ʻO nā pūʻali koa ka poʻe hoʻomalu maluhia kūpono?

Na Ed Horgan, World BEYOND War, Fepeluali 4, 2021

Ke manaʻo mākou i nā pūʻali koa, manaʻo nui mākou i ke kaua. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka pūʻali koa i kahi koa maluhia kahi mea a mākou e lawe ai i ka manawa e nīnau ai.

ʻO ka huaʻōlelo hoʻomalu i kona ʻano ākea āpau e pili ana i kēlā mau kānaka āpau e hoʻāʻo e hāpai i ka maluhia a kūʻē i nā kaua a me ka hana ʻino. Hoʻopili pū kēia me nā pacifists, a me ka poʻe e ukali i nā kumumanaʻo Karistiano mua inā paha he nui nā alakaʻi Karistiano a me nā mea ukali e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hana ʻino a me nā kaua kūpono ʻole ma lalo o kā lākou i kapa ai he kumumanaʻo kaua kūpono. Pēlā nō, nā alakaʻi a me nā mokuʻāina hou, e pili ana i nā alakaʻi o ka European Union, hoʻohana i nā hana aloha aloha bogus e hōʻoia i kā lākou mau kaua kūpono ʻole.

He luna pūʻali koa hana wau no 20 mau makahiki a laila he mea hoʻoikaika i ka maluhia no 20 mau makahiki paha e ʻike ʻia wau ma ke ʻano he warmonger i huli i kahi maluhia-monger. ʻOi loa kēia ma kahi ʻoiaʻiʻo. ʻO kaʻu lawelawe pūʻali koa mai 1963 a 1986 i ka pūʻali koa pale o ka mokuʻāina kūleʻa maoli (ʻIlani) a komo pū ka lawelawe nui ma ke ʻano he kahu maluhia pūʻali koa Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua hui pū wau me ka Pūʻali Koa ʻIlani i ka manawa i luku ʻia ai nā koa maluhia he 26 ma mua o kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei ma ka mikiona hoʻoikaika maluhia ONUC ma Kongo. ʻO kaʻu mau kumu no ke komo ʻana i ka pūʻali koa me ke kumu altruistic o ke kōkua ʻana e hana i ka maluhia honua, ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka United Nations. Ua manaʻo wau he mea nui kēia e hoʻoweliweli i koʻu ola iho i nā manawa he nui, ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he kiaʻi hoʻomalu koa UN wale nō, akā ma hope hoʻi ma ke ʻano he kiaʻi balota kūloko ma nā ʻāina he nui i ʻike i nā hakakā koʻikoʻi.

I kēlā mau makahiki mua o ka mālama maluhia ʻana o UN i ka UN, ʻo ia hoʻi ma lalo o kekahi o kāna mau Secretaries General maikaʻi loa, ʻo Dag Hammarskjold, ka mea i hoʻāʻo e hana i kahi kuleana kūʻokoʻa maoli i ka pono ākea o ka lāhui. Minamina no Hammarskjold ua hakakā kēia me nā mea i kapa ʻia he mau kuleana aupuni o kekahi o nā mokuʻāina ikaika loa, e like me nā lālā paʻa mau o ka UN Security Council, a ua hopena paha i kāna pepehi kanaka ma 1961 ʻoiai e hoʻāʻo nei e kūkākūkā i ka maluhia ma Kongo. I nā makahiki he 1958 o ka mālama maluhia ʻana o UN, he hana maikaʻi maʻamau ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o nā koa kiaʻi maluhia e nā aupuni kūlike ʻole a kūlike ʻole paha. ʻO nā lālā paʻa o ka UN Security Council a i ʻole nā ​​lālā o NATO a i ʻole ʻo Warsaw Pact i kāpae pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he peacekeepers hana akā ua ʻae ʻia lākou e hāʻawi i kahi kākoʻo logistic. No kēia mau kumu i noi pinepine ʻia ai ʻo ʻIlani e ka UN e hāʻawi i nā pūʻali koa no ka maluhia a ua hana ʻo ia pēlā ma kahi kumumanaʻo mau mai 88. Ua hele mai kēia hana koʻikoʻi he kumukūʻai koʻikoʻi. He kanawalukūmāwalu mau koa ʻIrani i make i ka hana hoʻomalu maluhia, kahi kiʻekiʻe loa o ka make no kahi pūʻali koa liʻiliʻi. Ua ʻike wau i kekahi o kēlā mau koa he XNUMX mau ʻIralani.

