By David Swanson
An cire daga littafin da aka saki Yakin Ba Yayi Kawai.
Yaƙin Duniya na II ana kiransa “yaƙi mai kyau,” kuma ya kasance tun lokacin yaƙin Amurka a Vietnam wanda daga baya aka bambanta shi. Yaƙin Duniya na II ya mamaye Amurka sabili da haka nishaɗin yamma da ilimantarwa, cewa “mai kyau” yakan zama ma'anar wani abu fiye da “adalci” kawai. Wacce ta yi nasara a gasar sarauniyar kyau "Miss Italy" a farkon wannan shekarar ta shiga cikin wata 'yar matsala ta hanyar bayyana cewa za ta so rayuwa ta cikin Yaƙin Duniya na II. Yayin da aka yi mata ba'a, ba ta kasance ita kaɗai ba. Da yawa suna son kasancewa cikin wani abu wanda aka nuna a fili kamar mai martaba, jarumi, kuma mai ban sha'awa. Idan da gaske za su sami inji, ina ba da shawarar su karanta maganganun wasu tsoffin tsoffin sojan WWII da waɗanda suka tsira kafin su koma su shiga fun.[i] Don dalilan wannan littafi, duk da haka, zan duba ne kawai a kan iƙirarin cewa WWII ta kasance halin kirki.
Komai shekaru nawa mutum ya rubuta littattafai, yayi tambayoyi, ya buga ginshiƙai, kuma yayi magana a abubuwan da suka faru, ya zama kusan abu ne mai wuya a fitar da shi ƙofar taron wani abu a cikin Amurka wanda kuka ba da shawarar kawar da yaƙi ba tare da wani ya buge ku ba abin-game-da-kyau-yaki-tambaya. Wannan imanin cewa akwai yaƙi mai kyau shekaru 75 da suka gabata babban ɓangare ne na abin da ke motsa jama'ar Amurka su haƙura da zubar da dala tiriliyan a kowace shekara don shiryawa idan akwai yaƙi mai kyau a shekara mai zuwa,[ii] koda a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa a cikin shekaru 70 da suka gabata wanda a kan akwai yarjejeniya gabaɗaya cewa ba su da kyau. Ba tare da tatsuniyoyi masu daɗi, ingantattu game da Yaƙin Duniya na II ba, farfaganda ta yanzu game da Rasha ko Siriya ko Iraki ko China zai zama wawanci ga yawancin mutane kamar yadda yake mini. Kuma tabbas kudaden da kyakkyawan labari ya haifar ya haifar da mummunan yaƙe-yaƙe, maimakon hana su. Na yi rubutu a kan wannan batun a tsayi mai yawa a cikin labarai da littattafai da yawa, musamman Yakin Yaqi ne.[iii] Amma zan gabatar a nan wasu mahimman mahimman bayanai waɗanda yakamata aƙalla sanya seedsan tsaran shakku a cikin tunanin yawancin Amurkawa magoya bayan WWII a matsayin Just War.
Mark Allman da Tobias Winright, marubutan "Just War" waɗanda aka tattauna a cikin surorin da suka gabata, ba sa zuwa sosai tare da jerin sunayen su na Just Wars, amma suna ambaton wucewar abubuwa da yawa na rashin adalci na rawar da Amurka ke takawa a yakin duniya na biyu, gami da ƙoƙarin Amurka da Burtaniya don shafe yawan biranen Jamusawa[iv] da kuma tsayayya a kan rashin amincewa.[v] Duk da haka, sun kuma bayar da shawarar cewa za su yi imani cewa wannan yaki ya shiga cikin adalci, wanda ba a yi adalci ba, kuma an bi shi ta hanyar Shirin Marshall, da sauransu.[vi] Ban tabbata ba rawar da Jamus ke yi a matsayin rundunar sojojin Amurka, makamai, da tashoshin sadarwa, kuma a matsayin mai haɗin gwiwa a yaƙe-yaƙe na Amurka na tsawon shekaru an haɗa shi cikin lissafin.
