By David Swanson, World BEYOND War, Janairu 24, 2023
Littafin Tariq Ali, Winston Churchill: Zamansa, Laifukansa, kyakkyawan juzu'i ne ga farfagandar da ba ta dace ba game da Winston Churchill wanda shine al'ada. Amma don jin daɗin wannan littafin, dole ne ku kasance kuna neman cikakken tarihin mutane na karni na 20 da batutuwa daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar Tariq Ali, gami da wani imani a cikin kwaminisanci da ɗumamawa (da kuma rashin kula da ayyukan rashin tashin hankali daga marubucin wanda ya rubuta ya inganta tarurrukan zaman lafiya), saboda yawancin littafin ba a kan Winston Churchill kai tsaye ba. (Wataƙila ga sassan da ke ambaton Churchill a zahiri za ku iya samun sigar lantarki kuma ku bincika sunansa.)
Churchill ya kasance mai fahariya, wanda bai tuba ba, mai goyon bayan wariyar launin fata, mulkin mallaka, kisan kare dangi, soja, makamai masu guba, makaman nukiliya, da zalunci na gaba ɗaya, kuma ya kasance mai girman kai ga duka. Ya kasance muguwar mai adawa da duk wani amfani ko fadada dimokuradiyya, tun daga mika kuri'a ga mata a gaba. An tsane shi sosai, sau da yawa ana yi masa ihu da zanga-zanga, wani lokacin kuma an kai masa hari da karfi, a Ingila a zamaninsa, ba ya damu da yawancin sauran kasashen duniya, saboda cin zarafin da ya yi wa ma’aikata, ciki har da yajin aikin ma’adinai da ya tura sojoji. kamar yadda ya shafi dumama.
Churchill, kamar yadda Ali ya rubuta, ya girma yana son daular Burtaniya wanda a cikinta zai taka rawa sosai. Ya yi tunanin ana bukatar kwarin Afganistan "a tsarkake su daga muguwar cuta da ke mamaye su" (ma'ana mutane). Ya so a yi amfani da makamai masu guba akan "ƙananan jinsi." Sojojin da ke karkashinsa sun kafa sansanonin tara mutane masu ban tsoro a Kenya. Ya kyamaci Yahudawa, kuma a cikin shekarun 1920 ana jin kamar ba za a iya bambanta su da Hitler ba, amma daga baya ya yi imanin cewa Yahudawa sun fi Falasdinawan da ya kamata su kasance suna da hakki fiye da karnuka batattu. Ya taka rawa wajen haifar da yunwa a Bengal, ba tare da damuwa ko kadan ba ga rayuwar dan adam. Amma ya kasance mai sha'awar yin amfani da tashin hankali na soja ta hanyoyi masu iyaka ga Birtaniyya, musamman Irish, masu zanga-zangar adawa da masu mulkin mallaka.
Churchill ya yi amfani da gwamnatin Burtaniya a hankali zuwa yakin duniya na daya, yana yaki da dama da dama don guje masa ko kuma ya kawo karshensa. Wannan labari (a shafi na 91-94, da 139 na Ali) tabbas ba a san shi ba, ko da yake mutane da yawa sun yarda cewa za a iya kaucewa WWI cikin sauƙi yayin da suke tunanin cewa ci gabanta a WWII ba zai iya kasancewa ba (duk da Churchill yana iƙirarin zai iya kasancewa). . Churchill shi ne ke da alhakin mummunan bala'i na Gallipoli, da kuma wani mummunan ƙoƙarin da zai haifar da lokacin haihuwa abin da zai gani a matsayin babban abokin gaba, Tarayyar Soviet, wanda shi ma yana so ya yi amfani da shi, kuma ya yi amfani da guba. gas. Churchill ya taimaka wajen sassaka Gabas ta Tsakiya, ya haifar da kasashe da bala'o'i a wurare kamar Iraki.
