Na Pat Elder, Okatoba 27, 2020
mai ka Na Mea ʻApoʻi ʻOihana
Ke hoʻomake nei ka pūʻali koa i ka wai a me ka iʻa kai o Maryland. E hoʻāʻo kāua i ka wai ma kēia mau wahi e ʻike i kona maikaʻi ʻole.
I ka mahina i hala aku nei ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka ʻOihana Waihona Maryland i kahi hōʻike ʻaʻole i loaʻa he kumu no ka pīhoihoi e pili ana i ka noho ʻana o PFAS ma ka muliwai ʻo St. Mary a me kāna mau ʻōlio kokoke i kahi kahua moku i hoʻolei ʻia nā mea i loko o ka wai i ka wā o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ahi.
Pili nā kemika, per - a me poly fluoroalkyl, i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā fetal abnormalities.
ʻO kā St. Mary's Pilot Study Study o ka PFAS hanana i ka wai o ka honua a me nā ʻōpihi i hoʻoholo ʻoiai aia ʻo PFAS i ka wai kūpikipiki o ka wai o St. nā pae hoʻohālikelike. ”
He mea hōʻoiaʻiʻo ia.
ʻO ke kaumaha, ua hōʻea kēia ʻōlelo i nā hopena i huki ʻia i loko o ka hōʻike i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka ʻikepili o PFOA a me PFAS wale nō. Loaʻa i loko o ka hōʻike ka ʻikepili piha ʻole a me ka hōʻoia piha ʻole o nā PFAS āpau. ʻO ka mea nui, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā palena ʻike no kēia hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma 1 ug / kg. ʻO kēlā hoʻokahi microgram no kēlā me kēia kilokilo a he preposterous kēia!
ʻO ka ug ug kg ka mea like me 1 ʻāpana i kēlā me kēia piliona a ʻo ia hoʻi he 1 mau ʻāpana no ka triona ʻO ka manaʻo o kēia ka ʻōlelo a ka mokuʻāina ʻo Maryland e maikaʻi ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻōpio inā loaʻa iā lākou he 1,000 mau ʻāpana no ka trillion no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ma nā pae ma lalo o ka 1,000 ppt
I ka mahina i hala iho nei, ua hoʻokolohua kūʻokoʻa ʻia nā ʻōlio i ka muliwai ʻo St. Mary a me St. Inigoes Creek ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka hui wai Watershed o St. nā hoa.
ʻIke ʻia i loko o ka muliwai ʻo St. Mary a ma St. Inigoes Creek kahi i loaʻa ma mua o ka ʻāpana he 1,000 o ka triliona (ppt) o nā kemika ʻonaʻeha loa. Ua kālailai ʻia nā ʻōlapa e Eurofins, kahi alakaʻi o ka honua i ka hoʻāʻo PFAS.
ʻO ke Kula Harvard o ke olakino lehulehu a alakaʻi i nā ʻepekema ʻepekema a puni ka honua e haʻi iā mākou ʻaʻole e ʻai nui aʻe ma mua o 1 ppt o kēia mau mea i kēlā me kēia lā. Aia kēia mau kemika i kahi kuikahi na lākou. Nānā ʻia lākou i nā ʻāpana no ka triliona ma mua o nā ʻāpana o kēlā me kēia piliona e like me nā carcinogens ʻē aʻe.
Ua hana nā mokuʻāina he nui i nā rula e palena ana i nā pae o ka PFAS i ka wai inu i 20 ppt. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻōlio momona ʻo St. Mary's i kālua ʻia i loko o ka tartar sauce e 50 mau manawa - a ua maikaʻi me nā poʻe ma Maryland ka mea nāna e mālama i ko mākou olakino. Pau paha nā iʻa iʻa i ka wai i ka wai. ʻAʻole pono nā wahine Maryland e hāpai ke ʻai i nā iʻa iʻa kūloko.
Ke hoʻāʻo nei i ka wai
Pono mākou e hoʻāʻo i ka wai a me nā iʻa iʻa kokoke i nā ala uila a puhi i nā lua ma nā hoʻouka kaua o ka Chesapeake. ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke hilinaʻi i ka pūʻali koa a ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hilinaʻi i ka mokuʻāina e hoʻopono.
Aia nā wai o luna a me nā wai o ka honua mai nā kahua koa i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe loa o nā mea ʻona per- a me poly fluoroalkyl, (PFAS) ma ka honua. ʻO nā mea i loko o ka iʻa bioaccumulate, pinepine i mau manawa he mau kaukani i ka pae o ka wai.