Anan ga abin da nake tunani a matsayin manyan dalilai 12 na Kyakkyawan Yaƙin bai yi kyau ba / kawai.
- Yaƙin Duniya na II ba zai iya faruwa ba bayan yakin duniya na, ba tare da irin wauta ba na fara yakin duniya na sama da har ma da rashin fahimtar kawo ƙarshen yakin duniya na wanda ya jagoranci mutane da yawa masu hikima su hango yakin duniya na II akan wannan wuri, ko kuma ba tare da taimakon Wall Street na Nazi Jamus shekaru da yawa (kamar yadda ya fi dacewa da 'yan gurguzu), ko kuma ba tare da tseren makamai ba da yawancin yanke shawara mara kyau wadanda basu buƙatar sake maimaita a nan gaba.
- Ba a yi wa gwamnatin Amurka wani harin bazata ba. Shugaba Franklin Roosevelt ya yi wa Churchill a hankali cewa Amurka za ta yi aiki tuƙuru don tsokano Japan ta kai hari. FDR ta san cewa harin na zuwa, kuma da farko an tsara sanarwar yaƙi da Jamus da Japan a maraice Pearl Harbor. Kafin Pearl Harbor, FDR ta gina sansanoni a Amurka da tekuna da yawa, sun yi cinikin makamai ga Burtaniya don sansanoni, sun fara daftarin, sun kirkiro jerin kowane Ba'amurke Ba'amurke da ke cikin ƙasar, ya ba da jiragen sama, masu ba da horo, da matukan jirgi zuwa China , sun sanya takunkumi mai tsauri a kan Japan, kuma sun shawarci sojojin Amurka cewa an fara yaƙi da Japan. Ya gaya wa manyan mashawartansa cewa yana sa ran kai hari a ranar 1 ga Disamba, wanda ya kwana shida. Ga wata sanarwa a cikin Sakataren Yakin Henry War Stimson na littafin bayan taron Nuwamba 25, 1941, fadar White House: “Shugaban ya ce Jafananci sun yi kaurin suna wajen kai hari ba tare da gargadi ba kuma ya ce za a iya kawo mana hari, ka ce Litinin mai zuwa, misali. ”
- Yaƙin ya ba da agaji ba kuma ba a kasuwa ba har sai bayan an gama. Babu wani takarda da kake buƙatar ka taimaki Uncle Sam ajiye Yahudawa. An kori jirgin ruwa na 'yan gudun hijirar Yahudawa daga Jamus daga Miami ta wurin Guard Coast. {Asar Amirka da sauran} asashen sun ki amincewa da 'yan gudun hijira na Yahudawa, kuma mafi yawan jama'ar {asar Amirka sun amince da wannan matsayi. Kungiyoyin zaman lafiya da suka tambayi firaministan kasar Winston Churchill da kuma sakatarensa na waje game da sufurin Yahudawa daga Jamus don a cece su sun fada cewa, yayin da Hitler zai iya yarda da wannan shirin, zai zama matsala sosai kuma yana buƙatar da yawa. {Asar Amirka ba ta shiga wata} o} arin diflomasiyya ko soja don ceton mutanen da ke fama da sansanin 'yan Nazi. Anne Frank an hana shi takardar visa ta Amirka. Kodayake wannan batu ba shi da wani abin da ya faru da wani shahararrun masanin tarihi game da WWII a matsayin Just War, yana da mahimmanci ga tarihin tarihin Amurka wanda zan hada a nan wata maƙalli daga Nicholson Baker:
"Anthony Eden, sakataren harkokin waje na Birtaniya, wanda Churchill ya yi masa tambayoyi game da 'yan gudun hijirar, ya tattauna da daya daga cikin manyan wakilai, inda ya ce duk wani kokarin diplomasiyya don samun saki Yahudawa daga Hitler" ba shi yiwuwa ba. " A kan tafiya zuwa Amurka, Eden ya gaya wa Cordell Hull, Sakataren Gwamnati, cewa hakikanin matsala tare da tambayar Hitler ga Yahudawa shi ne, 'Hitler zai iya ɗaukar mu a kan irin wannan tayin, kuma a can kawai bai isa jiragen ruwa ba da kuma hanyoyin sufuri a duniya don rike su. ' Churchill ya amince. 'Ko da ya kamata mu sami izini don janye dukan Yahudawa,' ya rubuta a cikin wasiƙar da ya buƙaci, 'sufuri kadai ya kawo matsala wanda zai kasance da wuyar warwarewa.' Isasshen sufuri da sufuri ba su isa ba? Shekaru biyu da suka wuce, Birtaniya sun fitar da kusan mutane 340,000 daga rairayin bakin teku na Dunkirk a cikin kwanaki tara kawai. Rundunar Soja ta Amurka tana da dubban jiragen sama. A lokacin har ma da bindigogi, 'yan uwan sun iya daukar nauyin jirgin sama da kuma' yan gudun hijirar daga cikin yankunan Jamus. "[vii]
Wataƙila yana tafiya zuwa ga tambayar "Dama Dama" cewa "mai kyau" na yaƙin kawai bai ba da komai ba game da abin da zai zama babban misali na munin ɓangaren "mummunan" yaƙin.
