Na Pat Elder, Okatoba 10, 2020
ʻO nā hopena hōʻike i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i kēia pule e ka St. Mary's River Watershed Association a me ke Keʻena ʻo Environment o Maryland (MDE) e hōʻike ana i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka pīpī PFAS i nā ʻōlio a me nā wai o ka muliwai e pili ana me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā kemika ma Webster Outlying Field o ka Patuxent River Naval Air Station (Webster Field) ma St. Inigoes, Maryland. Aia ke kumu ma kahi kokoke i ka lihi hema o St. Mary's County, MD.
Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa i nā ʻōtio i loko o ka muliwai e Church Point a ma St. Inigoes Creek i loaʻa ma mua o nā ʻāpana 1,000 ma ka trillion (ppt) o nā kemika ʻona loa. Ua kālailai ʻia nā ʻōlapa e Eurofins, kahi alakaʻi o ka honua i ka hoʻāʻo PFAS. Ua hana ʻia ke kālailai ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻAhahui Watershed o St. Mary a kākoʻo kālā ʻia e nā limahana lehulehu no ka kuleana kaiāulu, PEAR.
ia manawa, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka MDE ua hōʻike i nā pae o PFAS ma 13.45 ng / l (nanograms i kēlā me kēia lita, a i ʻole nā ʻāpana no ka triona) i loaʻa i ka wai o ka muliwai ma kahi o 2,300 kapuaʻi komohana o Webster Field. Ma muli o kēia mau hopena, ua hōʻike ka MDE, "ʻO nā hopena o ka loiloi loiloi olakino PFAS lehulehu no ka hōʻike ʻana i ka wai ma luna o ka leʻaleʻa a me ka ʻai ʻana o ka ʻōlio he haʻahaʻa loa ia." Ke nānā ʻia nei ka wai i hoʻohaumia ʻia e PFAS ma nā pae like i nā mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe, eia naʻe, hōʻike ʻia i loko o ka wai i loko nā pae kiʻekiʻe o nā toxins, ma muli o ke ʻano bio accumulative o nā kemika.
ʻO kahi ʻōpihi i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma Church Point ma ke Kulanui o St. Mary o Maryland i loko o 1,100 ppt o 6: 2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid, (FTSA) ʻoiai ua hoʻohaumia ʻia nā bivalves ma St. Inigoes Creek me 800 ppt o Perfluorobutanoic acid, (PFBA) a me 220 ppt o ka Perfluoropentanoic acid, (PFPeA).
Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe koʻikoʻi o ka lehulehu i nā luna olakino lehulehu ʻaʻole e ʻai ma mua o 1 ppt o nā mea make i kēlā me kēia lā i ka wai inu. Hoʻopili ʻia nā kemika PFAS i ka nui o nā maʻi ʻaʻai, nā maʻi fetal, a me nā maʻi o ke keiki, e like me ka autism, ka hānō, a me ka maʻi deficit attention. ʻAʻole pono ka poʻe e ʻai i kēia mau ʻōlio, keu hoʻi nā wahine hāpai paha.
Ma Maryland, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kuleana no ka mālama hoʻomaʻemaʻe o nā ʻōpena i waena o ʻekolu mau keʻena mokuʻāina: ʻo Maryland Department of Environment (MDE), Department of Natural Resources (DNR), a me ka Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DHMH). Ua pale ʻole kēia mau ʻoihana i ka olakino olakino ʻoiai ʻo kā Trump administration He mau pae mālie ko EPA e pili ana i ka haumia PFAS. Ke hoʻopiʻi ka mokuʻāina i ka Department of Defense no ka lāʻau ʻona a me ka wai, ua pane ka DOD ma ke koi ʻana i ka "immeite immolite" ʻo ia hoʻi ke mālama nei lākou i ke kuleana e hoʻohaumia i nā waikahe ma muli o nā manaʻo palekana aupuni.
Nānā kokoke loa aku i ka ʻepekema: nā ʻaihue hoʻohaumia
ʻOiai ua ʻōlelo ʻo MDE ʻaʻohe mea makaʻu a Wahi a nā luna o ka Navy ʻaʻohe mea hōʻike i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi PFAS ma ʻō aku o kona mau kumu, Kauka Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kyla Bennett PEER o ka ʻepekema ʻEpekema ua kaupalena ʻia ka hoʻokolohua ʻana o ka mokuʻāina e koi ai aia he olakino olakino e pili ana i ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻōpua.