ʻO ka nīnau nui i nīnau ʻia mai iaʻu e kamaʻilio i kēia pepa: ʻO ka pūʻali koa ka poʻe hoʻomalu maluhia kūpono loa?

ʻAʻohe pane pololei a ʻaʻohe pane. ʻO ka mālama maluhia kahi hana nui a paʻakikī loa. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana i ke kaua kolohe keu inā he mana nui kou ma kou ʻaoʻao. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka haki ʻana i nā mea ma mua o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana ma hope o ka haki. ʻO ka maluhia e like me ke aniani aniani lahilahi, inā ʻoe e uhaʻi, paʻakikī loa e hoʻoponopono, a ʻo nā ola āu i luku ai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa a hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia paha. ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ka nānā ʻana o kēia kiko hope. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā peacekeepers i nā wahi buffer ma waena o nā pūʻali koa a ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻohana maʻamau i ka ikaika make a hilinaʻi i ka dialog, ahonui, kūkā, hoʻomau a me ka nui o ka manaʻo maʻamau. He mea paʻakikī paha ka noho ʻana ma kāu wahi a pane ʻole me ka ikaika i hele nā ​​pōkā a lele nā ​​pōkā i kou ala, akā ʻo ia kahi ʻāpana o ka mea e hana ai i ka poʻe hoʻomaluhia, a he ʻano koʻikoʻi kēia o ka wiwo ʻole a me kahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā. ʻO nā pūʻali koa nui i maʻa i ke kaua ʻana i nā kaua ʻaʻole lākou e hana i ka maluhia a mākaukau hoʻi e hoʻi i ke kaua ke hana lākou i ka maluhia, no ka mea ʻo kēia ka lako a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia e hana. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke Kaua Cold, ua hoʻohana ka US a me kāna NATO a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe i nā mea i kapa ʻia he aloha kanaka a maluhia paha e hoʻokau ana i nā mikionali e hana i nā kaua o ka hoʻouka kaua a hoʻokahuli i nā aupuni o nā lālā mōʻī o nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa i ka haki nui ʻana o ka UN. Palapala ʻO nā laʻana o kēia me ke kaua NATO e kūʻē iā Serbia ma 1999, ka hoʻouka kaua a hoʻokahuli ʻia o ke aupuni Afghanistan ma 2001, ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana a me ka hoʻokahuli ʻia ʻana o ke Aupuni Iraqi i ka makahiki 2003, ka hoʻohana hewa hewa ʻole ʻana o ka UN i ʻae ʻia kahi lele-lele i Libya ma 2001. e hoʻokahuli i ke aupuni o Libia, a me ka hoʻāʻo mau e hoʻokahuli i ke aupuni o Suria. Akā i ka wā e pono ai ka maluhia maoli a me ka mālama maluhia e pono ai, no ka laʻana e pale a hōʻoki i ka luku ʻia ma Kambupila a me Rwanda ua kū mālie kēia mau mokuʻāina like ʻole a ua hāʻawi ʻia kekahi mau lālā paʻa mau o ka UN Security Council i ke kākoʻo ʻeleu no kēlā poʻe. ke hana nei i ka luku.

Aia kahi pae no nā makaʻāinana hoʻi i ka maluhia a me ke kōkua ʻana e hoʻokūpaʻa i nā ʻāina ma hope o ko lākou kū ʻana mai nā hakakā ikaika, akā pono e hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia a mālama ʻia nā mikiona hoʻomalu maluhia a me nā democratization, e like me ka mea nui e pono ai ka hoʻonohonoho maluhia ʻana o ka pūʻali koa. a hoʻoponopono ʻia. Aia kekahi mau hana hoʻomāinoino nui e nā poʻe hoʻomalu maluhia a me nā pūʻali koa kahi i lawa ʻole ai kēlā mau kaohi.

