I ka pau ʻana o ke kūkulu ʻana i ʻeono mau helipad hou, nā hōʻike e hoʻoneʻe i ka pūʻali koa i kahi pitch fever.
Na Lisa Torio, ʻO ka Nation
hree hebedoma i hala aku nei, ma kahi holo kaʻa kaʻa i Takae, kahi moku liʻiliʻi ʻelua hola ma ke ʻākau o Okinawa mau kumu ʻo Naha, kahi kope o kahi nūpepa kamaʻāina ua hala. "Kahi Takae ma ʻAmelika," ʻ ,lelo ka lula, ma luna o ke kiʻi o ko Standing Rock Sioux e hele nei i ka Dakota Access Pipeline ma Dakota North. Ma ka piko o ka ʻaoʻao, ua kākau kekahi i ka "wai he ola" i loko o ke aniani ʻulaʻula. Ke hoʻokele nei mākou ma nā kahawai i ka pali, hiki i ka ʻikepili a puni ke kaʻa. Ma hope oʻu, wahi a kekahi wahine i kekahi, "ʻO ia ka hakakā mau ma nā wahi āpau."
Ua hele aku mākou i ʻāpana ʻĀpana Kaiāulu ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo Camp Gonsalves, e kali ana ma luna o 30 mau mile māmā o ka ulu lāʻau ʻo Okinawa. Loaʻa ʻia ma 1958 a hoʻohana ʻia no ka "terrain a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻike aʻo, "Makemake nā pūʻali koa US e kāhea i ke ʻano ʻo ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa he"ka nui o ka ʻāina mahele nui. ” ʻO ka mea a lākou e makemake ʻole ai e hoʻomaopopo he home ka nahele no kekahi mau kamaʻāina he 140, he mau kaukani a me nā wai kūmole e hāʻawi ana i ka wai inu o ka mokupuni. ʻOiai ua kūʻē ʻo Okinawans i ka noho ʻana o US ma ka hui o nā mokupuni, ʻo ko lākou kumu i kēia lā e kūʻē i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi pūʻulu hou o Kōkua helipela US ma ka ululāʻau o ke Kula Kahiko ʻoi a lākou e manaʻo nei he paia.
Mai ka 2007, aia ʻo Okinawans hōʻiliʻili i Takae e hoʻolei i ka kūkulu ʻana i ʻeono mau helipads no ka US Marine Corps, ka mea i hele mai ma kahi o ka launa bilateral 1996 ma waena o Iapana a me Amerika. Ma lalo o ka ʻaeʻae, e “hoʻihoʻi” ka pūʻali koa US ʻo 15 mau wahi mile o kona kahua hoʻonaʻauao e hoʻololi i nā helipads hou-kahi hoʻolālā e ʻōlelo nei ʻo Okinawans e hoʻopakeke wale ana i ke alo o ka pūʻali koa US ma luna o nā mokupuni a alakaʻi i ka luku honua.
Ma Kekemapa 22, aia kahi manawa ʻāpana hana e hōʻailona ai i ka hoʻi ʻana o ka ʻāina mai ka ʻĀkau Haʻaina ʻĀina i Iapana. Ua hoʻohiki ʻo Kuhina Kuhina Shinzo Abe e hoʻopau i nā koina o nā helipelika i koe e hōʻailona ai i ka manawa, a ua like paha ʻo ia i mālama pono i kāna ʻōlelo i hala: ma mua o kēia pule, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Okinawa's Bureau Bureau a me ka pūʻali koa US i ka pau ʻana o ke kūkulu ʻana. Akā i ka mea e mālama ai nā mea mālama ʻāina a me ka wai i komo i ka papa hana i ka pule i hala aku nei, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana ua mamao loa ka kūkulu ʻana. No ka poʻe o Okinawa a me ko lākou mau hoahele, ua ʻoi aku ka neʻe o ka neʻe ʻana i kahi kūkulu i ʻeono helipads. E pili ana i ke lawe ʻana i ka pūʻali koa US i ko lākou mau kūpuna.
