Na David Swanson, World BEYOND War, Lulai 16, 2020
ʻO ka puke hou a Nicholson Baker, ʻAʻole kumu: Koʻu ʻimi ʻana i nā mea huna i nā mea pili o ke kānāwai o ke kānāwai ʻikepili, he mea maikaʻi loa ia. Inā wau e kuhikuhi i kekahi mau hoʻopiʻi olikino iā ia, ʻoiai ke nānā ʻole ʻana, no ka laʻana, ka piha o ka hālāwai ninaninau hou a Trump, ʻo ia nō ka mea ke kū mai nā hewa ma kahi kīwaha ʻoiai e hana ana i ka piha holoʻokoʻa o kahi Kūkākūkā Trumpandemic.
Hoʻomaka ʻo Baker e like me kahi nīnau ʻole a pane ʻole ʻia ʻo ia: Ua hoʻohana anei ke aupuni US i nā mea kaua ola i ka makahiki 1950? ʻĀ, ʻae, ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi, makemake wau e pane. Ua hoʻohana ia iā lākou ma North Korea a (ma hope aku) ma Cuba; hōʻike iā ia iā lākou ma nā kūlanakauhale ʻo US. Ua maopopo mākou ua puka mai nā maʻi Lyme mai kēia. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻoliʻoli a ua pepehi ʻia ʻo Frank Olson no kāna mea i ʻike ai e pili ana i ka hoʻoili kaua US.
ʻAʻole maopopo i ka manawa mua, me he mea lā ma hope, ke ʻōlelo nei ʻo Baker ma mua o ka maopopo ʻole ma mua o kāna maoli - malia paha ʻo ia kāu hana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi puke i mea e makaʻu ʻole ai i ka poʻe heluhelu palupalu.
Ua neʻe ʻo Baker e kūkākūkā e pili ana i nā huhū pau ʻole o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e pry i ka ʻike kahiko loa mai ke aupuni US ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), ka mea i haʻi pinepine ʻia e ke aupuni. Hōʻike ʻo Baker e pili nui ka puke i kēia ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻike, a ʻo ka lua wale nō e pili ana i ke kaua olaola (BW). ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ʻo BW a me nā kumuhana pili e noho mau nei i loko o ka puke, ʻoiai ke kamaʻilio nei no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike e mau ana ka hoihoi. Hāʻawi ʻo Baker iā mākou i ka mea hiki iā ia ke palapala a me kāna e manaʻo ai - he hiʻohiʻona ʻelua no ka hōʻike ʻana i kahi noiʻi e pili ana i kahi kumuhana paʻakikī a no ke kūʻē ʻana i ka hūnā ʻana o ka ʻike e ka poʻe nona ia.
Ke hāʻawi nei kēia puke iā mākou i nā hōʻike ʻoi loa a he aupuni nui a hōʻino ʻia e ke aupuni US (inā ʻaʻole nui he papahana nui a he moeʻuhane ia nona), ua hoʻokolohua ʻo ia i nā kānaka i ka wā a ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II, a he hana maʻamau ia. ua hoʻopiʻi i ka mea e hana nei. Nā palapala waiwai ʻo Baker i hoʻohana i nā mea i waiwai ʻole ʻia he mea waiwai ʻole no ka mea kaua lāʻau i mālama ʻia e ka aupuni o US ma nā kūlanakauhale he nui o US.