I Bosnia i ka wā i pau ai ke kaua ma 1995, ua aneane pau ka holo ʻana o ka ʻāina e nā NGO e holo wikiwiki ana i ka mākaukau kūpono ʻole a ma kekahi mau hana e hana ana i nā mea ʻino ma mua o ka maikaʻi. ʻO nā wahi hakakā a me nā kūlana post-conflict nā wahi weliweli, keu hoʻi no ka heluna kūloko, akā no nā malihini hoʻi e hōʻea mākaukau ʻole ana. ʻO ka mākaukau mākaukau mākaukau mākaukau a hoʻomaʻamaʻa pono ʻia he mea nui ia i nā wā mua akā hiki ke pōmaikaʻi ʻia mai ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o nā makaʻāinana kūpono i hoʻolako ʻia e hoʻohui ʻia nā kamaʻāina ma ke ʻano he hanana o ka hoʻoponopono holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa. ʻO nā hui e like me ka UNV (United Nations Volunteer Program), a me OSCE (Organisation for Security and Cooperation ma ʻEulopa) a me ka US based Carter Center e hana nei i kekahi mau hana maikaʻi loa e like me nā kūlana, a ua hana wau ma ke ʻano he kamaʻāina me kēlā me kēia o lākou. Hāʻawi pū ka European Union i ka maluhia a me nā mikiona nānā i ke koho balota, akā mai kaʻu mau ʻike a me kaʻu noiʻi ua loaʻa kekahi mau pilikia koʻikoʻi me nā mikiona ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa e like me nā ʻāina ʻApelika, kahi e lilo ai nā pono waiwai o ka European Union a me nā mokuʻāina ikaika loa i mea nui. ma luna o nā pono maoli o ka poʻe i kēia mau ʻāina i kūʻēʻē i ka EU e manaʻo ʻia ana e hoʻoponopono ana. Hoʻohana ka Europa i nā kumuwaiwai ʻApelika, ka nui o neo-colonialism blatant, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i ka maluhia a me ka pale ʻana i nā kuleana kanaka. ʻO Palani ka lawehala ʻino loa, akā ʻaʻole hoʻokahi wale nō.

He mea koʻikoʻi ka pilikia o ke kaulike kāne ma nā mikiona mālama maluhia i koʻu manaʻo. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā pūʻali koa o kēia manawa ke uku nei i ka lawelawe lehelehe i ke kaulike kāne akā ʻo ka mea maoli ke pili i nā hana pūʻali koa he kakaikahi nā wahine e lawelawe i nā hana hakakā, a ʻo ka hoʻomāinoino wahine i nā koa wahine he pilikia nui. E like me ka ʻenekini a me ka mīkini kaulike ʻole e hōʻino loa ʻia, a ʻo nā hui kaiaulu kaulike ʻole, e like me nā kāne he kāne nui, ʻaʻole wale e hōʻino akā e hōʻino pū kekahi i nā kaiāulu a lākou e hana nei. ʻIke mākou i ʻIlani i kā mākou kumukūʻai i ka hōʻino i hoʻokumu ʻia e kā mākou kahuna pule Katolika patriarchal a me ke kāne i nohoaliʻi i ka nohona Irish mai ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kā mākou mokuʻāina, a ma mua o ke kūʻokoʻa. ʻO kahi hui kaulike kāne / wahine palekana maikaʻi e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana i ka maluhia maoli, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka poʻe nāwaliwali a lākou e manaʻo nei e pale aku nei. ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia me nā hana hoʻomalu hoʻomalu maluhia o kēia manawa ka hapa nui o nā pūʻali koa e pili ana i kēia manawa e hele mai nā ʻāina ʻilihune a aneane kāne wale nō a alakaʻi kēia i nā hihia koʻikoʻi o ka hana hoʻomāinoino a ka poʻe hoʻomalu maluhia. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hihia koʻikoʻi o ka hana hoʻomāinoino e ka poʻe Palani a me nā pūʻali koa komohana ʻē aʻe, e like me nā pūʻali koa US ma Iraq a me Afghanistan, ka mea i haʻi ʻia iā mākou e lawe mai i ka maluhia a me ke aupuni a me ke kūʻokoʻa a me ke kūʻokoʻa i ka poʻe Afghanistan a me Iraqi. ʻAʻole wale ka mālama maluhia i ke kūkākūkā ʻana i ka maluhia me nā pūʻali koa kūʻē. I ke kaua hou o kēia lā ua hōʻino pinepine nā kaiāulu i nā hakakā ma mua o nā pūʻali koa kūʻē. ʻO ke aloha a me ke kākoʻo maoli i nā lāhui civila kahi mea nui o ka maluhia e nānā pinepine ʻole ʻia.

