m: A game da sabon yakin na Cold War, jaridar New York Times ta rasa aikinta na aikin jarida, a matsayin wata farfagandar yada labaran karya da ke yada jita-jita ta kin Rashawa wacce za ta iya shiga layi cikin zamba, in ji Robert Parry.
By Robert Parry, ConsortiumNews
A cikin sabon abin kunya ga jaridar New York Times, wani kwararren mai daukar hoto ya ba da labari game da sabon amateurish, nazarin Rasha game da hotunan tauraron dan adam da ke da alaka da harba jirgin saman Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 a gabashin Ukraine a cikin 2014, yana mai lakabin aikin “zamba . ”
A ranar Asabar din da ta gabata, a ranar farko ta bikin tunawa da karo na biyu na bala'in da ya lakume rayukan 298, jaridar Times ta yi sharhi kan binciken amateur yana mai cewa gwamnatin Rasha ta yi amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam guda biyu wadanda suka bayyana makamai masu linzami samfurin Ukraine a gabashin Ukraine a lokacin harba. -kashewa.
A bayyane misalin Labari na Andrew E. Kramer shi ne cewa Russia ta rufe wahalar da ke tattare da harba jirgin saman farar hula da ake zargin likitocin ne da daukar hotuna don mika zargi ga rundunar Yansandan. Bayan ambaton wannan binciken ta hanyar brarolrolwonk.com, Kramer ya lura da cewa "citizenan jaridar 'yan ƙasa" a Bellingcat sun gama wannan maganar a baya.
Amma Kramer da Times sun ba da rahoton cewa bayanan Bellingcat na farko sun lalace sosai ta hanyar kwararrun hoto da suka hada da Dr. Neal Krawetz, wanda ya kafa kayan aikin hoto na dijital na FotoForensics wanda Bellingcat yayi amfani da shi. A cikin makon da ya gabata, Bellingcat ya kasance mai matsananciyar matsa lamba game da sabon binciken ta hanyar makamaicontrolwonk.com, wanda Bellingcat yana da kusanci.
A makon da ya gabata, Krawetz da sauran ƙwararrun likitanci sun fara yin la'akari da sabon binciken kuma sun ƙarasa da cewa ya sami kurakuran daidai guda kamar na binciken da ya gabata, duk da cewa ta amfani da wani kayan bincike daban. Ganin ci gaban Bellingcat na wannan bincike na biyu ta hanyar rukuni mai haɗi zuwa Bellingcat da wanda ya kirkiro Eliot Higgins, Krawetz ya kalli nazarin biyu a zaman da gaske sun fito ne daga wuri guda, Bellingcat.
"Tsallakewa zuwa matsayin da bai dace ba lokaci guda na iya zama saboda jahilci," Krawetz ya bayyana a cikin rubutun blog. "Koyaya, ta amfani da kayan aiki daban akan wannan bayanan da ke samar da irin wannan sakamakon, kuma har yanzu tsalle zuwa ƙarshen kuskuren ɗaya shine baƙar magana da kuma yaudara. Yaudara ce. ”
Tsarin Kuskure
Krawetz da sauran masana sun gano cewa canje-canje masu ƙyalli a cikin hotuna, kamar ƙara akwatin magana da adana hotunan a fannoni daban-daban, za su yi bayanin asirin da Bellingcat da siraranta a kantin ta sarrafa. Wannan shi ne babban kuskuren da Krawetz ya gani a bara a cikin aikin bincike na kuskuren Bellingcat.
Krawetz ya rubuta: “A bara, wata kungiya da ake kira 'Bellingcat' ta fito tare da rahoto game da jirgin jirgin MH17, wanda aka harba a kusa da iyakar Ukraine / Russia. A cikin rahoton su, sun yi amfani da FotoForensics don gaskata abin da suka ce. Koyaya, kamar yadda ni ya nuna a cikin shigarwar shafin, sun yi amfani da shi ba daidai ba. Manyan matsaloli a cikin rahotonsu:
"-Yin watsi da inganci. Sun kimanta hotuna daga kafofin da ba a tambaya ba. Waɗannan hotuna masu ƙarancin hoto ne waɗanda aka yi wa aikin bincike, ɓarna, da bayanai.
“–Ina abubuwa. Ko da tare da fitarwa daga kayan aikin bincike, sun yi tsalle har zuwa ƙarshe wanda bayanan ba sa goyan bayan su.
“–Bit ɗin kuma canzawa. Rahoton su ya faɗi abu ɗaya, sannan yayi ƙoƙarin gaskata shi tare da bincike wanda ya nuna wani abu daban.