Palapala kēia puke ma mua o nā kānalua he nui loa a me nā kumuwaiwai i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i loko o nā makahiki he nui i ka hoʻokalakupua, noiʻi ʻana, hoʻomohala ʻana, hoʻāʻo ʻana, hoʻoweliweli ʻana, hoʻopunipuni ʻana, a me ka wahaheʻe e pili ana iā BW. Hoʻopili pū kēia me ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka lehulehu o nā inseka a me nā mea mammal, a me ka lāʻau make o nā kaiaolaola, nā lako wai, a me nā mea kanu. Ua aʻo nā ʻepekema i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā lāhui, ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o nā iʻa iʻa, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano manu like ʻole, nā arachnids, nā ʻelala, nā ʻūlū, nā ʻāpana, nā opeapea, a me nā hulu papa e hoʻolaha i nā maʻi lele. I ke kaʻina hana, ua luku lākou i nā helu hoʻokolohua he nui, e like me nā moʻo, puaʻa, hipa, ʻīlio, pōpoki, ʻiole, ʻiole, a me nā kānaka. Hoʻolālā lākou i nā mines a me nā torpedoes no nā kai ʻona. ʻO ka loko wai e waiho ana ma lalo o Fort Dietrich i waena o nā mea haumia i United States, e like me ka EPA - haumia me nā mea i hoʻomohala ʻia me he mea hoʻohaumia lā.
ʻO nā hopena pōʻino o ka kaiāulu lehulehu i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he hopena i hana ʻia ma loko ona e ka pūʻali koa US / CIA.
Ke hōʻike nei kēia puke i nā hōʻike hōʻike nui, ʻae, ua hoʻohana ʻo ʻAmelika iā BW ma Korea, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka manaʻo a ʻaʻole hoʻi i haʻaheo. I ka hōʻike ʻana o ka poʻe Kina i kahi kikoʻī no ke kumu o ka CIA e hana a hoʻolālā ʻia ai, a i ʻole a ke kamaʻilio ʻana a me kaʻoiaʻiʻo paha e haʻi mai i ka ʻaoʻao ʻelua i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kahi ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka hanana maoli nō ia, e kali ana no ʻO ka kuhi hewa he hana naʻaupō o ka lawelawe, ʻaʻole ia ma kahi haʻahaʻa. A inā hāʻawi ʻo CIA i kahi pono ʻole, a i ʻole he mea hiki ke mālama ʻia, no ka mālama ʻana i nā palapala huna e ʻoi aku nei i ka hapa o ka hapalua mau makahiki, pono e kau ʻia ka ukana ʻo ka mea hōʻike i ka mea e hoʻopiʻi nei i nā palapala.
Hāʻawi kēia puke i nā hōʻike ikaika ʻaʻole i hoʻokuʻu wale ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i nā hulu maʻi a me nā ʻāpala ma Kōlea mai nā mokulele, akā ua hoʻohana pū hoʻi i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā pūʻali koa US e puʻunaue i nā halihali maʻi i loko o nā hale kahi e hoʻi ai ka poʻe - a me nā hōʻike i hōʻike ʻia i ka poʻe i hōʻeha ʻia ua komo pū kēia pupule i nā pūʻali koa US ponoʻī. Ua hōʻahewa ke aupuni US ma 1950 i Kina no ka maʻi ahulau, a waiho i nā hōʻike e hōʻike ʻepekema nei ʻaʻole hiki i kahi maʻi ke hele mai kahi bioweapon - ua ʻike ʻia nā hana ʻelua i ka makahiki 2020.
Kuhiā komo pū me nā hōʻike ikaika o nā hewa aʻu i ʻike ʻole ai ma mua, kekahi o ia mau mea he mea maikaʻi e loaʻa hou nā hōʻike. ʻOiai ʻo ke koi no ka hōʻike hou he evasion i kā US kālaiʻāina, kahi e kala ʻole ai e hoʻopiʻi a i ka hoʻopiʻi a i ʻole ka lawehala a i ʻole ka hana ʻē aʻe, i kēia hihia he kūpono loa e koi ana ʻo Baker i nā hōʻike hou aʻe. Eia naʻe, ua ʻākoakoa ʻo Baker i nā hōʻike hoʻohuli manaʻo e hoʻolaha ana ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka puaʻa cholera i Kelemānia Hikina, hāʻawi i nā maʻi i nā mea kanu i Czechoslovakia, Romania, a me Hungary, sabotage i ka hua kope ma Guatemala, hoʻolaha i kahi maʻi weliweli i ka hua laiki ma Iapana i 1945 - malia paha me nā huakaʻi i hana ʻia he ʻelima a me ʻeono mau lā ma hope o ka pōkā ʻana o Nagasaki, a ua luku ʻia ka hapa nui o nā hua palaoa durum i United States me nā maʻi i 1950 - hana hewa ʻole ʻia i nā mea kaua o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i hoʻomohala ʻia no ka palaoa Soviet.