Churchill ya kasance mai goyon bayan bullar farkisanci, babban mai son Mussolini, wanda Hitler ya burge shi, babban mai goyon bayan Franco ko da bayan yakin, kuma mai goyon bayan amfani da Fasist a sassa daban-daban na duniya bayan yakin. Haka nan ya kasance mai goyon bayan tashin hankalin soja a Japan a matsayin katanga da Tarayyar Soviet. Amma da zarar ya yanke shawarar WWII, ya kasance mai himma game da guje wa zaman lafiya kamar yadda ya kasance tare da WWI. (Ba lallai ba ne a ce, yawancin mutanen Yammacin Turai a yau sun yi imanin cewa ya yi daidai a wancan lokaci na ƙarshe, cewa wannan mawaƙi mai ba da labari ɗaya a ƙarshe ya sami taron kade-kade na tarihi wanda ake buƙatarsa. Cewa wannan kuskure ne. doguwar tattaunawa.)
Churchill ya kai hari tare da lalata juriyar ‘yan Nazi a Girka kuma ya nemi ya mai da Girka ta zama ‘yan mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya, wanda ya haifar da yakin basasa da ya kashe mutane 600,000. Churchill ya yi murna da jefar da makamin nukiliya a Japan, yana adawa da wargaza daular Burtaniya kowane mataki, ya goyi bayan rugujewar Koriya ta Arewa, kuma shi ne jagoran juyin mulkin da Amurka ta yi a Iran a shekara ta 1953 wanda ke haifar da koma baya ga hakan. rana.
Duk abubuwan da ke sama an rubuta su da kyau daga Ali kuma yawancinsu wasu kuma yawancinsu sananne ne, amma duk da haka Churchill an gabatar mana da shi a cikin injin infotainment na kwamfutoci da Talabijin mu a matsayin babban mai kare dimokuradiyya da nagarta.
Akwai ma wasu ‘yan abubuwan da na yi mamakin ban samu ba a cikin littafin Ali.
Churchill ya kasance babban mai goyan bayan eugenics da haifuwa. Ina so in karanta wannan babin.
Sannan akwai batun shigar Amurka cikin yakin duniya na biyu. The Lusitan Jamus ta kai wa Jamus hari ba tare da faɗakarwa ba, a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, an gaya mana a cikin littattafan rubutu na Amurka, duk da cewa Jamus ta buga gargaɗi a jaridu da jaridu na New York a Amurka. Waɗannan gargaɗin sun kasance buga kusa da tallace-tallace don tafiya a kan Lusitan kuma ofishin jakadancin Jamus ya sanya hannu. Jaridu sun rubuta labarai game da gargaɗin. An tambayi kamfanin Cunard game da gargadin. Tsohon kyaftin din Lusitan Tuni dai ya yi murabus - a cewar rahotanni saboda damuwar da ke cikin jirgin ruwa a cikin abin da Jamus ta ayyana yankin yaki a bainar jama'a. A halin yanzu Winston Churchill rubuta zuwa ga Shugaban Hukumar Kasuwancin Biritaniya, "Yana da mahimmanci a jawo hankalin jigilar jigilar kayayyaki zuwa gaɓar tekunmu a cikin bege musamman na haɗa Amurka da Jamus." A karkashinsa ne ba a ba da kariya ga sojojin Burtaniya da aka saba ba wa Lusitan, duk da cewa Cunard ya bayyana cewa yana la'akari da wannan kariyar. Cewa Lusitan yana dauke da makamai da dakaru don taimakawa Birtaniya a yakin da Jamus ta yi da Jamus da sauran masu lura da al'amura, kuma gaskiya ne. nutsewa da Lusitan wani mugun aiki ne na kisan gilla, amma ba wani abin mamaki ba ne ta hanyar mugun nufi da tsantsar nagarta, kuma hakan ya yiwu ta hanyar gazawar sojojin ruwan Churchill zuwa inda ya kamata.