I ka honua maoli kahi mahele o ke kanaka i kipaku ʻia e ka puniwaiwai a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hoʻohana a hōʻino wale i ka hana ʻino. Pono kēia i ka pono o ka lula o ke kānāwai e pale aku i ka hapa nui o ke kaiāulu kanaka mai ka hana hoʻomāinoino a pono nā mākaʻi e noi a hoʻokō i ka lula o ke kānāwai i ko mākou mau kaona a me nā kauhale. He lako mākaʻi lako nui ʻo ʻIlani i ka lako nui ʻole i ka pūʻali koa, akā ʻo kēia i kākoʻo ʻia i kahi lālā kūikawā paʻa lima no ka mea hiki i nā lawehala a me nā hui paramilitary kū ʻole ke komo i nā mea kaua akamai. Eia hou, ua loaʻa i nā mākaʻi (Gardai) ma ʻIlalani ke kākoʻo o ka Pūʻali Koa ʻIlani e kāhea inā pono, akā ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā pūʻali koa i loko o ʻIlani i ke kauoha a nā mākaʻi a ma lalo o ka mana o nā mākaʻi koe wale nō ka hihia o ka ulia pōpilikia koʻikoʻi. I kekahi manawa, hoʻomāinoino nā mākaʻi, ʻoiai ma ʻIlaniia, i ko lākou mana, me kā lākou mana e hoʻohana ai i ka ikaika make.

Ma ka pae macro a kūwaho hoʻi, ke ʻano o ke kanaka a me ka lawena o nā kānaka a me nā mokuʻāina e hāhai i nā ʻano like o ka lawena a i ʻole ka lawena hewa. Hoʻopilikia ka mana a paʻa loa ka mana. Minamina, aia nō, ʻaʻohe pae o ka hoʻomalu ākea ākea ākea ākea ākea ma waho o ka ʻōnaehana international anarchic o nā mokuʻāina aupuni. Ua ʻike ʻia ka UN e nā mea he nui ma ke ʻano he ʻōnaehana hoʻomalu honua a e like me kā Shakespeare e ʻōlelo ai "oh he mea maʻalahi wale ia". ʻO ka poʻe nāna i hoʻolālā i ka UN Charter nā alakaʻi o ka USA a me Pelekane i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua 2, a i kahi mea liʻiliʻi i ka Soviet Union ʻoiai ʻo France a me Kina e noho mau nei. Aia kahi kuhi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka UN i loko o ka laina mua o ka UN Charter. "ʻO mākou nā lāhui o Nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa ..." ʻO ka huaʻōlelo kanaka he pālua pālua (ʻo ka poʻe ka lehulehu o ke kanaka, a ʻo ka lehulehu ka lehulehu o nā kānaka) no laila ʻaʻole mākou e pili iā ʻoe a i ʻole wau ma ke ʻano he kanaka, akā i kēlā mau nā hui o ka poʻe e hele e hana i ka mokuʻāina mokuʻāina ʻo ia nā lālā o ka United Nations. ʻO mākou ka poʻe, ʻo ʻoe a ʻo wau ma ke ʻano he kanaka, ʻaʻohe kuleana i loko o ka UN. Lilo nā mokuʻāina lālā āpau i like i waena o ka UN General Assembly, a me ko Irelani koho balota ʻana i ka UN Security Council ma ke ʻano he mokuʻāina liʻiliʻi no ka manawa ʻehā mai ka manawa o ka 1960 e hōʻike nei i kēia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana o ke aupuni ma waena o ka UN, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka ʻaha kūkā palekana, ʻoi aku ka like me ka Soviet Union ma mua o kahi ʻōnaehana temokalaka holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka UN Security Council, a ʻo ka ʻelima mau lālā o ka UN Security Council mau lālā mau loa, e hoʻohana nei i kahi ahulau ma luna o ka UN. ʻO ka mea i ʻoi aku ka hewa, ua hāʻawi nā mea kākau o ka UN Charter iā lākou iho i kahi ʻōnaehana laka pālua a i ʻole kahi ʻōnaehana laka quintuple ma muli o kā lākou veto ma luna o nā hoʻoholo koʻikoʻi a pau o ka UN, e pili ana i ka pahuhopu nui o ka UN, i kākau ʻia i ka UN Charter, ʻatikala 1: ʻO nā kumu o nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa ʻo: 1. E mālama i ka maluhia a me ka palekana o ka honua, a i kēlā hopena: a pēlā aku,… ”