Hoʻomoʻo Baker ma nā mākaʻi BW, ʻaʻole wale ʻo Lyme, akā nā waho o nā kauā o ka Lapi, ʻo ke kūpaʻa Q, ka maʻi o ka manu, ka ʻū o ka palaoa, ka maʻi puaʻa ʻAmelika, a me ka hog cholera. ʻO ka hōʻeha a me ka make, me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a me nā hoʻomākaukau kaua kaua, ua maʻamau me nā ʻepekema a me nā limahana a me nā poʻe e noho wale nei i ka wahi hewa i ka manawa pono ʻole.
Ma ke ala hoʻi, hāʻawi ʻo Baker iā mākou i kona mau manaʻo a me nā manaʻo a me nā hana maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā. Hāʻawi ʻo ia iā mākou i ka ʻike o nā poʻe ʻehā a me ke kaumaha a me ka weliweli a me ka sociopathic o nā mea hoʻomehana olakino āna e aʻo nei. Akā ʻo ka mea e hāʻawi iā mākou iho iā lākou iho he hoʻopunipuni a manaʻo mua ʻia hoʻi i ka ʻenemi i makemake ʻia, ka hewa ka mea i hewa, he pono ke kūkulu i nā ʻano hou ʻē aʻe o ka pepehi ʻana a me ka hoʻokaumaha ʻana i ka ʻeha no ka mea e hana mua ai kekahi. ʻAʻole naʻe kēia hoʻololi i ka mea maopopo o nā aupuni ʻē aʻe ma o ʻAmelika Huipū ʻia ua hana hoʻi i nā hana weliweli. Kuhiā ua palapala aku ka hōʻaiʻē o ke aupuni US i nā ʻano makaʻu ʻē aʻe mai nā aupuni Nazi a me Iapana. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i kahi hōʻike no ke aupuni US e alualu nei i kēia pupule no ka hana mua o nā Soviets, akā ʻike mākou i nā mea hōʻike no ke aupuni US e hoʻomohala ana i kēia mau mea ʻino a ʻimi e ʻae i nā Soviet, e hoʻopunipuni i nā Soviets i loko me ka manaʻoʻiʻo o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻaʻole ia i mea e hoʻoikaika ai, a no ka hūnā ʻole paha, ke kuleana Soviet i loko o BW.
ʻO kekahi o kaʻu manaʻo punahele ʻauhau ʻauhau US aʻu i aʻo ai e pili ana i kēia puke - kahi aʻu e ʻike nei ʻaʻole i hoʻohana maoli ʻia - e kau i nā kapa moe napalm liʻiliʻi i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, a hoʻouna iā lākou e kau ma lalo o nā hale. , kahi e hū ai lākou i ke ahi. Nui wau makemake i kēia ʻōpeʻapeʻa no ka mea manaʻo wau e hana lākou i kahi mascot pani hou no ka Wakinekona Redskins.
Hōʻike ʻo Baker, me ka lima ʻole, ʻo ke kūʻē ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā meaolaola a me nā mea kaua i loko o ke kaua ma Vietnam e hoʻopau ana i kēlā mau papahana ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a i ʻole ka mea nui e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ai. ʻOiaʻiʻo paha ka hope. Akā ua hala lākou? ʻ tellslelo ʻo Baker iā mākou ʻo Fort Dietrich i "repurposed" no ka noiʻi maʻi ʻaʻai - ʻo ia hoʻi ka noiʻi pale ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ʻaʻole ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Akā ʻo ia? He pono anei ka anthrax i ka noiʻi maʻi ʻaʻai? Ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia ke aupuni US? ʻAʻole hana hou ʻo America iā Greater i kahi kalaiwa e hoʻoulu hou i nā mea ʻoi loa o ka 1950?
