Na David Swanson
Ua kapa ʻia ka puke hou maikaʻi loa a Chris Woods ʻO ka hoʻoponopono koke: ʻo nā kaua Drone huna a ʻAmelika. ʻO ke poʻo inoa mai kahi koi a Pelekikena George W. Bush i hana no nā kaua drone. Hōʻike maoli ka puke i kahi moʻolelo o ka hana pono ʻole. ʻO ke ala mai kahi aupuni US nāna i hoʻāhewa i ke ʻano o ka pepehi kanaka i hoʻohana ʻia e nā drones no ka mea e mālama i nā pepehi kanaka ma ke ʻano he kānāwai kūpono a me ka hana maʻamau.
Hoʻomaka ka pepehi kanaka Drone i ʻOkakopa 2001 a, ʻo ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ka hahau mua i pepehi i ka poʻe hewa. ʻO ka pāʻani hewa e pili ana i ka hakakā no ka mālama ʻana ma waena o ka Air Force, CENTCOM, a me CIA. Hiki ke hoʻopuka ʻia ka lapuwale o ka hakakā ʻana ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻōlelo "E noʻonoʻo ʻoe he dia ʻoe" ma ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni. ʻO koʻu Cousin Vinny: E noʻonoʻo ʻoe he Iraqi ʻoe. Ke hele nei ʻoe, make wai ʻoe, kū ʻoe no ka inu wai maʻemaʻe… BAM! ʻO ka pahi kaua fuckin e haehae iā ʻoe. Ke kau nei kou lolo ma luna o ka lāʻau i nā ʻāpana koko liʻiliʻi! I kēia manawa ke nīnau nei au iā ʻoe. Makemake ʻoe i kahi ʻoihana e hana nei ke keiki a kahi wahine pana iā ʻoe?
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻoihana e hana ai ma mua o ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana he kānāwai. Ua hoʻomaka nā alakaʻi o ka hui CIA i nā kauoha e pepehi ma mua o ka hopu ʻana, a pēlā lākou i hana ai. E like me ke ʻano o ka Air Force a me ka pūʻali koa. He mea moʻolelo kēia i ka wā e pili ana i ka pepehi kanaka ʻana i nā poʻe i kapa ʻia e kūʻē i ka nui o nā ʻenemi inoa ʻole. Wahi a Paul Pillar, ka hope poʻokela o ka CIA's Counter Terrorism Center i ka hopena o nā makahiki 1990, "Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole makemake ka Hale Paʻa e kau pono ma ka pepa i kekahi mea e ʻike ʻia he ʻae e pepehi kanaka, akā makemake ʻo ia i nā mea hou aku. he wink-a-nod e pepehi iā bin Laden.
I nā mahina mua o Bush-Cheney, ua hakakā ka Air Force a me CIA e hoʻokau i ka papahana pepehi kanaka ma luna o kekahi. ʻAʻole hoʻi i makemake e hoʻopau i loko o ka puʻu pilikia no kekahi mea ʻaʻohe kānāwai. Ma hope o Kepakemapa 11, haʻi ʻo Bush iā Tenet hiki i ka CIA ke hele i mua a pepehi kanaka me ka noi ʻole ʻana i kāna ʻae i kēlā me kēia manawa. ʻO kekahi kumu hoʻohālike no kēia, ʻo ia ka papahana pepehi kanaka i manaʻo ʻia e ka ʻIseraʻela, kahi i hōʻole ʻia e ke aupuni US ma ke kānāwai a hiki i 9-11-2001. ʻO ka Senatoa ʻAmelika mua ʻo George Mitchell ka mea kākau alakaʻi o kahi hōʻike aupuni US ʻApelila 2001 e ʻōlelo ana e hoʻōki a hoʻōki ka ʻIseraʻela, a ua hoʻohewa ʻo ia i kāna hana ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kūʻē mai ka hoʻoweliweli.
Pehea i hele ai ke aupuni US mai laila aku i kahi "Homeland Security Department" e aʻo ai i nā mākaʻi kūloko e noʻonoʻo i nā mea kūʻē i nā mea hoʻoweliweli? ʻO ka pane: ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻano a me ka moʻomeheu ma mua o ke kānāwai a i ʻole ka ʻōlelo hoʻokolokolo. Ma ka hopena o ka makahiki 2002, ua nīnau ʻia ke Keʻena Mokuʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika i loko o kahi hālāwai kūkā no ke kumu i hoʻāhewa ʻia ai ka pepehi kanaka ʻIseraʻela akā ʻaʻole like nā pepehi kanaka US. No ke aha ka papalua? ʻAʻohe pane o ka Moku'āina, a ua hoʻōki wale i ka hoʻohewa ʻana i ka ʻIseraʻela. Ua noho mālie ke aupuni US no nā makahiki, akā naʻe, e pili ana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kekahi o ka poʻe āna i pepehi ai he mau kamaʻāina ʻAmelika. ʻAʻole i mākaukau pono ke kahua no ka lehulehu e ale i kēlā.
