UK he 1.3 tonnes o ka heroin me kahi kumukūʻai o £ 120m, ʻoiai ka poʻe e hana nei me nā pūʻulu kākoʻo e ʻōlelo nei e piʻi mau ana ka heroin. ʻO ka Lehulehu Haumana England ua ʻike ʻo ia nā kaona kai ʻo ka mea i hōʻino ʻia e heroin; ʻIke ʻo Hastings i kēia manawa 6.5 mau make no 100,000 ma muli o ka hoʻohana pono ʻole ʻana i kēia lāʻau (ʻo ka make ma 1.9 ka make) a ma 2016 ua ʻike ʻo ʻEnelani a me Wales he 2,593 mau make mai ka hoʻohana lāʻau ʻana.

Ke waiho nei i ke ʻano luku o ka opium, ke ʻano hou o ka mahiʻai ʻana he mea ia o kahi hoʻohuli ikehu hou. I ka 2012, ʻO ka poʻe mahiʻai opiuma o Afghanistan e hana nei he 157,000 hectares o ka ʻāina, a i ka makahiki 2018 iā ia pālua ʻia i 317,000 a ma 2019 ua hoʻonui ʻia i 344,000 hectare.

I kahi ʻāina i hala hāʻawi iā 90% o ka opiuma o ka honua, ua alakaʻi kēia i ka hana ʻana ma mua o ka pāpālua ʻana mai 3,700 tonnes i ka 2012 a i ka 9,000 tonnes ma 2017. Ma o nā kiʻi ukali hiki ke helu. Nā 67,000 pūnaewele lālā ma Helmand Province wale nō.

No kahi ʻāina me ka ʻole o ka ʻōnaehana uila uila, a me ka diesel paʻakikī e lawe ma nā ala ʻoʻoleʻa a palekana ʻole i hoʻopili pinepine ʻia me nā hāmeʻa pahū (IED), ʻo ka hoʻololi i ka ikehu hou o ka ikehu he hana kūlohelohe a wikiwiki loa paha ia.

He wahi maʻamau ia e ʻike ai i nā hoʻonohonoho lā ma nā wahi hoʻomoana o nā mea mahuka a he nui nā home i hoʻokahi o ka lālani no ka wai paila a kuke ʻana paha i ka raiki a me nā mea kanu. Kaʻana like nā pā 'pā kaiā i kahi paneli o ka lā e hāʻawi i ka wai wela no ka ʻauʻau.

ʻOiai ma Hastings nā papahana e hoʻihoʻi hou i nā hale he kakaikahi a mamao loa ma waena a me nā ʻāpana aupuni i ka hopena o ka nui o nā home, ma Afghanistan, mahalo nui, nā hōʻike o kēia manawa e ʻike i ka ʻāʻī wiwo ʻole o ka lā i ka lā e ʻike iā lākou e hopu ana i nā lāhui e like me UK i ka ʻimi e neʻe aku mai nā wahie fossil.

No nā mahiʻai e noho ana ma kekahi o nā ʻāina ʻilihune loa o ka honua, ʻo ka uku mua o $ 5,000 ka mea e pono ai no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma ke ʻano he opium me kahi hui o nā paneli o ka lā, a me kahi pauma uila i hoʻouka ʻia, ʻaʻohe holo holo nā kumukūʻai.

ʻO ka mea mahalo, he hoʻokahi ka lula hoʻomāinoino a ka Taliban - ʻo kā lākou wale nō paha - e hoʻōla i ka maikaʻi: kūleʻa loa ka honua ka hoʻouka anti-drug, i ka 2000 i mālama i ka hōʻemi 99% o ka wahi o ka mahiʻai opium poppy ma nā wahi i kāohi ʻia e Taliban, he ʻekolu hapahā o ka honua i ka heroin i kēlā manawa.

Ma hope koke iho o ka hōʻeuʻeu ʻana o ka US a me NATO iā Afghanistan i ka makahiki 2001, ua koho ʻia ʻo UK no ka ʻāina alakaʻi i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia kūʻē i ka narcotic o ka ʻāina. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka ma hope o ke anahulu ʻike i nā moʻolelo nūhou o nā pūʻali e hana nei me ka opium kūloko e hana ana i nā mea kaua, a ʻo kekahi o lākou he poʻe kālai'āina koʻikoʻi, i pale i nā mea kanu, a ʻauhau hoʻi i ka hoʻolilo kālā hoʻolilo ʻia ʻana ma nā mākeke ʻē.

I kēia manawa, ma hope o ʻehā mau makahiki o ke kaua, ka ʻilihune a me ka palaho, he hopena ka hopena o ka hana ʻana i ka opiuma ma Afghans maʻamau. Ma Red Bridge, Kabul, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hui o nā kāne e kūlou ana i nā pāpaʻu o kahi muliwai e ulu ana kahi i ʻauʻau ai nā keiki a lawaiʻa ka poʻe no kā lākou pāʻina. ʻO kēia kumu ola ke maloʻo nei i ka iwi, a ma waena o nā puʻu ʻōpala e ulu pono ai ka ʻopiuma. ʻEkolu miliona, a i ʻole 10 pākēneka o ka heluna o Afghanistan, he poʻe hoʻohana heroin i kēia manawa a ua lele ka hewa liʻiliʻi i loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala aku nei e like me ka hao ʻana o nā mea addicts i kā lākou mau maʻamau.

ʻO ka prioritizing o kahi kālā kālā wili kālā ma mua o ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai pono ua waiho pū kekahi i kahi ʻāina kūʻokoʻa i ka hilinaʻi piha i nā lāhui ʻē aʻe no nā mea nui. ʻO ka wai kekahi mea o kahi waiwai nui, me 27 hapa keneta wale nō o ka heluna kanaka i hiki ke komo i ka wai maʻemaʻe. ʻO ke kalai ʻana o nā luawai ʻekolu mau manawa i ka hohonu o ka hohonu, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā pā opiuma opium, e alakaʻi ʻole ʻia i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka wai i loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana. I loko o ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana o ke kaua kaua weliweli, hoʻomaka ke kaua. He kaua ia i ninini ʻia i loko o ke UK i ke ʻano o nā mea hoʻoweliweli a nā mea hūnā e ʻimi nei i kahi hoʻāno. Ua wānana ʻia kēia mau hopena e nā mea nānā he nui, ʻoiai ka wikiwiki o ka hana ʻana o ka opiuma, mahalo i ka pāhana ikehu kipi, he huli paha kēia ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia e kekahi.