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Mai 1999 a hiki i 2006, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā helipads, ua hāʻawi ʻelua mau kamaʻāina o Takae i nā noi i nā ʻaha aupuni e loiloi i ka papahana, no ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hoʻoweliweli o nā mokulele mokulele o Osprey e lele ana ma luna o ko lākou mau kaiāulu. Hana ʻia e Boeing, ʻo kēia mau mea kahawai "hoʻohui i ka hana kūloko o kahi helikopa me ka wikiwiki a me ka holo ʻana o kahi mokulele lele paʻa," a loaʻa iā lākou ka pālike. (ʻO nā mea hou loa, ua pā ʻo Osprey i kahakai o Okinawa ma Dekemaba 13.) Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole mālama ke aupuni i kā lākou noi, a, ʻaʻole i kū i nā manaʻo kīwila a i ʻole e hoʻolohe no ka lohe ʻana, hoʻomaka ka hana ma 2007. Ke ʻike ʻole nei i nā ala politika i waiho ʻia e pale i ko lākou ʻāina, ua huli ka poʻe i ka hana kūlike ʻole ma hope koke o ka hoʻonā ʻana i nā limahana ma ka papa ʻana a me ke kālai ʻana i nā ʻeke o nā ʻoka mai ka komo ʻana i nā kahua kūkulu. Ma 2014, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o nā helipelika mua i pau, ua kāpae ke aupuni i ka hana no nā hōʻike ʻana. Akā ua neʻe i mua o ke aupuni ma ka papahana ʻo Iulai o kēia makahiki, a ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hōʻike.
"Aia ʻo Abe a me ka pūʻali koa ʻAmelika e ʻoki i lalo o kā mākou mau lāʻau a lāʻau i ko mākou wai," wahi a Eiko Chinen, wahine wahine maoli iaʻu i waho o ka puka nui i koʻu kipa ʻana i nā hōʻike hoʻohiki. ʻLelo aku ʻo ia i nā ʻōlima, ua hoʻohana mua ʻia na Osprey, e kau i nā hale waiwai e hoʻopuni ana ma ke kahua ʻĀina Haʻawina.
He hana weliweli loa ka pūʻali koa US mooolelo e hoʻohala ana i nā mokupuni; ua kapa ʻia ʻo "he peʻe o ka Pākīpika" e nā ʻAmelika ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II, ka ʻāina o Okinawa, ka wai, a me nā kānaka ua ʻawaʻawa ʻia e ka pūʻali koa o ka mea hoʻomake kino e like me ka arsenic a me ka uranium i hoʻohemo ʻia. Mamua o keia makahiki ka Japan Times ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻokuʻi ʻia nā kahua palekana palekana lax o ka US ma kahi waihona hou ma Okinawa e hoʻopiʻi paha no ka ka pila i ka wai kai o ka wahi.
"ʻAʻohe mea e pale i kā mākou keiki no ka wā e hiki mai ana me kā lākou wai," wahi a Eiko Chinen i ka nānā ʻana i nā mākaʻi he ʻelua i hele i ke kahua kūkulu. "Ke ola nei ka ulu lāʻau no mākou, a ua hoʻololi lākou ia i wahi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai no ka pepehi kanaka."
I ka hopena o ke Kaua Honua II, ua hele mai ʻo Okinawa ma lalo o kahi hoʻomalu o ʻAmelika e like me ke kaua ʻano kaua. ʻO kahi pūʻali TV 1954 TV i hana ʻia e ka pūʻali koa US i ho'ākākaʻia ʻO Okinawa e like me, "he bastion koʻikoʻi o ka honua noa," ʻoiai nā "ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a me nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona." Ua hoʻomau ia, "ua ulu ʻia kona poʻe" i kahi moʻomeheu. ka hoʻomaka. ”Ma 1950, lawe pio nā koa ʻAmelika i nā ʻāina kūpuna mai nā poʻe mahiʻai kūloko me nā" bulldozers a me nā bayonets "e kūkulu i nā kahua koa i nā mokupuni a ka ʻāina, e hoʻouna ana i nā Okinawans pae ʻāina e hoʻomoana ai e ka pūʻali koa US. I ka wā o ke Kaua Vietnam, ua lilo ka ʻĀina Haʻawina Kūʻai a ma hoʻowahāwahā nuu no nā koa e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā hana anti-guerrilla. ʻO ka 2013 Documentary Kahu ʻia hai a pehea i hanai ai kekahi o na kamaaina o Takae, me kekahi o na keiki, i lilo i ke ano o na koa Vietnamese Hema a me na poe koa ma ka wa e hooikaika ana i ke kumu no ka $ 1 i ka la. Ma 2014, kahi Marine mua eʻae ʻO ka pūʻali koa ʻAmelika i hoʻowalewale i ka mea ʻāpono a ka Luna Hoʻopiʻi ma Takae, ʻo ia hoʻi Loaʻa a puni ka mokupuni.
ʻAʻole i hiki i 1972, iwakālua mau makahiki ma hope iho i haʻalele ai ka pūʻali US US mai Iapana, ua hoʻohuli ʻia nā mokupuni "i ka mana hoʻomalu ʻo Iapana. Ke hoʻokau neiʻo Okinawa mau i ka 74 ka pakeneka o nā waihona kaua US ma Iapana, ʻoiai aia ka 0.6 ka pakeneka o kona wahi. Mai ka 2015, ua alakaʻi ka aupuni o Iapana i ka kūkulu ʻana i kahi waihona hou o US Marine Corps i loko ʻO Henoko, kahi loko momona nui i ka ʻākau Okinawa, ʻoiai hōʻikeʻike nui e kūʻē i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i kēia mau lā.