Sannan akwai batun shigar Amurka cikin yakin duniya na II. Ko da kun yi imani cewa mafi adalcin mataki da kowa ya taɓa ɗauka, yana da kyau ku sani cewa ya ƙunshi haɗaɗɗiyar ƙirƙira da yin amfani da takaddun jabu da ƙarya, irin su taswirar ɓacin rai na shirin Nazi na sassaƙa Kudancin Amurka ko shirin ɓatanci na Nazi. kawar da addini daga duniya. Taswirar aƙalla ƙirƙirar farfagandar Biritaniya ce da aka ciyar da ita ga FDR. A ranar 12 ga Agusta, 1941, Roosevelt ya sadu da Churchill a asirce a Newfoundland kuma ya tsara Yarjejeniya ta Atlantika, wanda ya tsara yakin da Amurka ba ta shiga ba tukuna. Churchill ya nemi Roosevelt ya shiga yakin nan take, amma ya ya ƙi. Bayan wannan ganawar ta sirri, a ranar 18 ga watan AgustathChurchill ya gana da majalisar ministocinsa a baya a 10 Downing Street a London. Churchill ya gaya wa majalisar ministocinsa, bisa ga mintuna: “Shugaban [Amurka] ya ce zai yi yaki amma ba zai ayyana shi ba, kuma zai kara tayar da hankali. Idan Jamusawa ba su ji daɗi ba, za su iya kaiwa sojojin Amurka hari. Dole ne a yi duk abin da za a yi don a tilasta ‘hatsarin’ da zai iya haifar da yaƙi.” (Wata ‘yar majalisa Jeanette Rankin ta buga a cikin rikodin Majalisar, Disamba 7, 1942.) Masu yada farfagandar Biritaniya suma sun yi jayayya tun aƙalla 1938 don amfani da Japan don kawo Amurka cikin yaƙi. A taron Atlantic a ranar 12 ga Agusta, 1941, Roosevelt ya tabbatar wa Churchill cewa Amurka za ta kawo matsin tattalin arziki ga Japan. A cikin mako guda, a gaskiya ma, Hukumar Tsaro ta Tattalin Arziki ta fara takunkumin tattalin arziki. A ranar 3 ga Satumba, 1941, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta aika wa Japan bukatar cewa ta amince da ka'idar "rashin damuwa da halin da ake ciki a cikin Pacific," ma'ana ta daina mayar da yankunan Turai zuwa yankunan Japan. A watan Satumba na 1941, jaridun Japan sun fusata cewa Amurka ta fara jigilar mai ta hanyar Japan don isa Rasha. Japan, jaridunta sun ce, tana mutuwa sannu a hankali daga "yakin tattalin arziki." A cikin Satumba, 1941, Roosevelt ya sanar da manufar "harbin gani" game da kowane jirgin ruwa na Jamus ko Italiya a cikin ruwan Amurka.
Churchill ya killace Jamus kafin yakin duniya na II da manufar kashe mutane da yunwa - matakin da shugaban Amurka Herbert Hoover ya yi Allah wadai da shi, da kuma wani matakin da ya hana Jamus korar wanda ya san yawancin Yahudawa da sauran wadanda suka mutu a sansanonin mutuwa daga baya - 'yan gudun hijira. Churchill ya ki ficewa da yawa kuma lokacin da suka isa da yawa ya kulle su.