"Bellingcat kwanan nan ya fito tare da rahoto na biyu. Sashin nazarin hotunan rahotonsu ya dogara da wani shiri mai suna 'Tungstène'. … Tare da tsarin ilimin kimiyya, ba matsala ga kayan aikin da kuke amfani da su. Conclusionarshe ya kamata ya zama mai maimaitawa duk da cewa kayan aiki da yawa tare da algorithms da yawa.
“Daya daga hotunan da suka gudana duk da cewa Tungstène wannan hoton hoton gizagizai ne da sukayi amfani da su tare da ELA [dubai game da kuskure) Kuma babu makawa, ya haifar da irin wannan sakamakon - sakamakon da ya kamata a fassara shi azaman ƙarancin inganci da wadatar da yawa. … Waɗannan sakamakon suna nuna hoto mai inganci da yawa da aka adana, kuma ba canji da gangan ba kamar yadda Bellingcat ya ƙare.
"Kamar dai shekarar da ta gabata, Bellingcat ya yi iƙirarin cewa Tungstène ya nuna alamun canji a cikin wuraren da suka ce yana ganin canji a sakamakon ELA. Bellingcat yayi amfani da ƙarancin ingancin bayanai akan kayan aikin daban-daban kuma sun yi tsalle zuwa ƙarshen ba daidai ba. ”
Kodayake Krawetz ya buga labarinsa game da sabon bincike a ranar Alhamis, ya fara bayyana damuwarsa jim kadan bayan labarin jaridar Times ya bayyana. Wannan ya haifar da Higgins da ma'aikatan jirgin ruwan Bellingcat don fara kamfen na Twitter don sukar ni da Krawetz (na kuma ambatawa matsaloli tare da labarin Times da bincike).
Lokacin da ɗaya daga cikin waliyyan Higgins da aka ambata labari na na farko game da bincike mai zurfi na hoto, Krawetz ya lura cewa lurar da nakeyi ya goyi bayan matsayinsa cewa Bellingcat ya batar da bincike (kodayake a lokacin ban san sukar Krawetz ba).
Higgins ya amsa wa Krawetz, “shi [Parry] bai gane cewa kai dan damisa ba ne. Wataƙila saboda ya kasance babban hack. ”
Insarin ci gaba da cin mutumcin Krawetz, Higgins ya yi ba'a game da bita da nazarin binciken da rubuce-rubuce: "Duk abin da yake da shi shine 'saboda na fadi haka', dukkan bakin babu wando."
Murmushin Ya Yaba
A bayyane yake, Higgins, wanda ke aiki daga Leicester, Ingila, ya lalace saboda duk yabon da The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Guardian da sauran manyan wallafe-wallafe suka yi duk da cewa rikodin Bellingcat na daidaito talaka ne .
Misali, a karo na farko da ya fantsama, Higgins ya maimaita farfagandar Amurka a Siriya game da harin garin na watan Agusta 21, 2013 - yana zargin Shugaban Bashar al-Assad - amma an tilasta shi ya koma baya daga bincikensa lokacin da masana ilimin sararin samaniya sun bayyana cewa makami mai linzami yana da nisan kilomitoci biyu kawai, wanda yai kasa da Higgins ya dauki alhakin kai harin kan sojojin gwamnatin Syria. (Duk da wannan kuskuren mabuɗin, Higgins ya ci gaba da da'awar gwamnatin Syria da laifi.)
Har ila yau, Higgins ya ba wa shirin Australia na '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' "a cikin gabashin Ukraine" a yayin da aka nuna bidiyon batirin makami mai linzami akan hanyarsa ta komawa Rasha, sai dai idan ma'aikatan labarai sun isa wurin. shirin dole ne ya dogara da gyarawar hannu-daki don yaudarar masu kallo.
Lokacin da na lura da bambance-bambancen kuma na sanya hotunan kariyar kwamfuta daga shirin "Minti 60" don nuna karyar, "Minti 60" sun fara kamfen na batanci a kaina da koma zuwa karin dabaru na bidiyo da cikakken yaudarar aikin jarida don kare bayanan rashin kuskure na Higgins.
Wannan tsarin da'awar karya har ma da yaudarar kai don inganta waɗannan labarun bai dakatar da manyan labarun Yammacin Turai ba daga nuna Highgins da Bellingcat tare da yaba. Wataƙila ba ya jin ciwo cewa '' bayyanar '' Bellingcat koyaushe yana kasancewa tare da jigogin farfagandar da suka samo asali daga gwamnatocin Yammacin Turai.
