ʻO Johan Galtung (1930-2024) he lālā o ka Papa Kūkākūkā o World BEYOND War.
No Norewai ʻo ia a noho ma Sepania. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Johan Galtung, dr, dr hc mult, he kaukaʻi no nā haʻawina maluhia, ma 1930 ma Oslo, Norewai. He kanaka makemakika ʻo ia, sociologist, ʻepekema politika a me ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana o ka maluhia. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ka International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (1959), ke kikowaena noiʻi hoʻonaʻauao mua o ka honua i kālele ʻia i nā haʻawina maluhia, a me nā mea koʻikoʻi. Ka Nūpepa o ka Huli Ola (1964). Ua kōkua ʻo ia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kikowaena maluhia ʻē aʻe a puni ka honua. Ua lawelawe ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he polopeka no nā haʻawina maluhia ma nā kulanui ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, me Columbia (New York), Oslo, Berlin, Belgrade, Paris, Santiago de Chile, Buenos Aires, Cairo, Sichuan, Ritsumeikan (Iapana), Princeton, Hawaiʻi. 'i, Tromsoe, Bern, Alicante (Sepania) a me nā kakini o nā mea ʻē aʻe ma nā ʻāina āpau. Ua aʻo ʻo ia i nā kaukani kanaka a hoʻoikaika iā lākou e hoʻolaʻa i ko lākou ola i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka maluhia a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pono kumu kanaka. Ua hui ʻo ia ma luna o 150 mau paio ma waena o nā mokuʻāina, nā lāhui, nā hoʻomana, nā civilizations, nā kaiāulu, a me nā kānaka mai 1957. ʻO kāna mau haʻawina i ka manaʻo maluhia a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana e pili ana i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka maluhia. vs. ka maluhia maikaʻi, ka hoʻonaʻauao maluhia a me ka nūpepa maluhia. ʻO ko Prof. Galtung koʻikoʻi ma ke aʻo ʻana i ka hakakā a me ka maluhia mai ka hui pū ʻana o ka ʻimi noiʻi ʻepekema ʻōnaehana a me kahi ʻano Gandhian o ka maluhia a me ka lokahi.
Ua hana nui ʻo Johan Galtung i ka noiʻi ʻana ma nā ʻano he nui a hāʻawi i nā haʻawina kumu ʻaʻole wale i ka noiʻi maluhia akā pū kekahi, i waena o nā pono kanaka, nā pono kumu, nā hoʻolālā hoʻomohala, kahi hoʻokele honua e hoʻomau i ke ola, macro-moʻolelo, theory of civilizations. , federalism, globalization, theory of discourse, social pathologies, deep culture, peace and hoomana, social science methodology, sociology, ecology, studies future.
ʻO ia ka mea kākau a i ʻole ka mea kākau kumu o nā puke ʻoi aku ma mua o 170 ma ka maluhia a me nā mea pili, 96 ka mea kākau hoʻokahi. ʻOi aku ma mua o 40 i unuhi ʻia i nā ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, me Nā 50 makahiki-100 He Manaʻo Haumāna a me nā Pono i paʻiʻia e ʻO TRANSCEND Ke KulanuiʻOihana. Transcend a Hoololi ua unuhi ʻia i 25 mau ʻōlelo. Ua paʻi ʻo ia ma mua o 1700 mau ʻatikala a me nā mokuna puke a ua kākau ma luna o 500 mau mea hoʻoponopono pule no kēlā me kēia pule. TRANSCEND Media Service-TMS, e hōʻike ana i ka nūpepa maluhia e pili ana i nā solutions.
ʻO kekahi o kāna mau puke: Maluhia Ma ka Maluhia (1996), Macrohistorians a me Macrohistorians (me Sohail Inayatullah, 1997), Hoʻololi Kūʻē ma ke ʻano Maluhia (1998), ʻāina ʻo Johan uten (autobiography, 2000), Transcend & Transform: He Introduction to Conflict Work (2004, ma 25 mau ʻōlelo), 50 mau makahiki - 100 mau manaʻo maluhia a me ka hakakā (2008), Demokalaka - Maluhia - Hoʻomohala (me Paul Scott, 2008), 50 Makahiki – 25 mau ʻāina noʻonoʻo i ʻimi ʻia (2008), Ke Akua honua honua (me Graeme MacQueen, 2008), ʻO ka hāʻule o ke aupuni US - A laila he aha (2009), Peace Business (me Jack Santa Barbara a me Fred Dubee, 2009), He Manao no ka paio (2010), He Manaʻo Hoʻomohala (2010), Hōʻike i ka paio: Nā kuhikuhi hou i ka Peace Journalism (me Jake Lynch lāua ʻo Annabel McGoldrick, 2010), Korea: Ke Alanui Huli i ka Huihui (me Jae-Bong Lee, 2011), Hōʻike hou (me Joanna Santa Barbara lāua ʻo Diane Perlman, 2012), Makemakika Maluhia (me Dietrich Fischer, 2012), ʻO ka Ola Ola Ola (2012), He Manao no ke Kivila (e hiki mai ana 2013), a He Manao no ka Maluhia (e hiki mai ana i ka 2013).
I ka makahiki 2008 ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ka ʻO TRANSCEND Ke KulanuiʻOihana a ʻo ia ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu (i ka makahiki 2000) a me ka rector o ka TRANSCEND Peace University, Ke Kula Nui ʻO ka Peace Studies ma ka honua. ʻO ia hoʻi ka mea hoʻokumu a me ke alakaʻi o TRANSCENDʻO ka Honua, he pūnaewele waiwai ʻole honua no ka Peace, Development and the Environment, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1993, me nā lālā 500 ma mua o 70 mau ʻāina a puni ka honua. Ma ke ʻano he hōʻike i kāna hoʻoilina, ua aʻo ʻia a noiʻi ʻia nā haʻawina maluhia ma nā kulanui ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa a kōkua i nā hoʻoikaika maluhia i nā hakakā a puni ka honua.
Ua hoʻopaʻahao ʻia ʻo ia ma Norewai no ʻeono mahina i ka makahiki 24 ma ke ʻano he Conscientious Objector no ka lawelawe ʻana i ka pūʻali koa, ma hope o ka hana ʻana i 12 mahina o ka lawelawe kīwila, ka manawa like me ka poʻe e hana ana i ka ʻoihana koa. Ua ʻae ʻo ia e lawelawe i 6 mau mahina inā hiki iā ia ke hana no ka maluhia, akā ua hōʻole ʻia. I loko o ka hale paʻahao ua kākau ʻo ia i kāna puke mua, ʻo Gandhi's Political Ethics, me kāna kumu aʻoaʻo, ʻo Arne Naess.
Ma ke ʻano he ʻumi kaukani kaukani hanohano a me nā kumu aʻoaʻo a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi ka Right Livelihood Award (ʻike ʻia ʻo Alternative Nobel Peace Prize), ua kūpaʻa ʻo Johan Galtung i ke aʻo ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka maluhia.