- Yaƙin bai kare ba. FDR ta yi ikirarin cewa yana da taswirar shirin Nazi don ya kafa Kudancin Amurka, cewa yana da shirin Nazi don kawar da addini, cewa jiragen ruwa na Amirka (da ke taimaka wa jiragen yaki na Birtaniya) sun kai hari ta hanyar Nazis, cewa Jamus ta zama barazana ga Ƙasar. Jihohi.[viii] Ana iya sanya karar cewa Amurka ta bukaci shiga cikin yaki a Turai don kare wasu ƙasashe, wanda ya shiga don kare duk da haka sauran ƙasashe, amma har ila yau ana iya karar cewa Amurka ta ci gaba da kai hare-haren fararen hula, ta kara yakin, kuma ya haifar da lalacewa fiye da yadda ya faru, idan Amurka ba ta yi kome ba, kokarin ƙoƙari na diflomasiyya, ko kuma an kashe shi a nonviolence. Don da'awar cewa mulkin Nazi zai iya girma har zuwa wani rana ya haɗa da wani aikin da Amurka ke da shi a cikin gaggawa kuma ba'a samo shi ta hanyar wani koyi ko kuma daga baya daga wasu yaƙe-yaƙe ba.
- Yanzu mun fahimci sosai da kuma ƙarin bayanan da ke nuna rashin amincewa da aikin da rashin adalci ya fi nasara - da kuma nasarar da ya fi dacewa da juriya. Tare da wannan ilimin, zamu iya kallon baya a kan nasarar da ba a yi ba a kan Nazis wanda ba a shirya ba ko kuma an gina shi ba tare da nasarar da suka samu ba.[ix]
- Kyakkyawan Yaƙin ba shi da kyau ga sojoji. Rashin cikakken horo na zamani da yanayin ɗabi'a don shirya sojoji don aikata mummunan dabi'a na kisan kai, kusan kashi 80 na Amurka da sauran rundunoni a Yaƙin Duniya na II ba su harba makamansu ga “abokan gaba.”[X] Gaskiyar cewa, tsofaffi na WWII sun kasance mafi alheri bayan yaki fiye da sauran sojoji kafin ko tun lokacin da aka samu, sakamakon sakamakon da Bonus Army ya yi bayan yakin da ya gabata. An baiwa tsoffin tsoffin 'yan gudun hijirar kyauta, kwaleji, kiwon lafiya, da kuma biyan kuɗi ba saboda muhimmancin yakin ba ko kuma sakamakon wani yaki. Ba tare da yakin ba, ana iya samun kowa a kolejin kyauta a shekaru masu yawa. Idan muka bayar da kwaleji kyauta ga kowa a yau, to, zai buƙaci fiye da labarun yakin Duniya na II na Hollywood wanda zai sa mutane da dama su shiga tashoshin rikodin soja.