Hakanan ya juya cewa duka biyu na Higgins da "makamaicontrolwonk.com" suna da ma'anar aiki a cikin ma'aikata, kamar Melissa Hanham, marubucin marubucin MH-17 wanda ya kuma rubutawa don Bellingcat, kamar yadda Aaron Stein, wanda shiga tare da inganta Aikin na Higgins a "armscontrolwonk.com."
Kungiyoyin biyu kuma suna da alaka da kungiyar masu goyon bayan NATO, wato Atlantic Council, wacce ta kasance kan gaba wajen ingiza sabon yakin Cold Cold da Rasha. Yanzu an jera Higgins a matsayin “wanda ba shugaban majalisa a Babban Kwamitin Tsarin Turai ta nan gaba ta Atlantic Council” da kuma karewar makaman ya bayyana Stein a matsayin takwaranda ba na shugabanci a Cibiyar Rafik Hariri ta Atlantic Council na Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Armscontrolwonk.com ke gudanar da shi ne ta kwararrun yaduwar makaman nukiliya daga Cibiyar Middlebury na Nazarin Kasa da Kasa a Monterey, amma ga alama basu da kwarewa ta musamman game da ayyukan daukar hoto.
Matsala mai zurfi
Amma matsalar ta fi zurfi fiye da wasu rukunin yanar gizo da masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo waɗanda suka ga ya dace da haɓaka don ƙarfafa jigogin farfaganda daga NATO da sauran bukatun Yammacin Turai. Babban haɗarin shine rawar da manyan kafofin watsa labarai ke takawa wajen ƙirƙirar ɗakin magana don ƙara faɗakarwar da ke zuwa daga waɗannan yan koran.
Kamar dai yadda New York Times, Washington Post da sauran manyan kantuna suka hadiye labarun bogi game da WMD na Iraki a cikin 2002-2003, sun kasance suna farin ciki da irin waɗannan abubuwan ban sha'awa game da Siriya, Ukraine da Russia.
Kuma kamar yadda aka yi wa bala'in Iraki, lokacin da mu wadanda suka kalubalanci kungiyar "WMD" suka yi tunani "aka kori" Saddam apologists, "yanzu ana kiran mu" Masu neman afuwa "ko" apologists Putin "ko kuma kawai" hacks "wadanda suke" baki, babu wando ”- duk abin da hakan ke nufi.
Misali, a cikin 2013 game da Siriya, Times ta fara ba da labarin shafi ta amfani da "vector analysis" don gano sarin harin a sansanin sojojin Siriya mai nisan kilomita tara, amma gano samammen makami mai guntu mara iyaka ya tilasta wa. Lokaci zuwa recant labarinsa, wanda yayi kama da abin da Higgins ke rubutawa.
Sannan, a cikin himmarsa don isar da jita-jita ta Rasha game da Ukraine a cikin 2014, Times har ma ta koma ga mai ba da rahoto daga kwanakin ta na Iraki-ƙarya. Michael R. Gordon, wanda ya wallafa labarin "shahararren tubali na aluminium" a cikin 2002 wanda ya tura jita-jitar cewa Iraqi tana sake shirin shirin kera makaman kare dangi.wasu sabbin rikice-rikice daga Ma'aikatar Jiha cewa da aka ambata hotunan da aka nuna suna nuna Sojojin Rasha ne a Rasha sannan kuma suna sake fitowa a Ukraine.
Duk wani dan jaridar da ke da matukar damuwa da zai san ramuka a cikin labarin tunda ba a bayyana inda aka dauki hotunan ba ko kuma hotunan da ke ba da haske ko mutane iri daya ne, amma hakan bai ba da Times ba. Labarin ya jagoranci shafi na gaba.
Koyaya, kwana biyu kacal, sai diba ya hura lokacin da ya juya cewa wani hoto mai mahimmanci wanda aka nuna wani rukunin sojoji a Rasha, wanda daga nan ya sake bullowa a gabashin Ukraine, hakika an ɗauke shi a cikin Ukraine, yana lalata jigon labarin.
Amma waɗannan abubuwan kunyar ba su hana sha'awar da jaridar Times ta yi na kawar da farfagandar da Rashawa ke yi ba duk lokacin da ya yiwu. Duk da haka, wani sabon abu da yake nunawa shine Times ba kawai daukar maganganun karya kai tsaye daga gwamnatin Amurka ba; Hakanan yana daga shafin yanar gizon '' ɗan ƙasa na aikin jarida '' kamar Bellingcat.
A cikin duniyar da babu wanda ya yarda da abin da gwamnatoci suka ce sabuwar hanyar da ta dace don yada farfaganda ita ce irin wannan “waje.”