"ʻAʻole e kamaʻilio ʻo Abe me ka poʻe Okinawan, akā e hele koke ʻo ia e hālāwai me Trump," wahi a Satsuko Kishimoto, he wahine wahine nona ka makahiki i hiki mai i ka noho ʻana i loko o kahi mau makahiki ʻekolu. "ʻAʻole he kanaka politika nō kēlā kanaka!" I kēlā lā, hopu akula ʻo Kishimoto i ke kelepona ma ka noho ʻana, a kāhea aku i ke aupuni ʻo Iapana e hoʻihoʻi i nā kumu i ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina inā pono maoli ʻo ia ka "hōʻino." ʻaʻole e haʻalele i ka hopena o Okinawa i kahi poʻe kālai'āina ma Tokyo, "i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia.
I ka hakakā lōʻihi e pale aku i ka ulu lāʻau, ua ulu ka heiau e hoʻopili alakai no waho o Okinawa. Ua lilo ia i wahi o kaiāulu, kahi e kū like ai ʻo Okinawans a me kā lākou mau hoa kuʻikahi e kūʻē i kahi ala hoʻi militarist aupuni. ^ E Ha yM. I ka wā o kekahi o kahi sit-in, he hui o nā mea hana mai Incheon e hakakā nei i ka kūʻē ʻana o ka pūʻali koa ʻAmelika ma Korea i kipa aku i kahi hoʻomoana i kahi hōʻike o ka hui. Ma kahi lā aʻe, ʻo nā mea i pakele o ka pōʻino nukila e hoʻomau ana ma Fukushima i noho me nā ʻāina a me nā kahu wai.
"Ke manaʻo nei au i ka nui aʻe, e nalowale ana mākou i ke kū'ē o kēia ʻāina," i ʻōlelo ʻo Masaaki Uyama, kahi mea hōʻike i neʻe mai Chiba Prefecture i ke kauwela i hala. "ʻAʻole like ka manaʻo o ke kaiāulu ma Okinawa. Ma waena o kāna mau hana hana, hana ʻo Uyama i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ia he" hana hope, "kaomi ʻana i nā lūlū o ka ʻāina a me nā kahe o ka wai mai Naha a hiki i Takae a e hoʻomōhala i ka pālapa kanaka no ka poʻe hiki ʻole hana ia no ka sit-in. "He kuleana kā mākou i ke kūʻē, ʻoiai inā e wawahi ana ko mākou mau naʻau."
He ʻoluʻolu hoomaka Ua makemake nui ka pūʻali koa o Iapana a me kāna hui pū ʻana me ka US, ʻo Shinzo Abe me kāna ʻoihana e hūnā i kēia kūʻē. Mai ka hoʻomau ʻana o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā helipela i koe i ka lā o Iulai, ua hoʻouna aku ke aupuni o Iapana i nā mākaʻi hae 500 mai kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāina e uhaʻi i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo maluhia. Ma Nowemapa, lele aku ka mākaʻi i ka Okinawa Peace Movement Center, kahi hui anti-base i hoʻoikaika i nā hōʻike ma Okinawa, loaʻa ka ʻike i ka poʻe e pili ana i ka mau ʻōiwi; ua hopu aku la lakou i kana luna Hiroji Yamashiro a me na mea hana e ae he nui no ka hana ana i na poloka kiai e malama i na kamako mai ke komo ana mai i ka hale mokulele o Futenma i Ianuari. Ua hana pū ka pūʻali koa US i ka nānā ʻana o nā kahu mālama o Okinawan a me nā poʻe nūpepa e hōʻike ana iā lākou, e like me palapala i loaʻa e ka mea kākau ʻo Jon Mitchell ma lalo o ke kānāwai o ka ʻAha ʻikepili.
Ma ka noho ʻana, ua nānā au i nā mākaʻi, he nui ka poʻe i nānā ʻē aʻe i ko lākou mau ʻumikūmālua, hoʻolei i nā lunakahiko o Okinawan ma ka ʻāina, ʻolua i ko lākou mau lima a me ka hoʻōho i ka pepeiao. Ma Okakopa, ʻelua mau luna loaa ke kāhea ʻana i nā kāmele pili i nā mea mālama ʻāina ʻokoʻa "hana-jin, "He huaʻōlelo hoʻowahāwahā e like me ka" savage "i ka ʻōlelo Pelekane, a me nā iwi ʻē aʻe i Takae. ʻO Fusako Kuniyoshi, ka mea mālama ʻāina ʻāina, ka mea i haʻi mai iaʻu e pili ana i ke ala o Iapana a me ʻAmelika e ʻike ai iā Okinawa a me kona mau kānaka ma ka mōʻaukala. "Manaʻo lākou e hiki mai lākou i kēia manawa a mahalo ʻole iā mākou no ka mea he lāhui mākou," wahi a ia. "ʻIke mau loa ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻo Kū e kū mai no mākou." ʻO ka ʻāpono, wahi a Kuniyoshi, ua hana mau ʻia ʻo ia i mea hana no ke kolikela iā Okinawa. "Hiki 'oe ke ʻike i ka honua maanei mai Takae."