Aia ka mana o ka veto i ka ʻatikala 27.3. "ʻO nā hoʻoholo o ka ʻAha Kūkā Maluhia e pili ana i nā mea ʻē aʻe āpau e hoʻoholo ʻia e nā lālā ʻeiwa me ke koho pū ʻana o nā lālā paʻa mau.". Hāʻawi kēia huaʻōlelo kani ʻole i kēlā me kēia o nā lālā mau ʻelima, Kina, USA, Lūkia, Pelekane a me Palani i ka mana maikaʻi ʻole e pale aku i nā koho nui a ka UN a lākou e manaʻo ai ʻaʻole i ko lākou mau pono āpau, me ka nānā ʻole i nā makemake nui o nā kānaka. . Pale pū ia i ka UN Security Council mai ka hoʻokau ʻana i ka hoʻopaʻi ma luna o kekahi o kēia mau ʻāina ʻelima me ka nānā ʻole i nā lawehala koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ke kanaka a i ʻole nā ​​hewa kaua i hana ʻia e kekahi o kēia mau ʻāina ʻelima. Hoʻonohonoho pono kēia mana veto i kēia mau ʻāina ʻelima ma luna a ma waho o nā lula o nā kānāwai kūwaho. ʻO kahi ʻelele Mekiko i nā hana i hana i ka palapala hoʻohui UN ma 1945 i wehewehe i kēia ma ke ʻano: "E hoʻopaʻi ʻia nāʻiole a ʻoiai e hoʻokuʻu manuahi ʻia nā liona". ʻO ʻIlani kekahi o nāʻiole ma ka UN, akā ʻo India ʻo ia ka demokalaia ʻoi aku ka nui ma ka honua, ʻoiai ʻo Britain a me Palani, kēlā me kēia mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1% o ko ka honua heluna kanaka, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana ma ka UN. ʻO India me 17% o ko ka honua heluna nui.

Ma laila ka mana i hiki ai i ka Soviet Union, USA, Pelekane a me Palani, ke hana ʻino ʻana i ka Charter UN ma loko o ke Kaua Cold ma o ka hoʻoili kaua kaua ʻana ma ʻApelika a me Latin America a me nā kaua pololei o ka hoʻouka kaua ma Indo China a me Afghanistan. He mea kūpono ke kuhikuhi ʻana, koe wale nō ka noho ʻana o Tibet, ʻaʻole ʻo Kina i hoʻoili i nā kaua kūwaho o ka hoʻouka kaua i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ke Kuʻikahi o Nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa e pili ana i ka pāpā o nā mea kaua Nuclear i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a lilo i ikaika i ka 22 Ianuali 2021 i hoʻokipa nui ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.[1]  Eia naʻe ka mea maoli ʻaʻole paha ka hopena o kēia kuʻikahi i kekahi o nā lālā paʻa ʻelima o ka UN Security Council no ka mea e hoʻāʻo kēlā me kēia e hoʻowalewale i kā lākou mea kaua nuklea a i ʻole e hōʻemi i kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kaua nukelea inā, e like me ka e hoʻoholo paha lākou e hoʻohana i nā mea kaua nukelea. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo nō hoʻi, hoʻohana hewa ʻia nā mea kaua nukelea i kēlā me kēia lā e kēlā me kēia ʻāina ʻeiwa a mākou i ʻike he mau mea kaua nukelea, e hoʻoweliweli a hoʻoweliweli i ke koena o ka honua. Ke ʻōlelo nei kēia mau mana nukelea ke mālama nei kēia ʻōnaehana luku MAD Assured Destruction i ka maluhia o ka honua!

Me ka hiolo ʻana o ka Soviet Union a me ka hopena o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Cold War ka maluhia o ka honua e pono e hoʻihoʻi ʻia a wehe ʻia ʻo NATO ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o ka Warsaw Pact. Ua kū ka ʻaoʻao ʻē. Ua hoʻomau ʻo NATO i ka hana a hoʻonui e hoʻohui kokoke i nā hikina a pau o ʻEulopa a hiki i nā palena o Lūkia, a me ka hoʻoili kaua kaua ʻana me ka hoʻokahuli ʻia ʻana o nā aupuni mōʻī o kekahi mau mokuʻāina ʻo UN, i ka wāwahi nui o ka UN Charter a me nā NATO. pakuhi ponoʻī.