Don haka, Times 'Kramer hakika ta yi murnar samun wani sabon labari a yanar gizo wanda ta ce Rashawa sun kame hotunan tauraron dan adam na batattun makamai masu linzami samfurin Buk a cikin gabashin Ukraine kafin a harba MH-17.
Madadin yin tambaya game da kwarewar daukar hoto game da waɗannan kwararrun yaduwar makaman nukiliya a ƙetaren kumbrolwonk.com, sai kawai Kramer ya ba da sakamakon binciken su a matsayin wanda ya ƙara tabbatar da gaskiyar ikirarin Bellingcat. Har ila yau, Kramer ya yi ba'a da 'yan Russia don ƙoƙarin rufe hanyoyinsu da "ka'idodin makirci."
Yin watsi da Hujjar hukuma
Amma akwai wani mahimmin shaidar da cewa Times ta ɓoye daga cikin masu karatun ta: shaidar gaskiya daga bayanan Yammacin Turai cewa rundunar sojin Yukren tana da baturan makamai masu linzami mai linzami a gabashin Ukraine a watan Yuli 17, 2014, kuma cewa rebelsan tawayen Rashawa ba su yi ba 't
a cikin wata Rahoton wanda aka saki a watan Oktoban da ya gabata, Hukumar Leken Asiri da Tsaro ta Netherlands (MIVD) ta ce bisa lafazin “bayanan sirri”, an san cewa Ukraine ta mallaki wasu tsoffin amma “tsarin anti-jirgi mai karfi” da kuma “da yawa daga cikin wadannan tsarin. a gabacin kasar. ”MIVD ya kara da cewa 'yan tawayen ba su da wannan karfin gwiwa:
“Kafin afkuwar hadarin, kungiyar ta MIVD ta san cewa, ban da manyan bindigogin jirgin sama masu saukar ungulu, Separatist din kuma sun mallaki tsarin kariya na iska mai santsi (tsarin-iska mai kariya; manPADS); tsarin kariya ta iska. Dukansu nau'ikan tsarin suna dauke da makamai masu linzami na sama-da-iska (SAMs). Saboda iyakance iyakarsu basa haifar da hatsari ga jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu a tafiyar hawainiya.
Tunda bayanan sirri na Dutch wani bangare ne na kungiyar leken asirin NATO, wannan rahoto yana nuna cewa NATO da alama watakila leken asirin Amurka suna da ra'ayi iri daya. Don haka, Russia ba ta da dalilai na karya hotunan tauraron dan adam su da ke nuna batirin makamai masu linzami na Ukraine a gabashin Ukraine idan hotunan tauraron dan adam na Yamma suna nuna daidai.
Amma akwai wani dalili da ya sa Times da sauran manyan manyan wallafe-wallafen sun yi watsi da wannan daftarin aikin gwamnatin Dutch - saboda idan ya yi daidai, to wannan yana nufin cewa kawai mutanen da za su iya harbi MH-17 suna cikin rundunar sojin Yukren. Wannan zai juya juyar da labarin da ake so na yada labaran da ake zargi Russia da aikatawa.
Amma duk da haka, waccan rahoton na Yaren mutanen Holland yana nufin cewa Times da sauran ƙasashen Yammacin Turai sun watsar da aikinsu na aikin jarida don gabatar da duk tabbatattun shaidu game da batun mahimmancin gaske - kawo hukunci ga masu kisan gilla na 298 marasa laifi. Maimakon "duk labaran da suka dace don bugawa," Times ta tattara karar ta hanyar barin shaidun da ke tafiya a cikin "inda bai dace ba."
Tabbas, za a iya samun bayani game da yadda duka NATO da leken asirin Rasha za su iya zuwa ga "kuskuren" ɗayan ra'ayi cewa sojojin Ukraine ne kawai za su iya harbi MH-17, amma Times da sauran manyan hanyoyin watsa labarai na Yammacin Turai na iya ' t da'a kawai yin bayyanar da shaidar ba ta wanzu.
Sai dai idan, hakika, ainihin ƙudurin ku shine yada ayyukan farfaganda, ba samar da aikin jarida ba. To, ina tsammanin halayen Times, wasu wallafe-wallafen MSM kuma, i, Bellingcat yana da ma'ana da yawa.
[Don ƙarin bayani kan wannan batun, duba Consortiumnews.com's “MH-17: Shekaru biyu na Bayanan Kayan Rasha"Da kuma"An Yi NYT a Yankin Yankin ta na Ukraine. "]