Nui ka kaua ma nā manaʻo o nā kānaka ma Okinawa. I ka hoʻohui mua ʻana o Iapana i ke Aupuni Ryukyu ma 1879, ua hoʻokahuli loa ke aupuni Meiji politika kūpaʻa ma Okinawans — e like me ka poʻe ma Korea, Taiwan, a me Kina ma lalo o ka noho aupuni ʻana o Iapana - ua hoʻāʻo e kāpae i ka moʻomeheu maoli, ʻo ia hoʻi me nā ʻōlelo Ryukyuan. I ka hoʻokomo ʻana o Iapana i WWII, lilo koke nā mokupuni i ke kahua kaua-ka manaʻo o 150,000 mau kanaka noho i ko lākou ola i ke kaua ma Okinawa, manaʻo ʻia kekahi o nā kaua koko nui ma waena o Iapana a me ʻAmelika.
"I kēia lā, ke noi nei au iaʻu iho i ke kumu i waiho ʻia ai au e ola ana," wahi a Kishimoto. ʻ Shelelo mai ʻo ia iaʻu ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke lulu i nā kiʻi o ke kaua i ʻike ʻia ma ke kamaliʻi. "E mālama mau au i ke kuleana no ka pakele ʻana o ke kaua." ʻO kekahi ʻāpana o kēlā kuleana ke kūʻē i ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o Okinawa i ka hana kaua US. I ka wā o ko US kaua kaua ʻana a me Afghanistan, no ka laʻana, ka nui o nā pūʻali koa ma Okinawa e hoʻohana ʻia ana ma ke kahua aʻo a me ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kaua. "ʻEwalu wau he ewalu i kēia manawa, akā e kaua wau e kaua i kēia ʻāina no ka mea ʻaʻole i hoʻohana hou ʻia no ke kaua," i ʻōlelo mai ai ʻo Kishimoto. "ʻO kēlā kaʻu misi."
Inā paʻa paha a i ʻole ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana ma ka mākaʻi, e hoʻomau ʻia nō ka moʻo ʻana. Ma ka Pōʻalua, ʻehiku mau kānaka kamaʻāina mai Takae, a me ke alakaʻi nui ma ka papa, ua kipa aku iā Okinawa Defense Bureau e koi i ka haʻalele ʻana iā Osprey. Ma ka hopena pule i hala aku nei, ua hōʻuluʻulu kekahi mau mea hōʻike 900 ma Henoko e koi aku i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā mokulele mokulele o US Marine Corps a e kūʻē i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā helipads ma Takae a me kahi waihona hou ma Henoko. ʻAʻole hoʻi i hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike ʻana ma waho o ka puka nui ma Takae i nā hōʻailona ʻole e pau.
I hoʻokahi kanaono mau makahiki i hala, i Iune o 1956, ʻoi aku ka nui o 150,000 ʻO Okinawans i ke ala e koi ana i ka hoʻi hou ʻana i ko lākou ʻāina ʻāina, kahi ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo "The Island-wide Struggle," a i ʻoleShimagurumi Tousou. ”Ua lawe aku ʻo Okinawans me ko lākou mau hoa kuali i ka ʻaoʻao i ka mua o Takae a me Henoko. I kekahi lā aʻu i noho ai ma Camp Gonsalves, ua hoʻi hou aku kekahi mau ʻāina 50 a me nā kahu wai mai ka ululāʻau ma hope o ka hōʻeha ʻana i nā limahana hana kūkulu ma kekahi o nā ʻōpiopio. Ua hoʻokau lākou i kahi noho i mua o lākou, me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana i ka hana o kēlā lā. ʻO kekahi o nā mea ʻona ʻāina, me he microphone ma kona lima, i ʻōlelo ʻia i ka lehulehu, "Haka ke kaua i ka AD o Abe." Hoʻoliʻoli ka lehulehu. "Ke holo nei ka pale ʻana i loko o kā mākou!"
Ua loaʻa ka ʻatikala ma The Nation: https://www.thenation.com/article/can-ind Native-okinawans-protect-their-land-and-water-from-the-us-military/