"Pono mākou e ʻike hou aʻe," i ʻōlelo ʻo ia.
E like me ka Puke Pai Bay Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Bennett aia nā hemahema i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka mokuʻāina i hoʻohoka i kona hiki ke nānā pono i nā pilikia olakino. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia, ʻaʻole hiki i ka MDE hoʻāʻo ʻana ke hōʻiliʻili i kahi hui pilikia like ʻole ma nā pae o nā tausani mau ʻāpana no ka triona. Eia kekahi, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia, ua hoʻāʻo wale ka mokuʻāina i kāna mau laʻana āpau no 14 o nā mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o 8,000 mau pūhui PFAS i ʻike ʻia. "
"Hāʻawi ʻole lākou i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana no nā 36 [PFAS pūhui] āpau i kā lākou mau pūnaewele āpau, no ka mea he kiʻekiʻe loa nā palena o ka ʻike ʻana i ko lākou kūlohelohe, a hiki i ka 10,000 mau hapa o ka triona, e huki ai i ka hopena aia kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, manaʻo wau kuleana ʻole, "i ʻōlelo ʻo ia.
He ʻumi mau ʻokikō mai ka muliwai ʻo St. Mary i loaʻa ma kahi pā ʻōlio palai ma kahi hale ʻaina iʻa i loko o ka ʻāina i loaʻa he 500 mau ʻelala. Inā he 1,000 ppt o nā kemikal PFAS o kēlā me kēia kōpihi, like ia me 1 ʻāpana i kēlā me kēia piliona, a ua like ia me 1 nanogram no ka gram, (ng / g).
No laila, ʻo 1 ng / gx 500 g (10 mau ʻōlio) e like me 500 ng o PFAS.
I ka hala ʻole o ke kauwa pekelala a me ka mokuʻāina, hiki iā mākou ke nānā aku i ka European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) no ke alakaʻi, ʻoiai he nui nā luna olakino lehulehu i ʻōlelo he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kā lākou PFAS. Eia nō naʻe, aia mua ka poʻe ʻEulopa ma mua o ka US i ka pale ʻana i ke olakino lehulehu mai ka hōʻino ʻana o kēia mau kemika.
Ua hoʻonohonoho ka EFSA i kahi Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI) ma 4.4 nanograms no kilogram o ke kaumaha o ke kino. (4.4 ng / kg / wk) no nā kemika PFAS i ka meaʻai.
No laila, hiki i kekahi mea ke kaumaha ana i 150 paona (68 kilo) ke "palekana" hoʻopau 300 nanograms i kēlā me kēia pule. (ng / wk) [ma kahi o 68 x 4.4] o nā kemika PFAS.
E ʻōlelo mākou e hoʻopau ana kekahi i kahi pāʻina o 10 mau ʻōlio palai i kaupaona ʻia he 500 gram (.5 kg) i loaʻa he 500 ng / kg o nā kemika PFAS.
[.5 kg ʻōtika x 1,000 ng PFAS / kg = 500 ngs o PFAS i kēlā pāʻina.]
ʻ saylelo ka poʻe ʻEulopa ʻaʻole pono mākou e komo i nā nanogram he 300 i kēlā me kēia pule o nā kemika PFAS, no laila, ua ʻoi aku ka pā o ka ʻōlio palai i kēlā pae. Inā kū mākou i ke kuleana 1 ppt i kēlā me kēia lā palena i lanakila ʻia e ke Kula ʻo Harvard Health Public a i ʻole ka Pūʻulu Hana Kūlohelohe, e kaupalena ʻia mākou i ka ʻai ʻana i ka oyster o ka wai o St. Mary i kēlā me kēia ʻelua mahina. I kēia manawa, ʻōlelo ʻo Maryland he "haʻahaʻa loa" nā pilikia olakino mai kēia ʻōsters.
Hoʻomau ʻia kēia pilikia olakino lehulehu e nā hoʻolaha pāpāho e hoʻolohe pono i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka mokuʻāina a me nā pūʻali koa e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka loiloi koʻikoʻi. He aha ka manaʻo o ka lehulehu? ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo wai ka mea e hilinaʻi ai ka lehulehu? Ke Kula olakino o Harvard? ka Mana Maluhia o ka Mea ʻAi ʻEulopa? a i ʻole ka ʻĀina o ke Kaiāulu ʻo Maryland i hana ʻia e ka Repubalika me kahi moʻolelo walohia o ka hoʻopiʻi kūlohelohe e hana nei ma lalo o ka EPA pau ʻole.