ʻO kekahi mau ʻekolu hapaha o nā pahu drone US aia ma nā kahua kaua i manaʻo ʻia. Ma ke ʻano he mea kaua ma waena o nā mea he nui i ke kaua e kū nei, ua manaʻo ʻia nā drones i ke kānāwai e nā loio a me nā pūʻulu kuleana kanaka ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o ka hapa liʻiliʻi o ke kanaka nona nā aupuni e hana nei i ka pepehi kanaka drone - me ka "United Nations" e lawelawe ana i kēlā aupuni. ʻAʻole i wehewehe ʻia ke kānāwai o ke kaua, akā ʻo kēia lima lima he wāwae i ka puka no ka ʻae ʻana i nā pepehi kanaka drone. ʻO ka manawa wale nō i pepehi ai nā drones i nā poʻe ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe kahi i hoʻomaka ʻole ai ke kaua, ʻo kekahi loio - me kekahi o ka 750 i hoʻopaʻa inoa i kahi palapala noi e kākoʻo i ka ʻae ʻana iā Harold Koh (ka mea nāna i hōʻoia i ka pepehi kanaka drone no ke Keʻena Moku'āina) e aʻo i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kānāwai pono kanaka ma ke Kulanui o New York - ʻike i kekahi pono e hoʻohui i nā kumu. ʻAʻole i ʻae ka UN i nā kaua ma Afghanistan a me Iraq a me Libya, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hana ma lalo o ka Kellogg Briand Pact, akā naʻe ua lawe ʻia nā kaua kūʻokoʻa e like me ke kānāwai i ka nui o nā pepehi kanaka drone. Mai laila mai, hiki i kahi sophistry liberal liʻiliʻi ke "hōʻoia" i ke koena.
Ua haʻi aku ʻo Asma Jahangir o ka United Nations Human Rights Council i ka pepehi kanaka kaua drone i ka hopena o 2002. Ua ʻike ʻo UN investigator (a me ka hoa kānāwai o ka wahine a Tony Blair) ʻo Ben Emmerson i ka ʻike US, hiki i ke kaua ke hele a puni ka honua. i nā wahi a pau i hele ai ka poʻe ʻino, pēlā e hana ai i ka pepehi kanaka drone ma nā wahi āpau e like me ke kānāwai ʻole e like me nā kaua ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke kānāwai ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia e kekahi. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka manaʻo o ka CIA, e like me ka wehewehe ʻana i ka ʻaha kūkā e CIA General Counsel Caroline Krass i ka makahiki 2013, ʻo ia ka hiki ke uhai ʻia nā kuʻikahi a me nā kānāwai kuʻuna honua ma ka makemake, ʻoiai ʻo ke kānāwai kūloko o ʻAmelika e pono e mālama ʻia. (A, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā kānāwai kūloko o ʻAmelika e kūʻē i ka pepehi kanaka ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e like paha me nā kānāwai Pakistani a i ʻole Yemeni e kūʻē i ka pepehi kanaka ma Pakistan a i Yemen, akā ʻaʻole like ka ʻike, a ʻo nā kānāwai US wale nō ka mea nui.)
ʻO ka ulu nui ʻana o ka pepehi kanaka drone ma waena o nā loio imperialist Western i alakaʻi i nā hoʻāʻo maʻamau a pau e hoʻololi i ka hewa a puni nā ʻaoʻao: proportionality, hoʻopaʻa pono, etc. Akā ʻo ka "proportionality" mau i ka maka o ka mea pepehi. Ua pepehi ʻia ʻo Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, me nā poʻe hewa ʻole like ʻole, i ka wā i haʻi aku ai ʻo Stanley McChrystal he "kūlike" ka puhi ʻana i kahi hale holoʻokoʻa e pepehi kanaka hoʻokahi. ʻO ia? ʻAʻole anei? ʻAʻohe pane maoli. ʻO ka haʻi ʻana i ka pepehi kanaka "kūlike" ʻo ia wale nō ka ʻōlelo a nā loio i haʻi aku i nā poʻe kālai'āina a me nā generals e noi i ka pepehi kanaka. I hoʻokahi pahu drone ma 2006, ua pepehi ka CIA i kahi 80 mau kānaka hala ʻole, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he mau keiki. Ua hōʻike ʻo Ben Emmerson i ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole. Akā, ʻaʻole i hāpai ʻia ka nīnau no ka "proportionality", no ka mea, ʻaʻole ia he ʻōlelo kōkua i kēlā hihia. I ka wā o ka noho ʻana ma Iraq, hiki i nā luna o ʻAmelika ke hoʻolālā i nā hana a lākou i manaʻo ai e pepehi a hiki i 30 mau kānaka hala ʻole, akā inā manaʻo lākou he 31 pono lākou e kiʻi iā Donald Rumsfeld e kau inoa ma luna. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ke kānāwai i kūpono i ka pepehi kanaka drone, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka manawa i hoʻololi hou ʻia kekahi "kāne ʻelemakule koa" ma ke ʻano he ʻenemi. Ke helu nei ka CIA i nā wahine a me nā keiki hala ʻole he ʻenemi, e like me ka New York Times.