Churchill kuma ya taka rawar gani wajen daidaita tashin bama-bamai na fararen hula. A ranar 16 ga Maris, 1940, bama-bamai na Jamus sun kashe wani farar hula dan Birtaniya. A ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 1940, Jamus ta zargi Burtaniya da kai harin bam a wani layin dogo a Schleswig-Holstein, nesa da kowane yanki na yaki; Biritaniya ƙaryata shi. Afrilu 22, 1940, Birtaniya bomb Oslo, Norway. A ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 1940, Biritaniya ta kai harin bam a garin Heide na Jamus. Jamus barazana don jefa bama-bamai kan fararen hula na Burtaniya idan har Burtaniya ta ci gaba da kai hare-hare a yankunan fararen hula. A ranar 10 ga Mayu, 1940, Jamus ta mamaye Belgium, Faransa, Luxembourg, da Netherlands. A ranar 14 ga Mayu, 1940, Jamus ta jefa bama-bamai kan fararen hular Holland a Rotterdam. A ranar 15 ga Mayu, 1940, da kuma kwanaki na gaba, Biritaniya ta kai harin bam a Jamus a Gelsenkirchen, Hamburg, Bremen, Cologne, Essen, Duisburg, Düsseldorf, da Hanover. Churchill ya ce, "Dole ne mu yi tsammanin za a buga wa kasar nan koma baya." Har ila yau, a ranar 15 ga Mayu, Churchill ya ba da umarnin tarawa tare da daure shi a bayan shingen waya na "baki da wadanda ake zargi," wadanda akasarinsu 'yan gudun hijira Yahudawa ne da suka isa kwanan nan. A ranar 30 ga Mayu, 1940, majalisar ministocin Burtaniya ta yi muhawara kan ko za a ci gaba da yaki ko kuma a yi zaman lafiya, kuma ta yanke shawarar ci gaba da yakin. Harin bama-bamai na fararen hula ya ta'azzara daga nan, kuma ya karu matuka bayan da Amurka ta shiga yakin. Amurka da Birtaniya sun daidaita garuruwan Jamus. Amurka ta kona garuruwan Japan; mazauna mazauna sun “ƙona su kuma aka dafa su kuma aka gasa su mutu” a cikin kalmomin Janar na Amurka Curtis LeMay.
Sannan akwai batun abin da Churchill ya ba da shawara a ƙarshen WWII. Nan da nan bayan mika wuya Jamusawa, Winston Churchill samarwa ta yin amfani da sojojin Nazi tare da sojojin ƙawance don kai wa Tarayyar Soviet hari, al’ummar da ta yi babban aikin fatattakar ‘yan Nazi. Wannan ba shawara ce ta kashe-kashe ba. Amurka da Birtaniya sun nemi kuma sun cimma nasarar mika wuya Jamusawa, sun ajiye sojojin Jamus da makamai da kuma shirye su, kuma sun bayyana kwamandojin Jamus game da darussan da suka koya daga gazawarsu a kan Rashawa. Kai hari ga Rashawa ba da jimawa ba ra'ayi ne da Janar George Patton ya yi, da kuma wanda ya maye gurbin Hitler Admiral Karl Donitz, ba tare da ambaton Allen Dulles da OSS ba. Dulles ya yi zaman lafiya na daban da Jamus a Italiya don kakkabe Rashawa, sannan ya fara zagon kasa ga dimokuradiyya a Turai nan take tare da ba wa tsoffin 'yan Nazi a Jamus karfi, tare da shigar da su cikin sojojin Amurka don mayar da hankali kan yaki da Rasha. Lokacin da sojojin Amurka da na Soviet suka fara haduwa a Jamus, ba a gaya musu cewa suna yaki da juna ba tukuna. Amma a cikin tunanin Winston Churchill sun kasance. Rashin kaddamar da yaki mai zafi, shi da Truman da sauransu sun kaddamar da wani sanyi.
Babu buƙatar tambayar yadda wannan dodo na mutum ya zama waliyyi na Tsarin Dokoki. Ana iya yin imani da komai ta hanyar maimaitawa da tsallakewa mara iyaka. Tambayar da za a yi ita ce me yasa. Kuma ina ganin amsar ita ce madaidaiciya. Tushen tatsuniyar tatsuniyoyi na keɓancewar Amurka shine WWII, kyakkyawan jarumtakarsa na adalci. Amma wannan matsala ce ga masu bin Jam'iyyar Siyasa ta Republican waɗanda ba sa son su bauta wa FDR ko Truman. Saboda haka Churchill. Kuna iya son Trump ko Biden DA CHURCHILL. An gina shi cikin almara wanda yake a lokacin Yaƙin Falklands da Thatcher da Reagan. An kara tatsuniyarsa a lokacin yakin Iraki da aka fara a shekara ta 2003. Yanzu tare da zaman lafiya a zahiri ba za a iya ambata ba a Washington DC, yana tafiya nan gaba tare da ɗan ƙaramin haɗari na ainihin rikodin tarihin tsoma baki.
