Nā makahiki heʻumikumamālima ma Afghanistan: Nā nīnau hoʻokahi, nā'ōlelo hoʻokahi-A me nā manawa houʻehā o ka hoʻokahi

Na Ann Wright.

I Kēkēmapa 2001, ma kahi o ʻumikūmālima mau makahiki aku nei, aia wau ma ka hui liʻiliʻi ʻelima mau kānaka i wehe hou i ka US Embassy ma Kabul, Afghanistan. I kēia manawa he ʻumikūmālima mau makahiki ma hope mai, ʻo nā nīnau like a mākou i nīnau ai ma kahi o ʻelua mau makahiki i hala aku nei e nīnau ʻia nei e pili ana i ka komo ʻana o US ma Afghanistan a ke loaʻa nei iā mākou nā pane like.  

ʻO nā nīnau he: no ke aha mākou i noho ai i Afghanistan no nā makahiki heʻumikumamālima a mahea lā i loaʻa ai nā piliona kālā i hoʻokomoʻia e ka US i Afghanistan?  

A like nā pane i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma hope o ka makahiki - aia ka US ma Afghanistan e luku i nā Taliban a me al Qaeda, (a i kēia manawa nā pūʻulu kipi ʻē aʻe i hiki ʻole iā lākou ke hoʻouka aku iā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. No nā makahiki he ʻumikūmālima, ua hoʻāʻo ka pūʻali koa holomua a loaʻa kālā maikaʻi ʻia ma ka honua e lanakila i ka Taliban a me Al Qaeda, ʻo ia nō ka pūʻali koa militia i loaʻa kālā ʻole a lako pono ʻole ʻia i ka honua, a ʻaʻole i kūleʻa. 

Ma hea i hala ke kālā? Ua hele nui i Dubai no nā keʻena a me nā condos no nā alakaʻi o Afghanistan a me nā mea hana aelike (US, Afghanistan a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) i loaʻa miliona miliona mai ka US komo i Afghanistan.

Ma ka lāʻo Fepuari 9,ʻo 2017, ka luna kānāwai o ka Senate Armed Services e hoʻolohe ana iā Afghanistan,ʻo John Nicholson, ka luna hoʻomalu o nā US US i Afghanistan, pane i nā nīnau noʻelua hola i ka Senate e pili ana i ka komoʻana o US i Afghanistan. Ua hoʻouna pū akuʻo ia i kahi palapala he iwakālua o ka palapala e pili ana i ka manawa o Afghanistan. http://www.armed-services. senate.gov/imo/media/doc/ Nicholson_02-09-17.pdf

I ka pane ʻana i kahi nīnau a kekahi Kenekoa, “E komo ana paha ʻo Rūsia ma Afghanistan? kauoha e hōʻino i ka nuʻukia US a me NATO. ʻO ka Taliban ka mea waena e hana ai nā hui ʻoi loa i Afghanistan. Ke hopohopo nei mākou i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hana ʻana ma waena o Rūsia a me Pakistan e hoʻomau nei i ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi laʻa no ke alakaʻi kiʻekiʻe o Taliban. Ua mālama ʻia ʻo Rūkia a me Pakistan i nā hoʻoikaika kino pūʻali koa ma Pakistan. Ke hopohopo nei mākou a me nā mea kōkua ʻAkika Central e pili ana i ka manaʻo Lūkini. "

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Nicholson "e hoʻomau ʻia ka holomua ma ka nuʻukia US o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, aʻoaʻo a loiloi (TAA) i nā pūʻali palekana Afghanistan." ʻAʻohe Senator i nīnau no ke aha ma hope o 16 mau makahiki e hoʻomau ka US i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa like-a pehea ka lōʻihi o kēia ʻano hoʻomaʻamaʻa e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā pūʻali i hiki ke lanakila i ka Taliban a me nā hui ʻē aʻe. 

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Nicholson ua hana ʻo US a me NATO i ka palena iki o ʻehā mau makahiki hou ma Afghanistan ma ka hālāwai kūkā o NATO ma Warsaw, Polani i Iulai 2016. Ma kahi ʻaha kūkā kamaʻilio ma Brussels i ʻOkakopa 2016, ua hāʻawi nā ʻāina hāʻawi he 75 i $ 15 biliona no ka hoʻomau hou ʻana o ke kūkulu hou ʻana. Apekanikana. E hoʻomau ka US i ka hāʻawi ʻana i $ 5 biliona i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma o 2020. https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/ quarterlyreports/2017-01-30qr. pdf

I kāna ʻōlelo i kākau ai ʻo Nicholson ua hoʻohui ʻo 30 mau lāhui ʻē aʻe i hoʻohiki ʻoi aku ma mua o $ 800M i kēlā me kēia makahiki e uku kālā i ka Pūʻali Koa a me nā Puʻukū ʻAmelika (ANDSF) a hiki i ka hopena o 2020 a i Sepatemaba, ua hoʻohui ʻo India i $ 1B i $ 2B i hāʻawi mua ʻia iā ia. Ka ulu ʻana o Afghanistan.