He aha ka hopena o kēia ma ka maluhia a ʻo wai ka mea e hana ana?

ʻO ka NATO, alakaʻi ʻia a hoʻokele ʻia e USA, ua kāʻili pono a i ʻaoʻao ʻia i ke kuleana nui o ka UN no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka maluhia honua. ʻAʻole paha he manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole kēia inā ʻo NATO a me USA i lawe maoli a hoʻokō i ka hana maoli a ka UN i ka mālama ʻana i ka maluhia honua.

Ua hana lākou i ka ʻaoʻao kikoʻī, ma lalo o ke ʻano o nā mea i kapa ʻia he kōkua kōkua kanaka, a ma hope ma lalo o ke ʻano hou o ke kulekele UN hou i kapa ʻia ʻo R2P kuleana e pale aku.[2] I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki 1990, ua komo kūpono ʻole ka US ma Somalia a laila haʻalele loa i kēlā mikionali, e waiho ana iā Somalia ma ke ʻano he kūlana kūleʻa ʻole mai ia manawa mai, a ua kūleʻa ʻole ʻo ia e kāohi a kāpae paha i ka luku ʻana o Rwandan. Ua hele lohi ka US a me NATO i Bosnia, a ʻaʻole i kākoʻo kūpono i ka mikiona UN UNPROFOR ma laila, e hōʻike ana ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka Yugoslavia mua paha ko lākou kumu maoli. Mai ka makahiki 1999, ua ʻike ʻia nā pahuhopu a me nā hana a ka US a me NATO e lilo i mea ʻoi aku ka maopopo a me ka haki ākea o ka UN Charter.

ʻO kēia nā pilikia nui e hoʻonā maʻalahi ʻole ʻia. ʻO nā mea e kākoʻo ana i ka ʻōnaehana kūwaho e kū nei, a pili pū paha kēia i ka hapa nui o nā ʻepekema ʻepekema politika, e haʻi iā mākou he ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia, a ʻo ka poʻe i kūʻē i kēia ʻōnaehana honua anarchic he idealist utopian wale nō. Ua hoʻomau ʻia kēlā mau paio ma mua o ke Kaua Honua 2, ma mua o ka hoʻohana hoʻomāinoino ʻana i nā mea kaua nukelea. I kēia manawa ke alo kanaka a me ke kaiaolaola holoʻokoʻa ma ka Honua Honua e alo i ka make ma muli o ka militarism waho o ka mana, alakaʻi nui ʻia e USA. Eia nō naʻe, mai poina iā mākou he ʻekolu mau mana nukelea ʻē aʻe, Kina, India a me Pakistan i hakakā hakakā ma luna o nā pilikia palena ʻāina a i nā manawa i hala iho nei, i hiki ai ke alakaʻi maʻalahi i nā kaua nukelea āpana.

ʻO ka mālama maluhia a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maluhia honua ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wikiwiki ma mua o kēia manawa. Pono pono ka lāhui e hoʻohana i kāna kumuwaiwai i loaʻa e hana i kahi maluhia mau loa, a he mea nui ka hana a nā makaʻāinana i kēia kaʻina hana maluhia, inā ʻaʻole e uku nā makaʻāinana o kēia honua i kahi kumukūʻai weliweli.

E pili ana i nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka pūʻali koa e like me ka poʻe kiaʻi maluhia he kūpono paha ia e noi i nā kaohi ʻoi loa o nā ʻano o ka pūʻali koa e hoʻohana ʻia no ka maluhia, a me nā kānāwai koʻikoʻi loa e pili ana i nā hana hoʻomalu maluhia a ma luna o nā mea hoʻomalu maluhia. Pono e hoʻohui ʻia kēia mau mea me ka hoʻohui o nā lehulehu hou aku i ka maluhia ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā koa hoʻomalu maluhia me nā kiaʻi kiaʻi kīwila.

ʻO kahi nīnau nui e pili ana e pono ai mākou e nīnau a pane, aʻu e hana ai i kaʻu Kaʻina PhD i pau i ka 2008, inā ua kūleʻa ka maluhia. ʻO kaʻu mau manaʻo i makemake nui ʻole ʻia, a eia nō naʻe, me kekahi mau hoʻokoe ʻana, mālama maluhia ʻo United Nations, a me ka hana ʻana o ka UN no ka hoʻokō ʻana i kāna kuleana nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka maluhia o ka honua he mau hopena maikaʻi ʻole ia, no ka mea ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia ka UN e kūleʻa. Hiki ke kiʻi ʻia kahi kope o kaʻu Tesis ma kēia loulou i lalo. [3]

Ke hana nei nā hui lehulehu i ka hana a mālama ʻana i ka maluhia.