- Sau da dama an kashe yawan mutanen da aka kashe a sansanonin Jamus a waje da su a yakin. Yawancin mutanen sun kasance fararen hula. Sakamakon kisan, da ciwo, da kuma lalacewa ya sanya WWII abu mafi munin ɗan adam wanda ya yi wa kansa a cikin gajeren lokaci. Muna tunanin abokan hamayyar sun kasance suna "tsayayya" ga mummunan kisan da aka yi a sansani. Amma wannan ba zai iya tabbatar da maganin da ya fi cutar ba.
- Sakamakon yakin da ya hada da hallaka duk farar hula da birane, wanda ya ƙare a cikin nukiliya mai mahimmanci na birane ya karbi yakin duniya na WWII daga mutane masu yawa wadanda suka kare ta farawa-kuma daidai ne haka. Samun kullun da mika wuya da kuma neman fadada mutuwa da wahala sunyi mummunan lalacewa kuma sun bar mummunar lalacewa da kariya.
- Kashe mutane da yawa ana tsammanin abin kariya ne ga ɓangaren “mai kyau” a cikin yaƙi, amma ba don “mummunan” gefen ba. Bambanci tsakanin su biyun bai taɓa zama kamar yadda ake hasashe ba. Kasar Amurka tana da dadadden tarihi a matsayin kasar wariyar launin fata. Al'adar Amurka na zaluntar Ba'amurke Ba'amurke, aiwatar da kisan kare dangi kan 'yan asalin Amurka, kuma a yanzu da Amurkawa Jafananci da ke ciki suka haifar da wasu shirye-shirye na musamman wadanda suka karfafa gwiwar Nazis ta Jamus - wadannan sun hada da sansanonin' yan Asalin Amurkawa, da shirye-shiryen eugenics da gwajin mutum wanda ya kasance kafin, lokacin, da bayan yakin. Ofayan waɗannan shirye-shiryen ya haɗa da ba da cutar syphilis ga mutane a Guatemala a daidai lokacin da ake gwajin Nuremberg.[xi] Sojojin Amurka sun dauki daruruwan Nazis a karshen yakin; sun dace daidai.[xii] {Asar Amirka na nufin cike da mulkin duniya, kafin yakin, a lokacin da kuma tun daga lokacin. Jamus neo-Nazis a yau, an haramta izinin flag nazi, wani lokaci ana yiwa flag na Ƙasar Amurka ta maimakon haka.
- “Angaren “kyakkyawa” na “kyakkyawar yaƙi,” ƙungiyar da ta yi yawancin kisa da mutuwa don ɓangaren da ya ci nasara, ita ce Tarayyar Soviet ta gurguzu. Wannan ba ya sa yaƙin ya zama babban nasara ga kwaminisanci, amma yana ɓata tarihin Washington da Hollywood na cin nasarar “dimokiradiyya.”[xiii]
- Yaƙin Duniya na II har yanzu bai ƙare ba. Talakawa a Amurka ba su da harajin kuɗin shigar su har zuwa Yaƙin Duniya na II kuma hakan ba zai taɓa tsayawa ba. Ya kamata ya zama na ɗan lokaci.[xiv] Kasashen duniya na WWII a duniya sun taba rufe. Sojan Amurka ba su bar Jamus ko Japan ba.[xv] Akwai fiye da 100,000 Amurka da boma-bamai na Birtaniya har yanzu suna cikin ƙasa a Jamus, har yanzu suna kashe.[xvi]
- Komawa shekaru 75 zuwa wani yanki na nukiliya, mulkin mallaka na duniya da bambanci daban-daban, dokoki, da halaye don tabbatar da abin da ya fi girma a Amurka a cikin kowane shekarun tun lokacin ya zama wani abu mai ban mamaki da yaudarar yaudara wanda ba ' t ƙoƙari don tabbatar da ƙananan ƙananan kamfanoni. Da alama ina da lambobi 1 ta hanyar 11 ba daidai ba ne, kuma har yanzu kuna bayani game da yadda wani abu daga farkon 1940 ya bada izinin zubar da nauyin 2017 trillion a cikin kudaden yaki wanda za'a iya ciyarwa don ciyarwa, kayan ado, magani, da kuma tsari miliyoyin mutane, da kuma kare muhallin kare ƙasa.