Mai ʻai i nā ʻōlio.
ʻLelo ʻo EFSA kēlā "iʻa a me nā iʻa iʻa ʻē aʻe" a hiki i ka 86% o ka hōʻike PFAS papaʻai i nā mākua. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia hōʻike e ka hoʻohana hewa ʻole o nā ahi ahi ma nā kahua koa mai ka wā mua o 1970. ʻO nā meaʻai i ulu ʻia mai nā māla i uhi ʻia e ka lepo PFAS-laden mai nā pūʻali koa a me nā ʻoihana ʻona, ua inu ʻia ka wai inu mai nā kumuwaiwai like, a ʻo nā huahana mea kūʻai aku he hapa i koe o nā kumuwaiwai e kōkua ana i ka lawe ʻana o ka lehulehu i ka PFAS.
no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lepili o ka Patuxent River Naval Air Station.
Nānā kokoke loa aku i ka ʻepekema: Ka wai haumia
ʻO nā ʻikepili i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e MDE e hōʻike ana i nā pae o 13.45 ng / l i ka muliwai ʻo St. Mary kokoke i Webster Field weliweli loa no ka mea lawe lākou i kahi haumia nui o nā wai wai āpau i ka wai wai. ʻO ka kiʻekiʻe ʻae ʻia no ka PFAS ma ka European Union is .13 ng / l ma kai kai. ʻO nā pae ma ka wai o St. Mary he 103 mau manawa o kēlā pae.
In Lake Monoma, Wisconsin, kokoke i Truax Field Air National Guard Base, hoʻohaumia ʻia ka wai me 15 ng / l o PFAS. Ua kaupalena nā luna i ka ʻai ʻana i ka carp, ka pīkoi, ka bass, a me ka perch i hoʻokahi pāʻina i ka mahina, ʻoiai he nui nā luna olakino i ʻōlelo he ʻae ʻole ka ʻai.
Ma ka ʻĀpana Hema Hema o ke Kapakai ʻo Kapalakiko, loaʻa i loko o ka wai kai he 10.87 ng / l o nā kemika PFAS. (lalo o St. Mary's) E nānā i ka Papa 2a. Loaʻa nā Bivalves ma 5.25 ng / g, a i ʻole 5,250 ppt. Ua loaʻa kahi Pacific Staghorn Sculpin ma kahi kokoke me 241,000 ppt. o PFAS. Pēlā nō, ma Eden Landing ma ke kahakai ʻo Kapalakiko, ua loaʻa ka wai i loko o 25.99 ng / l, ʻoiai he 76,300 ppt o nā toxins i hoʻokahi bivalve.
I New Jersey, ʻo ka Echo Lake Reservoir he 24.3 ng / l a loaʻa ka muliwai ʻo Cohansey i 17.9 ng / l o ka nui o ka PFAS. Ua loaʻa ʻo Largemouth Bass i ka Echo Lake Reservoir i loaʻa iā 5,120 ppt o ka nui o ka PFAS ʻoiai ʻo ka Cohansey River he White Perch i loaʻa iā 3,040 ppt o PFAS. Nui nā ʻikepili i loaʻa mai nā mokuʻāina i pale aku i ka olakino lehulehu ma mua o Maryland. ʻO ke kuhi ma aneʻi ka hapa nui o kēia mau kemika PFAS i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka ola wai a me nā kānaka.
I ka makahiki 2002, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi i hōʻike ʻia ma ka puke pai, Environmental Contamination and Toxicology i hōʻike ʻia ma he laʻana ʻōpihi i loaʻa iā 1,100 ng / g a i ʻole 1,100,000 ppt o PFOS, ka mea kaulana loa o ka PFAS "kemikū mau loa." Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka ʻōlima ma Hog Point ma ke kahakai ʻo Chesapeake, ma kahi o 3,000 mau kapuaʻi mai ke alaloa o ka Patuxent River Naval Air Station. I kēia lā, ka hōʻike hou mai ka MDE ua loaʻa ka laʻana o ka wai o luna a me nā ʻelike i ka wahi like no PFAS i loaʻa "ʻaʻohe pae o ka hopohopo."