Keia mau puke:

1. ʻO nā mea kōkua manawaleʻa o Nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa unv.org. He hui lālā kēia i loko o ka UN e hāʻawi ana i nā mea manawaleʻa kīwila no ka nui o nā ʻano maluhia a me nā ʻano ʻano hoʻomohala ma nā ʻāina he nui.
2. Peaceforce Non Kino - https://www.nonviolentpeaceforce.org/ - ʻO kā mākou Misiona - Nonviolent Peaceforce (NP) kahi keʻena palekana kūloko o ka honua (NGO) i hoʻokumu ʻia i loko o ke kānāwai kūloko kanaka a me ka honua. ʻO kā mākou nuʻukia ka pale ʻana i nā makaʻāinana i nā hakakā hakakā ma o nā hoʻolālā kaua ʻole, kūkulu i ka ʻaoʻao maluhia me nā kaiāulu kūloko, a me ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka lawe ākea ʻana o kēia mau ala e mālama i nā ola kanaka a me ka hanohano. Nānā ka NP i kahi moʻomeheu o ka maluhia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa kahi e hakakā ai nā hakakā ma waena a ma waena o nā kaiāulu a me nā ʻāina ma o nā kumu nonviolent. Alakaʻi ʻia mākou e nā loina o ka nonviolence, non-partisanship, primacy o nā mea hana kūloko, a me nā hana civila-i-civila.
3. Nā mea pale pale alo mua: https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/ - Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea kūpale mua ma Dublin i ka makahiki 2001 me ka pahuhopu kikoʻī no ka pale ʻana i nā mea pale i ke kuleana kanaka (HRDs), nā kānaka e hana nei, me ka hana ʻole ʻole, no kekahi o nā kuleana i kau ʻia ma ka Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR ). ʻO nā Defenders o ka laina mua e kamaʻilio nei i nā pono palekana i ʻike ʻia e HRDs iā lākou iho. - ʻO ka nuʻukia o Front Line Defenders ka mea e pale aku a kākoʻo i nā mea pale i nā kuleana kanaka i makaʻu ʻia ma muli o kā lākou hana pono kanaka.
4. CEDAW ʻO ka Convention on the Elimined of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women kahi kuʻikahi kūwaho i lawe ʻia i 1979 e ka United Nations General Assembly. Ua wehewehe ʻia ma ke ʻano he bilaka ākea o nā kuleana wahine no ka wahine, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma ka lā 3 Kepakemapa 1981 a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia e 189 mau mokuʻāina. He mea nui kēlā ʻano ʻaha kūwaho no ka pale ʻana i nā makaʻāinana, ʻo ia hoʻi nā wahine a me nā keiki.
5. ʻO ka VSI Volunteer Service International https://www.vsi.ie/experience/volunteerstories/meast/longterm-volunteering-in-palestine/
6. Kahului VSO vsointernational.org - ʻO kā mākou kumu e hana i ka loli mau loa ma o ka manawaleʻa ʻana. Lawe mākou i ka loli ʻaʻole ma ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā kōkua, akā ma ka hana ʻana ma o nā mea manawaleʻa a me nā hoa e hoʻoikaika i ka poʻe e noho ana i kekahi o nā wahi ʻilihune a nānā ʻole ʻia o ka honua.
7. Aloha nāʻaʻa https://www.lovevolunteers.org/destinations/volunteer-palestine
8. Nā hui o ka honua i pili i ka nānā ʻana i nā koho balota ma nā kūlana post post:

• ʻO ka hui no ka palekana a me ke alu like ʻana ma ʻEulopa (OSCE) osce.org hoʻolako i nā mikiona nānā balota no nā ʻāina ma ka hikina o ʻEulopa a me nā ʻāina i pili mua me ka Soviet Union. Hāʻawi pū ʻo OSCE i nā limahana maluhia ma kekahi o kēia mau ʻāina e like me Ukraine a me Armenia / Azerbaijan
• Uniona ʻEulopa: Hāʻawi ka EU i nā mikiona e nānā nei i nā koho balota ma nā ʻāpana o ka honua i uhi ʻole ʻia e ka OSCE, e like me ʻAsia, ʻApelika a me Latin America.
• Ka Hale Carter kalaka.org

ʻO nā mea i luna aʻe kekahi o nā hui i hiki i nā makaʻāinana ke pāʻani i nā kuleana nui i ka hana ʻana i ka maluhia.