ʻO nā kahawai he tausani a me nā kahawai ma waena o ka ʻāina ma kahi o nā kahua koa e hāpai i nā pae kiʻekiʻe weliweli o nā toxins. Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano iʻa he nui a ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona mau ʻāpana triona kokoke i nā kahua koa a me kekahi me 10 miliona mau ʻāpana o ka triona. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa iʻa mai nā wai i hoʻohaumia ʻia ke ala mua e komo ai ʻo PFAS i loko o kā mākou kino. ʻO ka wai inu hoʻohaumia ʻia kahi kekona mamao loa.
ʻO nā wahi wai ʻehiku o luna o luna: ʻo Aberdeen, Fort Meade, Naval Academy, Chesapeake Beach, JB Andrews, Head India, a me Pax River i wae ʻia no ka pili loa o lākou i ka hoʻohana palapala ʻia o nā PFAS i piha i nā ahi e hakakā ana i ke ahi. Ua nānā ʻia lākou āpau a hiki i ka lehulehu ka laʻana ʻana i nā wai e kahe ana mai nā kumu.
ʻO ka mokuʻāina ʻo Maryland ka palupalu ma muli o ka nui o nā hoʻonohonoho pūʻali koa i loko o ka wai kūpikipiki ʻo Maryland Chesapeake. Ma hope o ke Keʻena ʻĀina o Maryland i ka hapa nui o nā mokuʻāina i ka hana ʻana i nā hana e pale ai i ka lehulehu mai kēia ʻino.
Aia ma kahi o 94 mau pūʻali koa hana a / a i ʻole paʻa i ka mokuʻāina. (E nānā i ka papakaukau excel: "Nā Koa Koa o Maryland". 23 o kēia mau pūnaewele i hōʻoia a i ʻole "kānalua" hoʻohana o PFAS e ka DOD. Aia ia i ka mokuʻāina e pale aku i kona poʻe kamaʻāina me ka EPA ma ka ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka hana mua e pili ana i ka hoʻouka ʻana i kahi aupuni hoʻokolohua hōʻeuʻeu e nānā i nā pae o kēia mau "kemikona mau loa" i kēia mau pūʻali koa, keu hoʻi nā mea a ka pūʻali e ʻae ai i hoʻohana ʻia nā mea.
Eia nā mea hitters kaumaha:
ʻO'Aberdeen Hōʻike'āina
Mai kahi Pūʻali Koa 2017 ma Aberdeen:
"Aia nā pilikia ma ka pūnaewele mai ka lepo a me ka wai lepo. ʻO nā pilikia o ka lepo i ke olakino kanaka i wehewehe nui ʻia e nā wahi wela kēpau ma kahi i aʻo mua ʻia i ke ahi; ʻo kekahi o nā wahi wela hohonu ma kahi o 14 kapuaʻi (a i ʻole ma kahi kokoke i ka papa wai). Aia kekahi mau pilikia hou aʻe i ke olakino kanaka a me ke kaiapuni ma Burn Residue Disposal Area (BRDA). "
Ma waho o kēia, ʻaʻole i hoʻolaha ka Pūʻali i kahi mea ma ka hoʻohana PFAS ma Aberdeen. Inā hōʻike ʻia nā pae o nā haumia ʻino o nā kemikona ʻino ʻē aʻe i loko o ke kai kūʻono ma Aberdeen, ke kumu, aia ma kahi kokoke i nā kahawai o ka lua wai nui o Chesapeake, e hoʻopau i nā mea hilahila ʻole o PFAS.
Papu George G. Meade
Ka pilikia nui ma ke kahawai ʻo Patuxent Little - Hōʻike ka Red X i ka wahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa ahi ma Fort Meade. Aia ia ma kahi o ka hapalua mile mai ka muliwai. Nā luawai e nānā pono ana i ka wai ma kahi i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ai ʻo AFFF e hōʻike i ka wai o ka honua i hoʻohaumia ʻia me 87,000 ppt. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo PFAS e leaching ana i ka muliwai ʻo Patuxent Little.