I ka laha ʻana o nā pepehi kanaka drone i nā makahiki Bush-Cheney (ma hope a pahū loa i nā makahiki o Obama) ua hauʻoli ke kūlana a me ka faila i ka kaʻana like ʻana i nā wikiō a puni. Ua hoʻāʻo nā luna e hoʻōki i ka hana. A laila hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻokuʻu i nā wikiō i koho ʻia me ka hūnā ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe a pau.
Ma muli o ka hana maʻamau o ka pepehi kanaka me nā drones ma nā ʻāina kahi i ʻae ʻole ʻia ai ka pepehi kanaka nui ʻia e ka hae o ke "kaua", ua hoʻomaka nā hui pono kanaka e like me Amnesty International e hōʻike maopopo i ka ʻae ʻana o ʻAmelika i ke kānāwai. Akā i ka hala ʻana o nā makahiki, ua nalowale kēlā ʻōlelo maopopo, ua pani ʻia e ke kānalua a me ka maopopo ʻole. I kēia mau lā, kākau nā pūʻulu kuleana kanaka i nā hihia he nui o ka pepehi kanaka hewa ʻole a haʻi aku iā lākou he hewa paha ma muli o ke ʻano o ke kaua a ʻaʻole paha, me ka nīnau inā he ʻāpana o ke kaua i wehe ʻia ka pepehi kanaka ma kekahi ʻāina. e like me ka mea hiki, a me ka pane e waiho ana ma ka manaʻo o ke aupuni e hoʻokuʻu ana i nā drones.
I ka pau ʻana o nā makahiki Bush-Cheney, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā lula o ka CIA mai ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā drone pepehi kanaka i kēlā me kēia manawa i loaʻa iā lākou ka 90% manawa o ka "holomua" i kēlā me kēia manawa he 50% manawa. A pehea i ana ʻia ai kēia? ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻopau ʻia e ka hana "hōʻailona hōʻailona" kahi i pepehi ʻia ai nā kānaka me ka ʻike ʻole ʻo wai lākou. Ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻo Beretania i ke ala no ka pepehi ʻana i kona poʻe kamaʻāina ma ke kāʻili ʻana i ko lākou kamaʻāina e like me ka mea e pono ai.
Ua hele kēia mau mea a pau ma kahi huna o ke aupuni, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua ʻike ʻia e ka poʻe makemake e ʻike, akā ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia e kamaʻilio ʻia. Ua ʻae ka lālā lōʻihi loa o ke komite kiaʻi o Kelemania e hilinaʻi nui ana nā aupuni o ke Komohana i ka media e ʻike i ka hana a kā lākou mau kiu a me nā pūʻali koa.
ʻO ka hōʻea ʻana mai o Kāpena Peace Prize ma ka Hale Paʻa ua lawe i nā pepehi kanaka drone i kahi pae hou, hoʻohaunaele i nā lāhui e like me Yemen, a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka poʻe hala ʻole i nā ala hou, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea hoʻopakele i hōʻea i ke koko koko o kahi hahau mua. E puhi i hope i ka US i hāpai ʻia, a me ka puhi ʻana i nā heluna kūloko e nā hui e ʻōlelo nei e hana ana i ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana no ka pepehi kanaka drone US. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia nā drones pōʻino i nā wahi e like me Libya i ka wā o ka hoʻokahuli ʻana o 2011 US-NATO i kumu e hoʻi ai i hope, akā he kumu no ka pepehi ʻana i nā drone hou. Ke ulu nei ka haunaele ma Yemen, i wānana ʻia e ka poʻe nānā e kuhikuhi ana i nā hopena kūʻē o nā drones, ua ʻōlelo ʻia he kūleʻa e Obama. Ke pepehi nei nā mea hoʻokele drone i kēia manawa a me ke kaumaha o ka pono i nā helu he nui, akā ʻaʻohe mea e huli i hope. He 90% ka nui o ka Yemen's National Dialogue i makemake e hoʻopaʻi hewa ʻia nā drones kaua, akā makemake ka US State Department e kūʻai pū kekahi i nā ʻāina o ka honua.
Ma mua o ka hoʻopau ʻana a i ʻole ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka papahana pepehi kanaka drone, ua hoʻomaka ka Obama White House e pale aku i ka lehulehu a hoʻolaha i ke kuleana o ka Pelekikena i ka ʻae ʻana i nā pepehi kanaka. A i ʻole ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻo ia ka papa ma hope o Harold Koh a me ka hui i ʻike i ke ʻano o kā lākou makemake e hoʻohālike i ka "hoʻokō" i ka pepehi kanaka. ʻOiai ʻo Ben Emmerson i ʻōlelo ai ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i nā kumu e hoʻohana ai. E loaʻa anei i nā ʻumi o nā aupuni i kēia manawa nā drones i mea e pono ai ke kumu?
