na Lawrence Wittner, Ianuali 1, 2018, ʻO ke kaua he hewa.
I waena o 1930s, kahi kūʻai maikaʻi ke kūkākūkāʻana o nā kālepa lima o nā aupuni, hui pū me ka US Ka nānāʻana i ka Konauka o nā mea hana poʻokela i alakaʻi ʻia e Senator Gerald Nye, kahi hopena nui i ka manaʻo o ka lehulehu ʻAmelika. Manaʻo lākou e hoʻouluulu ana nā mea hana pūʻali koa i ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā mea kaua a me ke kaua no kā lākou pono ponoʻī, nui ka poʻe i lilo i poʻe kūhewa i kēia mau "mea kālepa o ka make."
I kēia lā, ma kahi o ʻewalu mau makahiki ma hope mai, ʻo kā lākou mau hope, i kēia manawa i kapa ʻia me ka haʻaheo i kapa ʻia ʻo nā "ʻaelike kūkākūkā," ke ola nei. Wahi a he aʻo e ka Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā mea kaua a me nā lawelawe pūʻali koa e nā 100 mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe pūʻali koa ʻoihana nui loa o ka honua i ka makahiki 2016 (ka makahiki hou loa i loaʻa nā kiʻi) i $ 375 biliona. Ua hoʻonui nā hui ʻo US i kā lākou mahele o kēlā huina a aneane 58 pākēneka, e hāʻawi ana i nā mea kaua iā nā lāhui 100 ma lalo iki puni honua.
ʻO ke kuleana nui a nā hui ʻo US i hana i nā mea kaua o ka honua he ʻai nui i nā hana a nā luna aupuni o US. "Nā ʻāpana nui o ke aupuni," i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka mea kālailai pūʻali koa William Hartung, "Ke manaʻo nei e hōʻoia i ka hoʻopiha ʻana o nā mea kaua ʻAmelika i ka mākeke o ka honua a ʻo nā hui e like me Lockheed a me Boeing e ola i ke ola maikaʻi. Mai ka pelekikena i kāna huakaʻi i nā ʻāina ʻē e kipa i nā alakaʻi alakaʻi o ka honua i nā kākau ʻōlelo o ka mokuʻāina a me ka pale ʻana i nā limahana o nā ʻelele US, hana pinepine nā luna ʻAmelika ma ke ʻano he poʻe kūʻai aku no nā ʻoihana lima. " Eia kekahi, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia, "ʻo ka Pentagon ko lākou mea hiki. Mai ke kālepa ʻana, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, a me ka panakō maoli ʻana i ke kālā mai nā hana lima i ka hoʻolilo ʻana i nā mea kaua i nā mea aloha i ka dime auhau, ʻo ia nō ka mea kūʻai nui loa o ka honua. "
I ka 2013, i ka manawa i nīnau ʻia ai ʻo Tom Kelly, ke kākā'ōlelo hope kōkua o ka Bureau of Political Affairs a ka Mokuʻāina i ka wā o ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka ʻahaʻōlelo nui e pili ana inā e lawa ana ka noho aupuni ʻana o Obama e hoʻolauna i nā mea kaua o ʻAmelika, ua pane ʻo ia: o kā mākou ʻoihana a hana i nā mea āpau e hiki ai iā mākou ke hōʻoia e hele i kēia mau kūʻai aku. . . aʻo ia kahi mea a mākou e hana nei i kēlā me kēia lā, ma ka pae [ma] nā ʻāina āpau o ka honua. . . a ke noʻonoʻo mau nei mākou pehea e hiki ai iā mākou ke hana maikaʻi. " Ua hōʻoia kēia i ka loiloi kūpono, no ka mea i loko o nā makahiki ʻeono mua o ka noho aupuni ʻana o Obama, ua hoʻopaʻa nā luna aupuni o ʻAmelika i nā ʻaelike no ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā mea kaua o US ma mua o $ 190 biliona a puni ka honua, keu hoʻi i ka Hikina Hikina huikau. Hoʻoholo e hoʻohoka i kona mua, Pelekikena Donald pu, ma kāna huakaʻi mua loa ma ka'āina'ē, ua hoʻokiʻekiʻeʻo ia no kahi $ 110 billionʻoihana kaua (e hoʻonui ana i $ 350 billion i nā makahiki heʻumi) me Saudi Arabia.
ʻO kaʻoihana makamaeʻoi loa o ka moku'āinaʻoʻAmelika Huipūʻia, no ka mea,ʻo kēia'āina ke kū nei i waena o nā aupuni i loko o ka hoʻolālā kālā, me 36 pakeneka o ka nui honua. He hoihoi ka pu koa koa, e like me ka Repubalika Repubalika, kahi e'āpono nei i kēia manawa ʻO ka piʻiʻana o ka 13 piʻi i loko o ka waihona kālā pūʻali koa US astronomical. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia lilo ʻana o ka pūʻali koa e aneane e lilo i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea kaua kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe loa, no ka mea nā mea hana pāʻani ua akamaiʻo ia i ka hāʻawiʻana i nā miliona miliona i loko o nā hoʻolaha kalakala i ka poʻe pōleʻele nele, e hoʻohana ana i ka 700 i nā lobbyists 1,000 no ka hoʻouluʻana iā lākou, e koi ana he pono kā lākou mau hana hana hoʻolālā e hoʻolālā i nā hana, "Pilikia."