Annapolis - US Naval Academy
Wahi a ka Navy e hoʻāʻo nei ʻo ia no PFAS ma ke poʻo o ka Naval Station Lagoon. ʻAʻohe o mākou hopena a ʻaʻole maopopo iā mākou e hilinaʻi mākou iā mākou inā loaʻa iā lākou, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka moʻolelo mele o ka Navy. ʻO kā mākou pili kūʻokoʻa maikaʻi ke ʻohiʻohi i kahi hāpana o ka wai ma ka muliwai ʻo Severn e ka Naval Station Lagoon Primary Spillway Discharge Outfall.
Ma 54 o 68 mau luawai i hoʻāʻo ʻia e ka pūʻali koa ma Annapolis, ua ʻike ʻia nā concentrations o PFAS i ʻoi aku ma mua o 70 ppt a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kekahi ma 70,000 ppt., He hoʻokahi kaukani mau manawa i ʻoi aku ma mua o nā pae palena o ka EPA i hoʻonui ʻia. Ua loaʻa ka haumia maikaʻi loa ma Bay Head Park, kokoke i ka Keaka Keiki ʻo Annapolis. ʻO kēlā wahi kahi hale hoʻokolohua o ka mea kaua Naval. Ua loaʻa ka wai honua ma 70,000 ppt ma aneʻi. E kahe ka wai o ka wai i loko o ka Chesapeake Bay.
ike ʻO The Arundel Patriot, kekahi o nā nūpepa kūʻokoʻa nui o ka mokuʻāina.
ʻO Andrews kumu kumu
Ua paʻi ka Air Force i nā hopena wai e hōʻike ana i ka haumia PFAS ma 40,200 ppt. ʻO ka nānā ʻana o ke kahawai kokoke i ka pā o ke kumu i hōʻike ʻia i nā wahi i uhi ʻia me ka hua keʻokeʻo i ʻAukake, 2020. Holo ke kahawai i loko o ka Potomac ma ka National Colonial Farm ma Piscataway Park.
Pūnaewele Kaua Kaua Naval - Ke poʻo India
ʻO ke poʻo India kekahi o nā patch i hoʻohaumia loa ʻia o ka waiwai ma ka ʻāina. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka pūnaewele 71 ma ke ʻano he lua ahi no ke aʻo ʻana i ke ahi. Ua helu ʻo India Head i kēia ma ke ʻano he “wahi e hopohopo ai” no ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka AFFF i loko o ka PFAS. ʻAʻole lākou i wehewehe i nā pae o ka hoʻohaunaele PFAS. ʻO nā wahi ma ke kahawai ʻo Mattawoman ma ka hema i kekahi manawa he ʻohiʻohiʻohi ma kahakai. Pono e hoʻāʻo ʻia ka wai i ke kahawai.
Hale Hoʻokolohua ʻImi Moana ʻo Chesapeake Beach
ʻO ka wai kai kokoke i ka lua ahi ma loko o ka wahi melemele i hōʻike ʻia he 241,000 ppt o PFOS. Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka pūnaewele e ka Navy mai 1968. ʻO nā kamaʻāina pilikino ma Karen Drive, 1,200 kapuaʻi wale nō ka mamao, e inu ana i nā luawai inu ʻole i hoʻāʻo ʻia no nā lāʻau make. Pono e lawe ʻia nā laʻana wai o luna mai ke kai kūʻono a me nā kahawai e kahe ana mai ke kumu.
Hale Kūʻai ʻĀina Moana Patuxent
ʻOiai ua hoʻokuʻu ka Navy i ka ʻikepili e hōʻike ana i ka 1,137.8 ppt o PFAS i loko o ka wai kai ma ke kihi komohana hema o ka waihona, ʻaʻole i hōʻike i nā kiʻekiʻe o nā toxins i manaʻo ʻia aia i loko o ka wai kai kokoke i ka lua ahi ma Hog Point a i ʻole kokoke i nā hangar kahi ʻO nā ʻōnaehana kāohi overhead i hoʻopili ʻia i luna e hoʻāʻo pinepine ʻia a hana hewa ʻole ʻia.
Ua hōʻole ka Navy e hoʻokolohua i nā luawai o ke kaiāulu ʻAmelika ʻAmelika nui o Hermanville kokoke i ka huina o MD RT 235 a me Hermanville Rd. Ua hōʻole hoʻi ka ʻoihana olakino ʻo Maryland e hoʻāʻo i nā luawai ponoʻī ma waho o ke kahua e ʻōlelo ana ua hilinaʻi lākou i ka hoʻoholo a ka Navy ma kēia mau mea.