NOTES
[i] Studs Terkel, Good War: Tarihin Maganar Yakin Duniya na II (The New Press: 1997).
[ii] Chris Hellman, TomDispatch, "$ Tiriliyan $ 1.2 don Tsaron Kasa," Maris 1, 2011, http://www.tomdispatch.com/blog/175361
[iii] David Swanson, War ne A Lie, Darasi na biyu (Charlottesville: Litattafan Duniya, 2016).
[iv] Mark J. Allman & Tobias L. Winright, Bayan Mashawarwar Smoke: Yin Hadarin Karshe da War War Justice (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2010) p. 46.
[v] Mark J. Allman & Tobias L. Winright, Bayan Mashawarwar Smoke: Yin Hadarin Karshe da War War Justice (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2010) p. 14.
[vi] Mark J. Allman & Tobias L. Winright, Bayan Mashawarwar Smoke: Yin Hadarin Karshe da War War Justice (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2010) p. 97.
[vii] War Ba Ƙari: Shekaru uku na Amurka Antiwar da aminci Amincewa, edita by Lawrence Rosendwald.
[viii] David Swanson, War ne A Lie, Darasi na biyu (Charlottesville: Litattafan Duniya, 2016).
[ix] Littafin da fim: A Force More Mai karfi, http://aforcemorepowerful.org
[X] Dave Grossman, Game da Kashe: Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Kimiyya don Kashe a War da Ƙungiyar (Littattafan Back Bay: 1996).
[xi] Donald G. McNeil Jr., The New York Times, "Amurka ta gafarta wa gwajin Syphilis a Guatemala," Oktoba 1, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/02/health/research/02infect.html
[xii] Annie Jacobsen, Takaddun Bayanin Shirin: Shirye-shiryen Intanet na Asiri na Farfesa Nazi masana'antu zuwa Amirka (Little, Brown da Company, 2014).
[xiii] Oliver Stone da Peter Kuznick, Tarihin bazawa na Amurka (Littattafan Gida, 2013).
[xiv] Steven A. Bank, Kirk J. Stark, da kuma Joseph J. Thorndike, War da haraji (Cibiyar Nazarin Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwanci, 2008).
[xv] RootsAction.org, "Ƙauracewa daga Ƙungiyar Baƙin Ƙasar. Rufe Tashar Hotunan Ramstein, "http://act.rootsaction.org/p/dia/action3/common/public/?action_KEY=12254
[xvi] David Swanson, "(asar Amirka Kawai Ta Buga wa Jamus Bam," http://davidswanson.org/node/5134
daya Response
Hi David Swanson
Kuna iya ko ba za ku tuna ba, Na sake aikawa a ranar Disamba 17 game da makircin miliyoyin da zasu yi watsi da gwamnatin Amurka (ya hada da Smedley Butler) da kuma jita-jita na FDR tare da masana'antun Amurka na baya bayan nan don sake tabbatar musu da lafiyar matsayi.
Ni masanin tarihin WWII (matsayi mai son, amma sana'a ta horaswa) kuma ina so in kara yawan abin da kuke fada game da WWII ba mai kyau ba ne. Wannan ba shi da wani abu da kake faɗa, kawai nawa guda biyu. Yi haƙuri a gaba don tsayin, Ina tsammanin za ku iya son wasu ƙaddamar da dalilan ku WWII ba yaki ne kawai ba.
Zan sanya adadin kuɗi ta hanyar batu.
#1 Na karanta cewa wasu masana'antun yaki a Jamus ba a taba rushe su ba saboda kamfanonin Jamus sun kasance da karfi sosai tare da wadanda ke cikin fararen hula na Jamus suka koyi tafiya zuwa ɗayan waɗannan masana'antu saboda an dauke su lafiya. Wannan, duk da haka zai buƙaci jefa bom da ya fi dacewa fiye da na gaskata shi ne.
