I 1940, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e noho aliʻi ma ka Honua

Na David Swanson, World BEYOND War, Nowemapa 3, 2020

ʻO Stephen Wertheim's ʻApōpō, Ka Honua ke nānā nei i kahi loli i ka manaʻo o nā kulekele ʻē aʻe o US i kū i ka waena waena o 1940. No ke aha i kēlā manawa, hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa ma mua o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana a Iapana i ka ʻĀina Pilipino, Hawaii, a me nā pūʻali koa ʻē aʻe, ua lilo ia i mea makemake nui ʻia i nā pōʻai kulekele ʻē aʻe e kākoʻo no ka nohoaliʻi ʻana o ka pūʻali koa US ma ka poepoe honua.

I loko o nā kaʻao puke moʻolelo o ke kula, ua piha ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i nā mea kipi hope i kapa ʻia he poʻe hoʻokaʻawale i ka manawa o ke Kaua Honua Honua a hiki wale i Kēkēmapa 1941, a ma hope iho ua lawe nā luna hoʻomalu kūwaho noʻonoʻo pono (a i ʻole e kamaʻilio mākou āpau i ka Kelemania a me ka ʻeha. ma o nā koho balota o fascistic yahoos, ʻokoʻa i kēia ahiahi).

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i kuke ʻia ka huaʻōlelo “isolationist” a hiki i ka waena o 1930 a laila ma ke ʻano he ʻōlelo hōʻino wale e pili ana i ka poʻe i makemake i ke aupuni US e hui pū me ka honua i kekahi ʻano o nā kuʻikahi e kālepa ai ʻaʻole kēlā i hoʻokomo i ka militarism. ʻO ka anti-isolationism a he ala ia e hoʻomākeʻaka hoʻomākeʻaka ʻana i ke "hana ʻana i kekahi mea" ʻo ia hoʻi ke kaua ʻana, ke kākoʻo ʻana iā NATO, a me ka paepae ʻana i ke "kuleana e pale aku," ʻoiai kekahi mea ʻē aʻe he "hana ʻole."

Aia nā ʻokoʻa i nā makahiki 1920 ma waena o ka poʻe i makemake i ka Hui o nā Aupuni a me ka ʻAha o ka Honua a me nā mea makemake ʻole. Akā ʻaʻohe hui i makemake i ka uhi ʻana i ka honua me nā kahua pūʻali koa US, a i ʻole ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka manaʻo kolohe loa o ka Monroe Kumukānāwai i ka hemisphere ʻē aʻe, a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka League of Nations me kahi ʻoihana e hōʻike wahaheʻe e hoʻokumu i ka noho aupuni holoʻokoʻa ʻoiai e kōkua pono ana i ka noho aliʻi ʻana o US . ʻO ka pre-1940 internationalists ka mea, he kīnā ʻole nā ​​lāhui āpau o US. ʻO lākou, e like me kā Wertheim i kākau ai, "i hiki ke ʻike iā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma ke ʻano he mea hōʻeuʻeu kūpono e koi ana i ka kaohi." ʻAʻole pono kekahi, i ka huaʻōlelo “hiki” ma laila.

He aha ka mea i loli? Aia ka piʻi ʻana o ka fascism a me ka komunism. Aia kekahi manaʻo e holo pono ʻole ka Hui o nā Aupuni. Loaʻa ka maikaʻi ʻole o nā hana disarmament. Aia ka manaʻoʻiʻo he aha ʻokoʻa ka mea i puka mai i waho o WWII. I Kepakemapa 1939, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻaha kūkā kamaʻilio haole e hana i nā hoʻolālā e hoʻolālā i ka honua ma hope o ke kaua (akā permawar). ʻO ka Roosevelt White House i ka 1940 e hoʻolālā ana no kahi honua ma hope o ke kaua i paʻa i ke kaulike o ka mana me nā Nazis. ʻO nā manaʻo hoʻoneʻe kaua, ma ka liʻiliʻi no nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, he ʻāpana nui loa ia o ka noʻonoʻo. "ʻO ka mea kūʻai aku i nā mea kaua i ka honua" ʻaʻole ia he poʻo inoa i manaʻo ʻia e kūlia ka United States.