Mai ka 2002, ua hoʻolālā ka US Congress i nā kālā he $ 117 no ke kūkulu houʻiaʻana o Afghanistan (ke aʻoʻana i nā pūʻali koa o Afghanistan, e kū ana i ke aupuni o Afghanistan, e hāʻawi ana i ka mālama ola a me ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻana i nā kānaka o Afghanistan, a me ka hoʻolālāʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai oʻAmelika),ʻo ka hapa nui loa i kūkulu houʻia kekahi'āina ma ka moʻolelo oʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa.  https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/ quarterlyreports/2017-01-30qr. pdf

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Nicholson he 8,448 mau pūʻali koa US ma Afghanistan i kēia manawa e noho pono e pale aku i ka US mai nā hui kipi i Afghanistan a me Pakistan ma kahi o 20 o ka 98 i hoʻonoho ʻia nā pūʻulu hoʻoweliweli i ka honua. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻaʻohe hana ma waena o Afghanistan Taliban a me ISIS, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea hakakā ISIS mai / ma o ka Taliban Pakistan.

I hoʻokahi makahiki i hala aku nei, ma ka lā o Malaki 2016, aia ma kahi o 28,600 ka nui o nā limahana ʻoihana Defense (DOD) ma Afghanistan, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 8,730 pūʻali koa US, me nā limahana o ka ʻaelike ma kahi o 77% o ka huina DOD i kū i ka ʻāina. ʻO nā limahana hana DOD 28,600, 9,640 he mau lāhui US a ma kahi o 870, a i ʻole ma kahi o 3%, nā mea hana palekana pilikino. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/ natsec/R44116.pdf

Ma muli o ka nohoʻana o nā pūʻali koa i ka makahiki i hala, e hoʻopuka houʻia ana ka heluna o nā mea hana lima kūloko e like me ka 2017 no ka hōʻailona holoʻokoʻa o nā mea kaua o 37,000 US a me nā kālepa DOD i Afghanistan.

ʻO ka helu nui loa o nā koa US ma Afghanistanʻo 99,800 ia ma ka hapa lua o 2011 aʻo ka helu nui loa o nā mea hana hoʻolālā koa i 117,227 o 34,765 ka poʻe US i loaʻa i ka hapa lua o 2012 no ka heluna o nā mea lawelawe o 200,000 US ma ka'āina, koe wale nā ​​mea hana a ka 'Oihana a me nā mea hana kālepa.  https://fas.org/sgp/crs/ natsec/R44116.pdf   ʻAʻole loaʻa nāʻikepili ma nā helu o nā limahana o ka Moku'āina a me nā kuʻikahi ma kēlā me kēia makahiki ma Afghanistan.

Mai ʻOkakopa 2001 a 2015, 1,592 ka poʻe hana aelike pilikino (ma kahi o 32 pākēneka o lākou he poʻe ʻAmelika) i hana pū ʻia ma nā ʻoihana ʻoihana Defense i make pū i Afghanistan. I ka 2016, ʻoi aku ʻelua mau manawa i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea hana pilikino pilikino i pepehi ʻia ma Afghanistan ma mua o ka pūʻali koa US (56 mau pūʻali koa US a me 101 mau mea hana aelike i make)

http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/ 05/29/the-new-unknown- soldiers-of-afghanistan-and- iraq/

Ua nīnau ʻo Senator McCaskill iā Nicholson i nā nīnau paʻakikī e pili ana i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka hana kolohe a me ka palaho ma waena o ke aupuni o Afghanistan a me nā ʻaelike kūloko a kūwaho hoʻi. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Nicholson ma hope o ʻumikūmālima mau makahiki, manaʻo ʻo ia ua hiki nō i ka US ke hoʻomaopopo i nā koa "ʻuhane" ma ka uku pūʻali koa a hooki i nā uku i ke alakaʻi koa nāna i waiho i nā inoa. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻohui ʻo Nicholson e like me ka hōʻike hou a ka US Department of State Inspector General e pili ana i ka hana kolohe a me ka palaho i ka papa ʻaelike i ʻōlelo ʻia he $ 200 miliona no nā uku i uku ʻia i nā mea ʻaelike no kahi ʻaelike $ 1 biliona no nā lako ʻaihue i hopena i ka paʻa o ka manaʻo no kekahi pūkaua Afghanistan a me pāpā ʻia nā mea hoʻopili ʻehā mai ke koho ʻana i nā ʻaelike. ʻO nā uku i nā "ʻuhane ʻuhane" a me nā uku i uku ʻia no ka petrolina ke kumu nui o ka palaho i kēia manawa ma Afghanistan. https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/ quarterlyreports/2017-01-30qr. pdf