Kamfanoni na Amurka sun mallaki dukiya na Jamusanci waɗanda suke da kasuwanci, a bankunan da ke jiran yakin ya kawo karshen haka za'a iya mayar da wadannan dukiya ga mutanen Jamus.
#2 (Ƙananan ma'anar) An yarda da izinin hana man fetur daga kasar Japan a yau kamar aikin yaki.
An kai hare-haren ne da cewa dakarun jirgin sama Amurka (kyautar mafi girma ga Jafananci) ba su shiga tashar jirgin sama ba. Sun kasance suna kallon jiragen ruwa na Japan.
#3 Babu shakka dokar soja ta Amurka ba ta umarce su ba, amma mafi yawancin lokuta abu ne mai ban sha'awa wanda wasu daga cikin manyan sojoji suka sani. Sojan soji ba shi da wani shiri ko kuma sha'awar kubutar da sansani.
#4Indeed, dukansu} asashen Japan da Jamus suna fama da wata matsala. US da USSR ba. Kasashen biyu suna neman samun nasara ga tattalin arziki da kuma dalilai na soja. Kaddamar da Amurka ta zama ba daidai ba yayin da yake zama na USSR.
#7 Bama-bamai mai mahimmanci shine labari ne. Harshen jiragen sama na Jamus ya kasance a mafi girma a 1944, lokacin da 'yan uwan sun jefa bom. Churchill ya bayyana a fili cewa bukatar shi ne "aikin gida" ma'aikata na Jamus don yin kwaskwarima. Labaran shi ne mafi kyawun kayayyaki na wannan yaki na attrition. Yaƙi ne na injuna, injuna na ciki. Ka yi la'akari da yawancin ɓangarorin da suke cikin fashewa na injiniya hudu kuma nawa ne -wowan da aka dauka don gina ɗaya. Rundunar iska ta kasance a kan ma'aikatan Jamus (ba Jamus ba). Binciken boma-bamai bayan yaki ya gano kawai 20% na bama-bamai da Amurka ta fitar a Turai ya zo cikin mil mil da makircinsu. (Idan na iya tuna daidai). 'Yan Jamus sun tsai da aikin sacewa a cikin shekarar bara ta yakin basasa saboda an yi amfani da aiki na asali. Abin mamaki, wannan shi ne tikitin daga Gabashin Turai don 'yan gudun hijira zuwa Amurka (na sadu da' ya'yansu).
#8 A matsayin digiri, na yi ɗaya daga cikin muhimman takardunku game da wajibi na amfani da bam din bam. Jafananci sunyi tunanin 20% mutuwar fararen hula a cikin hunturu 1945-6 saboda tsananin damuwa da rashin abinci mai gina jiki saboda yakin Amurka. Sec. An ruwaito Stimson a bayan harin bam din "Wannan zai sa Russia su san" kuma ya taimaka wajen ciyar da dala biliyan 1 akan aikin Manhattan wanda ba a kwashe shi ba. Saboda haka ya damu cewa shi da sauran mutane zasu shiga gidan kurkuku idan ba a yi amfani da bam ba. Shi ne "black op" na farko - aikin da aka yi tare da babban $$ amma ba amincewar majalisa ba. Akwai abubuwa da yawa. (Dukkan wannan za'a samu a Richard Rhodes "Yin Aikar Bom din Bom".
#10 Yaƙin ya kamata a raba shi cikin War a Turai da War a cikin Pacific. Kamar yadda ba ku ba, an yi yakin da ake yi a Turai da kuma lashe gasar ta Soviets. 'Yan Soviet sun jawo wa halaka fiye da yadda' yan asarar suka mutu. Kuma babu wani $$ don sake gina su. Lalle ne shirin Marshall yana da tasiri masu tasiri na kasancewa alamar bashi don yawan adadin babban kamfani da masana'antar Amurka ke haifarwa, wanda ba za a iya tsayawa a kan dime ba. Ba a maimaita cewa kadai ma'aikata a Turai ta Yamma da kowane hakki a karshen yakin ya kasance jam'iyyun kwaminisanci wadanda suka kasance suna da karfi wajen yin juriya. Shirin Marshall ya taimaka wajen yaki da su, tare da kungiyoyin agaji da OSS / CIA ke bayarwa da kuma kula da AFL-Iio.