ʻIke ʻo Wertheim i kahi huli i ka lanakila ʻana o Kelemania iā Farani. Ua hele wikiwiki mai ka hoʻololi ʻana i Mei-Iune, 1940. Ua hoʻolako kālā ka ʻAhaʻōlelo i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā moku nui loa o ka honua a hoʻokumu i kahi kikoʻī. Kūlike ʻole i nā kaʻao moʻomeheu kaulana, a me nā hoʻolaha i hoʻolei ʻia e Pelekikena Roosevelt, ʻaʻohe mea i makaʻu i ka hoʻouka kaua Nazi ʻana o ʻAmelika. ʻAʻole hoʻi i huki ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ke kīkē ʻana a me ka ʻuwā ʻana i kāna kuleana pono e uku i ka permawar ākea e nā kulekele kūloko kūpilikiʻi o ka Nazis a i ʻole kekahi mikionali e hoʻopakele i nā mea i hōʻeha ʻia mai ka luku ʻana o ka Nazi. Akā, makaʻu nā elite o nā kulekele ʻē aʻe i ka hopena ma ke kālepa honua a me nā pilina o ka honua i loaʻa kahi mana Nazi. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Roosevelt e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kahi honua kahi i noho luna ai ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i hoʻokahi hemisphere ma ke ʻano he paʻahao.

Pono ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e noho aliʻi ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i mea e noho ai i loko o ke ʻano o ka hoʻonohonoho honua āna i makemake ai. A ʻo ke kauoha honua wale nō āna i makemake ai ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻomalu ʻia. Ua ʻike anei ka poʻe hoʻolālā o US i kēia pono ke nānā lākou i nā hanana i ʻEulopa? A i ʻole ua ʻike lākou i kona hiki ke nānā lākou i ke aupuni o ʻAmelika e kūkulu nei i nā mea kaua a ua loaʻa i ka pelekikena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa nā pae emepaea hou? Maliʻa paha kekahi o kēlā me kēia. Pono ʻo Wertheim e kāhea i ko mākou manaʻo i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole i kamaʻilio nā luna o US e pili ana i ka pūʻali koa holoʻokoʻa ma mua o ka 1940, akā aia kekahi manawa ua kamaʻilio lākou e pili ana i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā mea liʻiliʻi ma mua o kā lākou mea kaua a me nā pūʻali koa e lawelawe ai. ʻAʻole nō he monolithic wale nō o nā leo, a he kuʻuna anti-imperialist mau nō ia, akā ua hoʻihoʻi hou ia i nā mea āna i lawe ai a hiki i ka hala ʻana o WWII ke hana nā mokulele a me nā lekiō i kahi ʻano aupuni hou (a ua hana ʻia kekahi mau kolone nā mokuʻāina akā ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe a ʻoi paha)?

ʻO ke aupuni US a me kāna mau aʻoaʻo aʻoaʻo ʻaʻole wale i ʻike he hiki iā lākou ke noho aliʻi i ka honua a pono lākou e noho aliʻi i ka honua, akā ʻo ia hoʻi - i nā ʻōlelo a General George V. Strong, ke poʻokela o ka pūʻali koa kaua o ka pūʻali koa - Kelemania hōʻike i ka "lanakila nui o ka lawehala ma luna o ka pale." ʻO ke kaua pale kaua kūpono he kaua hakakā ia, a ʻo kahi pahuhopu i ʻāpono ʻia o ia ka mea a Henry Luce i kapa aku ai he wahi noho a kāhea ʻo Hitler ʻO Lebensraum. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo nā elite o ʻAmelika ma o ke kaua wale nō lākou e komo ai i ke kālepa kūpono a me nā pilina. Hiki i kekahi ke mālama i kēia ma ke ʻano he nānā kūpono e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka fascism, ʻoiai ʻo kekahi o ka poʻe like e hana nei i ka nānā ʻana he mau ʻano fascistic, ua like ka pilikia me Kelemania no lākou i ka manawa wale nō i hoʻouka kaua i nā lāhui ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole ʻo Russia, a ʻaʻohe kānalua i ka noho paʻa ʻana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, kūloko, egalitaryly, ʻoluʻolu, a me ka mahalo i nā lāhui āpau, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike i ka pono o permawar i ka honua a puni - ʻaʻole i nānā iki iā ia no 75 mau makahiki. .

