Na Pat Pat,ʻApelila 25, 2019
ʻO kahi moʻolelo no nā hulu, ka paʻakai, nā'ōlelo hōʻeuʻeuʻole, a me nā pilikia o ka hanaʻenehanaʻenehana hou
I loko o ka moʻolelo Kalikiano,ʻo ka moʻolelo o Daedalus a me'Icarus kahi haʻawina i aʻoʻoleʻia e nā kānaka. Ua hoʻopaʻaʻiaʻo Daedalus lāuaʻo kāna keiki,ʻo'Isekusa ma kahi hale kiaʻi. I mea e pakele ai, ua hanaʻo Daedalus i nā'ēheu mai nā hulu a me ka paʻakai. Ua aʻoʻo Daedalus i kāna keikiʻaʻole e lele kokoke i ka lā i mea e heheʻe ai ka paʻakai. Hoʻokuʻuʻo'Icoa iā ia, me ka hoʻonaniʻana i ka mea i hanaʻia, a uaʻoluʻoluʻo ia i ka lā. Ua hāʻule kona mau'ēheu, a hāʻuleʻo'Ikososa i kona makeʻana.
Ke hoʻopiliʻia nāʻenehana hou i ko mākou mana a me ka ponoʻole o ke kanaka. ʻElua mau hana pilikino ma 1938 e like me ka hoʻopaʻaʻana o Daedalus i nā'ēheu no ka paʻakai: ka maheleʻana o ka uranium atom ma Nazi Germany, a me ka loaʻa o nā mea maʻamau a me poly fluoroalkyl (PFAS) na Dupont chemists ma New Jersey.
Uaʻikeʻo Albert Einstein e hiki i nā Nazis ke hoʻolālā i nā mea kaua kīmopia a alakaʻi ia iā ia e kākoʻo no ka hoʻokumuʻana i nā'āpana nuclear karika. I ka wā pōkole, ua kanikauʻo ia i kāna kuleana i ka hoʻokumuʻana i kēia mana luku. "Ua hoʻololi ke mana iʻole o ke atom i nā mea āpau a koe i ko mākou mau manaʻo noʻonoʻo, a ke hele nei mākou i nā'ōpilikia maʻamau," wahi āna.
Hoʻohana like kēia i ka hoʻolālāʻenehana hou.
Ma ka manawa like, ua ʻike ka honua i ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi hui PFAS i kapa ʻia ʻo polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). E like me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka atoma uranium, ʻo kēia kekahi o nā ʻike ʻepekema nui loa i ka mōʻaukala kanaka āpau. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo PTFE e Roy J. Plunkett ma ka Dupont Company's Jackson Laboratory ma Deepwater, New Jersey.
Uaʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kaʻenehana ma mua o ka paʻakai a me nā hulu i hoʻohuiʻiaʻo Daedalus, akāʻo nā hualoaʻa, e like me kaʻokiʻana i ka atom. hiki iā lākou ke lawelawe a luku i ke kanaka.
Ua hoʻopukaʻo Plunkett i hoʻokahi haneri paona o ke kahe tetrafluoroethylene gas (TFE) a mālamaʻia i loko o nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma keʻano wela o ke anuanu ma mua o ka hanaʻana. I kona hoʻomākaukauʻana i kahi kaʻa no ka hoʻohana,ʻaʻole i puka mai kekahi o ke kinoea - akā, ua like ke kaumaha o ka pahu me ia ma mua. Ua weheʻiaʻo Plunkett ʻO ka Pandora cylill a loaʻa kahi pauka keʻokeʻo kūpono ʻole i nā kemika āpau a manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea pahee loa i ke ola ʻana - a me ka wela wela loa.
Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hana i nā huahana Teflon a lilo nā mea ʻē aʻe i mea hana i loko o ka pahū ahi i ka wā o nā hana ahi maʻamau ma nā kahua koa a me nā kahua mokulele. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kamahaʻo i nā lole stain- a me ka wai-hoʻopale wai, polish, waxes, pena, pōʻai meaʻai, pulupulu niho, nā huahana hoʻomaʻemaʻe, chrome plating, hana uila uila, a me ka hoʻōla hou ʻana i ka aila, e inoa i kekahi mau noi. ʻO kēia mau ala - keu hoʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana o PFAS ma ke ʻano he ahi ahi e kiki ai i ka wai lepo - e ʻae i nā carcinogens e komo i ke kino o ke kanaka e paʻa ana a mau loa aku. Ua loaʻa kahi noiʻi ma 2015 e ka US National Health and Nutr Examination Survey i nā PFAS ma 97 pakeneka o nā hāpana koko kanaka. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia a hiki i ka 5,000 o kēlā me kēia mea kemikal fluorination mai ka wā i loaʻa mua ai. ʻO PFAS kahi hōʻike hou o ka pahu o Pandora, kahi moʻolelo Helene ʻē aʻe.
Kohu mea lā, ke hoʻopaʻi nei ʻo Zeus iā Prometheus a me nā kānaka āpau no ka ʻaihue ahi mai ka lani. Ua hōʻike ʻo Zeus iā Pandora iā Prometheus 'kaikaina ʻo Epimetheus. Hāpai ʻo Pandora i kahi pahu a nā akua i ʻōlelo ai he mau makana kūikawā kā lākou, akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻae ʻia e wehe i ka pahu. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, ua wehe ʻo Pandora i ka pahu i loaʻa ka maʻi, ka make a me nā mea hewa he nui i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka honua. Ua makaʻu ʻo Pandora, no ka mea ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā ʻuhane ʻino a pau e puka mai ana a hoʻāʻo e pani i ka pahu me ka hikiwawe loa, a pani ʻo Hope i loko!
ʻO nā mea a pau o 5,000 PFAS i manaʻoʻia he lāʻauʻawaʻawa.
ʻO nā hopena olakino o kaʻikeʻana i kēia mau mea komo ka manawa maʻamau a me nā ʻōpū kaumaha ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohaumia lākou i ka waiū umauma kanaka a maʻi hoʻi i nā pēpē hānai waiū. Hāʻawi nā per a me poly fluoroalkyls i ka hōʻino o ke ake, ka maʻi ʻaʻai puʻuwai, ke kolesterol kiʻekiʻe, kahi hoʻonui ʻia o ka maʻi thyroid, me ka maʻi kanesa testicular, ka micro-penis, a me ka helu sperm haʻahaʻa i nā kāne.
I kēia manawa, hōʻole ka EPA e hoʻoponopono i nā mea. ʻO ia ke komohana'āhiu aʻaʻohe wahi makai e loaʻa. Ua koho ka 'āina kohoʻole e hoʻokumu i kahi 70 ppt Lifetime Health Kōkā'ōlelo (LHA) no ka wai inu. ʻAʻole pono nā aʻoaʻo aʻoaʻo.
ʻO kahi LHA ke kūmole o kahi kemika i ka wai inu i manaʻo ʻole ʻia e hoʻokumu i nā hopena noncarcinogenic maikaʻi ʻole no ka wā o ke ola. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka LHA ma ka hōʻike ʻana o kahi makua 70-kg e hoʻopau ana i 2 liters o ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā.
I ka neleʻana o kaʻEPA kūpono e pili ana, New Jersey, kahi hānau o nā mea a me poly fluoroalkyl, ua hoʻokumu waleʻo ia i ka inu ikaika loa o ka lāhui. a me nā kūlana wai wai o 10 ppt no PFAS a 10 ppt no PFOA. Ua kāhea nā hui kaiaulu i kahi palena o 5 ppt no kēlā me kēia kemika. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Philippe Grandjean a me nā hoa hana ma ke kula ʻo Harvard TH Chan of Health Public e hōʻike ana i ka hōʻike ʻana o 1 ppt i ka wai inu e hoʻopōʻino i ke olakino kanaka.