Hiki iā lākou ke hilinaʻi i ka hoʻokipa aloha ʻana mai kā lākou mau luna mua i kēia manawa e paʻa ana i nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i ke aupuni Trump, e like me: Kakauolelo o Defense James Mattis (he lālā o ka papa o General Dynamics); Ke Aliʻi Nui o ka Hale Keʻokeʻo ʻO John Kelly (i hana mua ʻia e kekahi mau mea hana pūʻali koa); Hope Kakauolelo o ka Puʻukū ʻO Patrick Shanahan (kahi luna ʻo Boeing ma mua); Kakauolelo o ka pūʻali koa Mark Esper (kahi pelekikena hope o Raytheon); Kakauolelo o ka Air Force Heather Wilson (he kākāʻōlelo mua na Lockheed Martin); Undersecretary o Pale no ka Loaʻa Loaʻa iā Ellen Lord (kahi CEO mua o kahi ʻoihana aerospace); a me ke Aliʻi Nui o ka ʻĀhaʻi Security Council Keith Kellogg (he limahana ma mua o ka pūʻali koa nui a me ka ʻike ʻike).
Maikaʻi loa kēia hana no nā mea hana a ka pūʻali koa US, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka hihia o Lockheed Martin, ke kālepa nui o nā mea kaua ma ka honua. I ka 2016, ua piʻi aʻe nā kūʻai mea kaua a Lockheed e aneane 11 pakeneka i $ 41 ieeeea?, a ke holo nei ka hui aʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai ma o ka hanaʻana o ka F-35 hoʻoili moku. Hoʻomaka ʻo Lockheed e hana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mokulele kaua holomua ʻenehana i nā makahiki 1980 a, mai ka 2001, ua hoʻolilo ke aupuni US $ 100 ieeeea? no kāna hana. I kēia lā, nā koho ʻia e nā loiloi pūʻali koa e pili ana i ke kumukūʻai holoʻokoʻa i ka poʻe ʻauhau o 2,440 F-35 e makemake ʻia e nā luna Pentagon mai $ 1 trillion i $ 1.5 trillion, hana ia ke polokalamu kūʻai kālā maikaʻi ma ka mōʻaukala US.
ʻO ka poʻe hoihoi F-35 ua hoʻāpono i nā koina nui o ka mokulele kaua ma o ka hoʻokalakupua ʻana i kona hiki i hoʻolālā ʻia e hāpai i ka hāpai wikiwiki a me ke kū ʻana i luna, a me ka hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e nā lālā ʻekolu o ka pūʻali koa US. A e hoʻohālikelike paha kona kaulana i kā lākou kuhi manaʻo e kōkua ana kona mana luku i mea e loaʻa ai nā kaua e kūʻē iā Rūsia a me Kina. "ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke komo wikiwiki i loko o kēlā mau mokulele," i haʻi aku ai ʻo Lieutenant General Jon Davis, ka luna lele mokulele o ka Marine Corps, i kahi kōmike nui o ka House Armed Services i ka makahiki mua o 2017. "He mea hoʻololi pāʻani kā mākou, he lanakila kaua, ma ko mākou mau lima. ”
ʻOiai, nā mākaʻi lele kuhikuhi i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka F-35 i nā pilikia kūkulu kūloko a ʻo kona ʻōnaehana kauoha kamepiula loea maʻalahi i cyberattack. "He lōʻihi ka hele ʻana o kēia mokulele ma mua o ka mākaukau o ka hakakā," i ʻōlelo ʻia e kahi mea kālailai pūʻali koa ma ka Project on Government Oversight. "Hāʻawi ʻia i ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo inā e mākaukau paha ia."
Hoʻomakaʻia e nā kumu kūikawā o ka papahana F-35, Donald pu Ua hoʻohenehene mua ʻia kēia huakaʻi ma ke ʻano “ma waho o ka kaohi.” Akā, ma hope o ka hui ʻana me nā luna Pentagon a me Lockheed CEO ʻo Marilynn Hewson, ua hoʻohuli ka pelekikena hou i ka papa, me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka "fantastic" F-35 ma ke ʻano he "mokulele nui" a me ka ʻae ʻana i kahi ʻaelike he mau piliona kālā no 90 o lākou.
I ka nānā ʻana i hope, ʻaʻohe o kēia mea he mea kahaha loa. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, nā mea ʻaelike koa nunui ʻē aʻe - no ka laʻana, Nazi Kelemania Krupp a IG Farben aʻo fascistʻo Iapana Mitsubishi a me Sumitomo Ua kākoʻo ikaika ʻia e ka mākaukau ʻana i ko lākou mau lāhui no ke Kaua Honua II a hoʻomau i ka holomua i kāna mau hope. Ke hoʻomau nei ka poʻe i ko lākou hilinaʻi i ka waiwai nui o ka pūʻali koa, hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo iā Lockheed Martin a me nā "mea kālepa o ka make" e hoʻomau i ka loaʻa kālā ʻana mai ke kaua ma ka lilo o ka lehulehu.
Lawrence Wittner (http://www.lawrenceswittner.com)ʻo Professor of History history ma SUNY / Albany a me ka mea kākau o Ke kū'ē nei i ka Bomb (Stanford University Press).