I ka makamua o ka makahiki 1941, ua nīnau kekahi ʻepekema politika o US ʻo Harold Vinacke, "I ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mokulele he mau kaukani o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hana pono ʻia kona pūʻali koa lehulehu, a me kāna moku kai ʻelua kai, he aha ia mea e hoʻohana ai lākou?" Ke noi nei nā luna i ka pono like ma o Madeline Albright lāua ʻo Donald Trump, me ka pane i ʻike ʻia e like me ka maopopo e like me nā "ʻoiaʻiʻo" aloha ʻāina. Ma ke kauwela 1941, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Roosevelt lāua ʻo Churchill i ka hui o ka honua i ka wā e hiki mai ana ma ka Charter Atlantika.

Inā ʻo ka hoʻokamani ka hoʻoleʻaleʻa a ka uku e uku ai i ka pono, ua koe kekahi mau pono i ka kaiāulu o US a me kāna ʻike ʻana i nā kulekele ʻē aʻe i ka manawa o WWII, no ka mea ʻo kahi mea nui o nā mea hoʻolālā ma hope o ke kaua pehea e kūʻai aku ai i ka hoʻomalu honua i ka lehulehu o US. a me ka hanana honua paha, a ʻoi paha ka mea nui iā lākou iho) ma ke ʻano he mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka mea. ʻO ka pane, ʻo ia nō, ʻo Nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa (me ka World Bank, etc.). Ua wehewehe ʻo Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o Nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa penei: "ʻo ka mea a mākou e koi ai he ʻāpana no nā mokuʻāina liʻiliʻi: ʻo kekahi hui e hiki ai iā lākou ke koho a manaʻo ʻia he poʻe lākou." Ma kā Roosevelt mau huaʻōlelo ma mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka UN, nā lāhui āpau akā ʻehā, i loko o kahi hui honua e hiki mai ana, e "puhi wale i ka mahu."

Ua manaʻo pū ʻo Roosevelt i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hui phony e ʻae iā ia e haʻi i ke kaua ma kahi o ka US Congress, ʻo ia hoʻi e hiki i kahi pelekikena US ke hoʻomaka i nā kaua i ka makemake - kahi mea e like me ka mea a mākou i ʻike ai no 75 mau makahiki i hala. Ua hoʻopiha ʻo NATO i kekahi manawa no kahi United Nations i hana hewa.

Ua manaʻo ʻo Roosevelt ua kau inoa ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa no ka mākaʻi o ka honua ke lanakila ʻo ia iā Hitler. ʻAʻole ʻo Roosevelt a me Wertheim e ʻōlelo ana ua hana ka Soviet Union i 80% o ka lanakila ʻana iā Hitler, ma hope o ka hana ʻana ma kahi o 0% o ka hana ʻana iā ia.

Akā ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki ke haʻalele i ka hana o ka cop o ka honua, no ka mea i komo ai i loko. ʻO ka nīnau i kēia manawa pehea. ʻO ke kālā a me ka bureaucratic a me nā media a me nā campaign-corruption makemake i nā hana āpau e kūʻē i ka hōʻoki ʻana i ka pūʻali koa permawar, e like me ka manaʻo o anti- "hoʻokaʻawale." Akā ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻeha ke ʻike i ka pono ʻole i ka manaʻo a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole mau me mākou.