Nā hopena:

He mea nui ke kuleana o ka neʻe ʻana o ka maluhia ma waena o nā ʻāina akā pono kēia e hoʻonui ʻia e hana i kahi neʻe maluhia o ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ke alu like ʻana ma waena o ka lehulehu o nā hui maluhia e noho nei. Nā hui e like me World Beyond War hiki ke pāʻani i nā kuleana nui i ka pale ʻana i ka hana ʻino a me ka pale ʻana i nā kaua e hana nei i ka manawa mua. E like me ka hihia me kā mākou lawelawe olakino kahi i ʻoi aku ai ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi a me nā maʻi ahulau ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hōʻola i kēia mau maʻi ma hope o ka paʻa ʻana, a ʻo ka pale ʻana i nā kaua he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hōʻoki i nā kaua ke kū lākou. ʻO ka mālama maluhia kahi noi kūpono o ke kōkua mua, kahi hopena plaster sticking i nā ʻeha o ke kaua. ʻO ka mālama maluhia ka mea like o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā maʻi ʻino o nā kaua kolohe e pono ke pale ʻia ma mua.

ʻO ka mea e pono ai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai i loaʻa i ke kanaka ma ke kumu nui i ka pale ʻana i nā kaua, ka hana ʻana i ka maluhia, ka pale ʻana a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ko mākou nohona nohona, ma mua o ka militarism a me ka hana kaua ʻana.

ʻO kēia kekahi o nā kī nui i ka kūleʻa ʻana i ka maluhia ākea a ākea paha.

ʻO nā kuhi no nā lilo o ka pūʻali koa honua no 2019 i helu ʻia e SIPRI, STOCKHOLM INTERNATIONAL PEACE RESESTCH INSTITUTE i hōʻea ʻia i 1,914 biliona kālā. Eia nō naʻe, nui nā wahi o ka hoʻolilo pūʻali koa i hoʻokomo ʻole ʻia i loko o kēia mau helu SIPRI no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui maoli ma mua o 3,000 biliona kālā.

I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka loaʻa kālā o ka UN no ka makahiki 2017 he 53.2 biliona kālā wale nō US a ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi paha kēia i nā ʻōlelo maoli i kēia manawa.

Hōʻike kēlā i ka lilo o ke kanaka ma 50 mau manawa i ka lilo o ka pūʻali koa ma mua o ka lilo o nā hana āpau o United Nations. ʻAʻole pili ka hoʻolilo kālā ʻana i nā koina o nā kaua e like me, nā kumukūʻai kālā, nā hōʻino ʻana i nā ʻoihana, nā pōʻino o ke kaiapuni, a me nā lilo o nā ola kanaka. [4]

ʻO ka pahuhopu i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke ola o ke kanaka no ka lāhui, a ʻo ia pū me ʻoe a me aʻu, e hoʻohuli i kēia mau koina hoʻolilo ʻana a e hoʻolilo i ka liʻiliʻi ma ka militarism a me nā kaua, a ʻoi aku ka nui ma ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maluhia, ka pale ʻana a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka nohona honua a ma nā mea e pili ana i ke olakino kanaka, ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ke kaulike maoli.

Pono e hoʻokomo i ka pono kaulike ākea i kahi ʻōnaehana o ka jurisprudence honua, kuleana a me nā reparations mai nā mokuʻāina i hana i nā kaua o ka huhū. ʻAʻohe nui o ka palekana mai ka kuleana a me ka hoʻopono a me ka hoʻopaʻi ʻole ʻia no nā hewa kaua, a ua koi kēia i ka lawe koke ʻana i ka mana o ka veto ma ka UN Security Council.

[1] https://www.un.org/disarmament/wmd/nuclear/tpnw/

[2] https://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/assets/pdf/Backgrounder%20R2P%202014.pdf

[3] https://www.pana.ie/download/Thesis-Edward_Horgan%20-United_Nations_Reform.pdf

[4] https://transnational.live/2021/01/16/tff-statement-convert-military-expenditures-to-global-problem-solving/