by Nūhou CO-OP, Kepakemapa 17, 2021
Ernst Friedrich (1894-1967)
ʻO Ernst Friedrich, ka mea hoʻokumu o ka Anti-War Museum ma Berlin, i hānau ʻia ma Pepeluali 25th 1894 ma Breslau. I kona mau makahiki mua ua hana ʻo ia i ka neʻe ʻōpio proletarian. I ka 1911, ma hope o ka haki ʻana i kahi haumāna ma ke ʻano he mīkini paʻi, ua lilo ʻo ia i lālā o ka Social Democratic Party (SPD). I ka 1916 ua komo ʻo ia i ka ʻōpio anti-militaristic limahana limahana a hoʻopaʻi ʻia i ka hale paʻahao ma hope o ka hana sabotage i kahi ʻoihana koa.
Ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi nui o »anarchism ʻōpio« ua hakakā ʻo ia me ka militarism a me ke kaua, e kūʻē i nā hana kūlike ʻole a nā mākaʻi a me ka hoʻopono. I ka makahiki 1919 ua lawe ʻo ia i ke kikowaena ʻōpio o ka »Free Socialist Youth« (FSJ) ma Pelelina a hoʻolilo ia ia i wahi hālāwai o nā ʻōpio anti-authoritary a me nā mea pena kiʻi kipi.
Ma waho o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā hōʻike, huakaʻi ʻo ia iā Kelemania a hāʻawi i nā haʻiʻōlelo lehulehu e heluhelu ana i nā mea anti-militaristic a liberal e like me Erich Mühsam, Maxim Gorki, Fjodor Dostojewski a me Leo Tolstoi.
I nā makahiki iwakāluakūmālua, ua kaulana kaulana ka pacifist ʻo Ernst Friedrich ma Berlin no kāna puke »Ke Kaua Kū Kaua!« I ka wā i wehe ai ʻo ia i kāna Hale Hōʻikeʻike Anti-War ma 29, ke Alanui Parochial. Ua lilo ka hale hōʻikeʻike i kikowaena o nā hana moʻomeheu a me pacifist a hiki i ka wā i luku ʻia e ka Nazis i Malaki 1933 a ua hopu ʻia kāna mea hoʻokumu.
Puke a Friedrich »Kaua me ke Kaua!« (1924) kahi puke paʻi kiʻi hoʻopūʻiwa e kākau ana i nā mea weliweli o ke Kaua Honua Mua. Ua hana ʻo ia iā ia i mea kaulana i loko a ma waho hoʻi o Kelemania. Ma muli o kahi manawaleʻa hiki iā ia ke kūʻai aku i hale kahiko ma Berlin kahi i hoʻokumu ai ʻo ia i ka »First International Anti-War Museum«.
Ma hope o kona paʻa ʻana i ka hale paʻahao ma mua o ka make kālā ʻana o Friedrich i ka wā i hoʻopaʻi ʻia ai ʻo ia ma 1930. Eia nō naʻe ua lawe ʻo ia i kāna waihona waiwai i waho.
I Malaki 1933 pūʻali koa ʻino Nazi, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo SA, ua luku ʻia ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Anti-War a ua hopu ʻia ʻo Friedrich a hiki i ka hopena o kēlā makahiki. Ma hope ua neʻe ʻo ia a me kona ʻohana i Belgian, kahi i wehe ai ʻo ia i ka »II. Hale Hōʻikeʻike Anti-War «. I ka wā i hele aku ai ka pūʻali koa Kelemania a hui pū ʻo ia me ka French Resist. Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o Farani ua lilo ʻo ia i kamaʻāina Farani a lilo i lālā o ka Socialist Party.
Me ka uku uku i loaʻa iā ia mai Kelemania hiki iā Friedrich ke kūʻai aku i kahi ʻāpana ʻāina kokoke i Palisa, kahi i hoʻokumu ai i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo »Ile de la Paix«, kahi kikowaena no ka maluhia a me ka ʻike honua ma kahi e hui ai nā hui ʻōpio Kelemania a me Palani. I ka makahiki 1967, ua make ʻo Ernst Friedrich ma Le Perreux sur Marne.
Hoʻomanaʻo ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Anti-War o kēia lā ʻo Ernst Friedrich a me ka moʻolelo o kāna hale hōʻikeʻike me nā pakuhi, nā kiʻi a me nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni.
https://www.anti-kriegs-museum.de/english/start1.html
Anti-Kriegs-Museum eV
ʻO Bruesseler Str. 21
D-13353 Berlin
Kelepona: 0049 030 45 49 01 10
wehe i kēlā me kēia lā 16.00 - 20.00 (a me nā lā Sabati a me nā lā nui)
No nā kipa hui ʻana e kāhea aku iā 0049 030 402 86 91