Maʻalahi loa ʻo Baker ma kēia puke i ka mea āna i ʻike ai a me ka ʻike iā ia, a pehea hoʻi nā hopena e hiki ke loaʻa me kahi pae o kēlā me kēia. No laila, he mea paʻakikī e ʻōlelo e loaʻa kekahi mea. Akā aia kekahi mau mea. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻo ka hoʻolālā hoʻomake nui loa i kuhi ʻia i ka manaʻo no ka pepehi ʻana i ka Iudaio, a ʻo kahi lua he hoʻolālā huna o US e hoʻomake i nā kūlanakauhale ʻo Iapana. Akā uaʻoi aku ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ke kaua ʻo Hitler i ka manaʻo i loaʻa i nā make i kāna mau hoʻolālā no nā Iudaio. ʻO ka Holocaust maoli he mea miliona ia o nā mea i manaʻo ʻole i ka Iudaio. A, e lawe i kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona o kahi papa hoʻomake nui loa, ʻo Daniel Ellsberg hōʻike iā mākou ua hoʻolālā ke kaua kaua ʻo ʻAmelika i ka pane ʻana i kekahi hoʻouka kaua Soviet e kūʻē i ka hapakolu o nā kānaka a pau.
Manaʻo wau he hewa nō hoʻi ʻo Baker ke wehewehe ʻo ia i ke kaua e like me ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka poʻe i makemake e loaʻa nā hana aupuni ʻē aʻe - koe nā koa a me nā luina a me nā pailota. Ke inaina nei au e hāpai i kēia, no ka mea, he mana ka prose a Baker, ʻoiai he mele, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i make i ke kaua he poʻe kīwila me ka ʻole o nā hana aupuni. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i luku ʻia i nā kaua o ʻAmelika ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o nā kaua, a ʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hilinaʻi wahaheʻe nei ʻo ka make ʻana o ʻAmelika he hapa nui o ka poʻe i make i nā kaua US. ʻOiai ʻo nā mea mālama kālā US i make i nā kaua US ma nā helu kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā lālā pūʻali koa US, akā ʻo nā mea ʻelua i hui pū ʻia he hapa liʻiliʻi o ka poʻe make. No laila, manaʻo wau he mea nui e hōʻoki kākou i ka hana hewa ʻana.
Kuhiā e komo pū ana me nā tangents he nui. Ma kekahi o lākou ua ʻike mākou ua microfilmed ka US Library o ka ʻAhaʻōlelo a hoʻolei aku i nā mea i pai ʻia ʻaʻole nui i wahi no ka hana ʻana i ka noiʻi no ka US Air Force - e noiʻi ana i nā pahuhopu e hoʻopahū i ka honua holoʻokoʻa - nā mea āpau i mea e kōkua ai i ka Air E hana hoʻopunipuni i kahi lula ma ka nui o nā lāhui civila e hiki ai ke hoʻohana. Ua hoʻoneʻe kaua ʻia ka Waihona Puke o ka ʻAhaʻōlelo e hana i kēia manawa i hana ʻia e Google Maps, a ʻo ia hana wale nō ka mea e noʻonoʻo ai iā mākou i nā mea nui a ke aupuni US. ʻO ka hiki o ka pūʻali koa US e kūʻai aku i nā keʻena aupuni ʻē aʻe e like me ka mea e pono ai hoʻokahi wale nō kumu e neʻe ai i nā kalaka nui o ke kālā mai iā ia a i nā mea maikaʻi.