Ua nīnau hou aku kekahi Kenekoa nona ka mokuʻāina e nā overdosis lāʻau i nīnau aku ai, "Me ka nui o ka make o ka US mai ka nui o nā lāʻau i hiki mai ka opiates e hele mai ana mai Afghanistan, no ke aha i hoʻopau ʻole ai ʻo US / NATO i nā māla opium poppy ma Afghanistan?" Pane akula ʻo Nicholson: ”ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu, ʻaʻole ia ko mākou ʻaoʻao koa. Pono e hana i kekahi ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. "

'Ōlelo akuʻo Nicholson i ka loaʻaʻana o ka pōmaikaʻi i nā hana no ka hoʻolauleʻaʻana me nā Taliban a me nā poʻe'ē aʻe. Ma ka lāʻo Ianuali 29, 2016, heʻehā mau makahiki kaua e kū'ē i ka Soviet Union, nā koa'ē aʻe i ka wā o ke kaua aupuni, ka Taliban a me ka US / NATO,ʻo Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, ke alakaʻi o Hezb-e Islami i hailona i kahiʻaha aloha me ke aupuni o Afghanistan ʻO ka militia 20,000 a me ko lākou mauʻohana i Afghanistan.  https://www.afghanistan- analysts.org/peace-with- hekmatyar-what-does-it-mean- for-battlefield-and-politics/

'Ōlelo akuʻo Nicholson e hoʻoikaika ana kekahi mau mea o Afghanistan e hoʻololi i nā pilikino i hoʻonohonohoʻia e ka hui i ka nui o ke kālā a me ka maluhia.

Ma kahi leka uila https://www.veteransforpeace. org/pressroom/news/2017/01/30/ open-letter-donald-trump-end- us-war-afghanistan i ka Pelekikena Trump e hoʻopau i ke kauaʻo Afghanistan, he nui nā hui a me nā poʻe i noi aku i ka pelekikena hou o US e hoʻopau i ka lōʻihi lōʻihi ma ka moʻolelo o ka'āina:

"Ke kālepaʻana i nā kāne kāne a me nā wāhineʻAmelika ma kahi mīkini make a make paha i hanaʻia i ka 15 makahiki i hala aku nei he mea nui e noi. Manaʻo nui lākou i kēlāʻoihana. Hiki i kēlāʻike ke kōkua i ka weheweheʻana i kēia:ʻo ka mea pepehi kiʻekiʻe loa i nā pūʻali koa US ma Afghanistanʻo ka pepehi kanaka. ʻO ka lua o ka mea pepehi nui loa i ka pūʻali koaʻAmelika e'ōmaʻomaʻo ana i ka uliuli, aiʻole ke keiki'ōpio oʻAmelika i kākoʻoʻia e kaʻAmelika e hoʻololi ana i kā lākou mau mea kaua i kā lākou mau kumu! Uaʻikeʻoe iā ia, E'ōlelo ana: "E hele kākou ma waho o Afghanistan. Ua pepehiʻia kā mākou mau pūʻali e ko Afghanistan poʻe e aʻo ana iā mākou a ua hoʻoneʻu mākou i nā piliona ma laila. ʻAʻohe'ōlelo wahaheʻe! E kūkulu hou i ka USA. "

ʻO ka hoʻokuʻuʻiaʻana o nā pūʻali koa US e lilo i mea maikaʻi no ka poʻe o Afghanistan, no ka mea,ʻo ka hōʻeuʻeuʻana o nā koa o nā haole i mea pale i ka'ōlelo hoʻomalu. ʻO nā Afghans pono'ī lākou e hoʻoholo i ko lākou pono e hiki mai ana, a hiki iā lākou ke hana pēlā i ka manawa e pau ai ke kāohiʻana o nā haole.

Ke noi aku nei mākou iāʻoe e hoʻololi i kaʻaoʻao e pili ana i kēia hana hōʻeuʻeu kaua. E hōʻuluʻulu mai i nā pūʻali koa US a pau mai Afghanistan. Hoʻokuʻu i nā USirstrifrikes a ma kahi o ka hapa liʻiliʻi o ke kumukūʻai, e kōkua i nā poʻe oʻAmelika eʻai i nā meaʻai, mea hoʻomaha, a me nā meaʻai. "

He ʻumikūmālima mau makahiki o nā nīnau like a me nā pane like e pili ana i ke kaua ʻo Afghanistan. ʻO ka manawa kēia e hoʻopau ai i ke kaua.

E pili ana i ka mea kākau: Ua lawelawe ʻo Ann Wright i nā makahiki 29 ma ka US Army / Army Reserve a ua hoʻomaha ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kolone. Ua lawelawe ʻo ia i 16 mau makahiki ma ke ʻano he diplomat US ma Nicaragua, Grenada, Somalia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Sierra Leone, Micronesia, Afghanistan a me Mongolia. Ua haʻalele ʻo ia mai ke aupuni US ma Malaki 2003 i ke kūʻē ʻana i ke kaua a Pelekikena Bush ma ʻIraka. Mai kona wā i haʻalele ai, ua hoʻi ʻo ia i Afghanistan i ʻekolu mau manawa a i Pakistan hoʻokahi.