An yanke shawarar yankewa 1944 shawara don cinye sojojin Soviet fiye da miliyan 1 a maimakon tsayayya a 1943. Ƙungiyar 1943 ta iya saduwa da Soviets a Vistula maimakon Oder.
Tun da farko a cikin yakin, FDR ta yi biyayya ga wani abu da Churchill ya bayar tare da "kai hare-hare a kan ƙananan ruɗin Turai". Turai ta kasance a baya, kuma hanya mafi sauri a Jamus ita ce hanyar da Jamus ta yi amfani da ita sau biyu don mamaye Faransa-ta hanyar filayen Belgium da Northern Jamus (shirin Von Schlieffen). Harin da aka kai a kan Italiya ya zama abin haɗari don shiga dakarun da ke da alaka da su a gabashin Yammacin Turai kafin Soviets suka isa can (ko da yake ban tabbata ba yadda hakan zai samu-alps suna cikin hanyar Jamus da gabashin Turai). Churchill da FDR sun san cewa abokan adawa za su ci nasara, kuma cewa wata kawance a tsakanin babban abu na Amurka da kuma dan Adam na SSS ba zai iya rasa yakin basira ba ko ta yaya sojojin zasu iya rushewa. Na kwatanta yakin a Turai (da kuma Pacific) ga abin da ya faru lokacin da mazaje hudu ke zaune a cikin wasa na poker tare da miliyon. Miliyan na cin nasara a karshen kowane dare. Ba za ku iya buduff da miliyon ba, zai iya ganin kowane ƙoƙari, kuma da yardar rai da ƙarancin zai iya fuskantar kowace faɗar da abokin gaba yayi ƙoƙari. Hakan ya sa magungunan Churchill ya zama mafi mahimmanci a gare shi fiye da kayar da Nazis (bayan da aka dakatar da barazanar jefawa ko mamayewar Birtaniya). Churchill yana da wasu shirye-shiryen haɗari biyu (na yi hakuri cewa na karanta wannan a cikin littafi cewa ɗakin Siyasa na Chicago zai iya warwatsawa. Yana da mahimmanci kamar "Za mu iya cin nasara a 1943", amma yanzu ba google ba kuma ɗakin karatu na Chicago Kundin alama yana tabbatar da ainihin taken na littafin.)
Wata shirin shine Turkiyya ta dawo cikin yakin. Za a samu wannan ta hanyar tafiyar da dukan jiragen ruwa don mamaye Turai ta hanyar Bosporus da Dardanelles. Sa'an nan kuma, 'yan uwan sun yi sanyi a ƙasar Ukraine kuma sun yi yunkurin zuwa yammacin tare da Red Army. Wannan zai sa sojojin dakaru da ke gabashin Turai su fara aiki. Kada ku tuna abin da Turkiyya zai iya so ko kuyi, ko kuma wadannan rudani guda biyu sun kasance a cikin jerin hare-haren Nazi.
Shirin na biyu shine kyakkyawan shirin zuwa ƙasar Yugoslavia, kuma ya tura turawar ta hanyar shiga Lubyana zuwa Austria. Dukkanin mamayewa za su wuce ta hanyar tsaunukan dutse kuma a cikin jerin hare-haren Nazi. FDR ta yi korafin game da shirin da za a aika da karfi ta hanyar abin da ba zai iya bayyanawa ba.
Ba wai kawai WWII ta ci gaba da WWI ba, amma yakin sanyi ya fara ne tare da mayaƙan sojojin da ke cikin 1918 kuma ba a tsaya ba. Ba har zuwa yau ba.
#11 Daniel Berrigan ya fada mini cewa an sa Pentagon ne a asibiti a karshen yakin.
Yours da godiya ga karanta duk wannan.