ʻAʻole pili nā kūlana hou o New Jersey i nā hoʻouka DoD e like me ka Trenton Naval Air Warfare Center i pani ʻia ma 1997. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua hou ʻana ma laila e hōʻike ana ua hoʻohaumia ka Navy i ka wai o ka honua me 27,800 ppt o PFAS ʻoiai ʻo Joint Base McGuireDix-Lakehurst i hoʻowahāwahā i ka wai kai me 1,688 ppt o nā mea. Nui a hewahewa nā keʻena pale i kū ʻole ʻia i loko o ka a Kauka DoD ma ka laulima o ka PFAS kaomi, akā, uaʻikeʻia lākou e hoʻohana i nā mea lāʻau.
ʻO ka Air Force Base ʻEnelani ma Alexandria Louisiana, kahi hale i pani ʻia ma 1992, ua loaʻa he 10,900,000 ppt o nā kemika i loko o kāna wai kai. Hāʻawi ʻia kekahi mau kamaʻāina kokoke i ka waihona e ka wai luawai. ʻAʻole like me New Jersey, ʻaʻole ikaika ʻo Louisiana i ka pale ʻana i kāna kamaʻāina. ʻIke paha ʻo Louisiana me ka hana ʻole pekelala ma PFAS.
ʻO ka hoʻopuka houʻiaʻana o ka EPA Nā Per- a me Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Ka Hana Hana ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i nā palena e hoʻoponopono ai i ka PFAS a hoʻoweliweli i ka hopena o ke olakino kanaka o nā lāʻau make. Hiki i nā pūʻali koa a me nā hui haumia ke hanu i ka manawa o ka hoʻomau ʻana e hōʻona i ka lehulehu.
He mea weliweli. Hiki i ka PFAS ke loli pehea e hiki ai i nā kānaka ke pane aku i nā maʻi maʻi. Ua hōʻike nā kānakaʻepekema i kaʻikeʻana i ka PFAS hiki ke hoʻololi i ka pane āpau a hoʻonui i ka hikiʻole i nā maʻiʻeha. Ua hōʻike nā kānakaʻepekema he pilina ka PFAS me nā hoʻololiʻana i ka hōʻikeʻana o nā genes 52 e komo ana i nā hana kuʻuna a me nā hana ulu. I ka pōkole, hiki i ka PFAS ke hoʻopau i ka pūnaewele immune. Me nā kānaka a pau e lawe nei i kēia toxins, pono kākou e hopohopo nui aʻe.
ʻOiaiʻaʻole i paneʻia e ka EPA, ua hoʻokaʻawale maoli nāʻepekema i nā kūlana PFAS i loko o ke koko o nā wāhine hāpai i kēia mau hāʻina i kā lākou mau keiki:
- Ua ho'ēmiʻia ka hopena o nā mea āpau e nā maʻi āi a me nā hopena o ka hopena i piliʻole i ke olakino ma ka'ōpiopio.
- He mau maʻi pale e kū'ē i ke kalaha i nā keiki āpau.
- ʻO ka helu o nā anuanu maʻamau i nā keiki,
- ʻO ka maʻi kīnā i nā keiki.
- Ua hoʻonuiʻia ka nui o nā maʻi o ka'ōpū hanu hauʻoli i nā makahiki 10 mua loa o ke ola.
Ua hāʻule ʻo Icarus i kona make ʻana, ʻaʻole maopopo i ka makaʻu o ka ʻenehana o kona makuakāne. Ua lilo mākou i ʻIcarus. Pono e nānā ʻia nā holomua nui o ke kanaka e ka poʻe me nā manaʻo maikaʻi loa e kiaʻi i ko mākou olakino a palekana. Minamina, ʻaʻole kēia ko mākou ʻoiaʻiʻo.
"Inā mākou e pili pili loa me kēia mau kemika, e ʻai ana a inu hoʻi iā lākou, e lawe ana iā lākou i loko o ka iwi o kā mākou iwi - ua ʻike paha mākou i kekahi mea e pili ana i ko lākou ʻano a me ko lākou mana."
- Rachel Carson, Silent Spring
