Lokacin da ya zo yaki, jama'ar Amirka na da matukar damuwa.

Amsoshin Amurkawa game da yaƙin Iraki da Afghanistan sun ba da misalai masu kyau. A 2003, a cewar ra'ayoyin ra'ayoyin, Kashi 72 na Amurkawa sun yi tunanin zuwa yaƙi a Iraki shine shawarar da ta dace. A farkon 2013, tallafi ga wannan shawarar ya ƙi zuwa kashi 41 cikin ɗari. Hakanan, a cikin Oktoba 2001, lokacin da aikin sojan Amurka ya fara a Afghanistan, ya sami goyon baya 90 kashi na jama'ar Amurka. Ya zuwa watan Disambar 2013, yardar jama'a game da yakin Afghanistan ya ragu kawai 17 kashi.

A zahiri, wannan rushewar tallafin jama'a ga fitattun yaƙe-yaƙe abu ne na dogon lokaci. Kodayake Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya ya riga ya jefa ƙuri’ar jin ra’ayin jama’a, masu sa ido sun ba da rahoton babban sha'awar shigar Amurka cikin wannan rikici a cikin Afrilu 1917. Amma, bayan yaƙin, sha'awar ta narke. A cikin 1937, lokacin da masu jefa kuri'a suka tambayi Amurkawa ko Amurka ta shiga cikin wani yaƙi kamar Yaƙin Duniya, 95 kashi na masu amsa sun ce "A'a."

Haka kuwa akayi. Lokacin da Shugaba Truman ya tura sojojin Amurka zuwa Koriya a cikin Yunin 1950, 78 kashi na Amurkawa da aka yi wa tambayoyi sun nuna amincewarsu. A watan Fabrairun 1952, bisa ga ƙuri'a, kashi 50 na Amurkawa sun yi imanin cewa shigowar Amurka cikin Yaƙin Koriya kuskure ne. Irin wannan abin ya faru dangane da Yaƙin Vietnam. A watan Agusta 1965, lokacin da aka tambayi Amurkawa ko gwamnatin Amurka ta yi “kuskure wajen tura sojoji don yin yaƙi a Vietnam,” 61 kashi daga cikinsu suka ce "A'a." Amma zuwa watan Agusta 1968, goyon baya ga yakin ya fadi zuwa kashi 35, kuma zuwa Mayu 1971 ya ragu zuwa kashi 28.

A duk yaƙe-yaƙe da Amurka ta yi a cikin karnin da ya gabata, Yaƙin Duniya na II ne kawai ya ci gaba da samun amincewar jama'a. Kuma wannan yaƙin da ba a saba da shi ba - wanda ya shafi mummunan harin soja a kan ƙasar Amurka, maƙiya maƙiya waɗanda suka ƙuduri aniyar mamayewa da bautar duniya, da cikakkiyar nasara.

A kusan dukkanin lamura, kodayake, Amurkawa sun juya ga yaƙe-yaƙe da suka taɓa tallafawa. Ta yaya mutum zai bayyana wannan yanayin na rashin damuwa?

Babban dalili shine ya zama babban tsadar yaƙi - a rayuka da albarkatu. A lokacin yaƙin Koriya da Vietnam, yayin da jikunan gawa da naƙasassun tsoffin sojoji suka fara dawowa Amurka da yawan gaske, taimakon jama'a don yaƙe-yaƙe ya ​​ragu sosai. Kodayake yaƙe-yaƙe Afghanistan da Iraki sun haifar da raunin Amurkawa kaɗan, tsadar tattalin arziƙi sun yi yawa. Karatuttukan masana biyu da suka gabata sun kiyasta cewa waɗannan yaƙe-yaƙe guda biyu zai haifar da biyan masu biyan harajin Amurka daga $ 4 tamanin zuwa dala biliyan 6. A sakamakon haka, yawancin kashe-kashen gwamnatin Amurka ba sa zuwa ilimi, kiwon lafiya, wuraren shakatawa, da kayayyakin more rayuwa, sai don biyan kudaden yaki. Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa yawancin Amurkawa sun juya baya ga waɗannan rikice-rikice.

Amma idan nauyin yaƙe-yaƙe ya ​​ɓarna da yawa Amirkawa, me ya sa suke sauƙin samun goyon baya ga sababbin?

Babban dalili shine da alama cewa masu iko, cibiyoyin kirkirar ra'ayi - kafofin yada labarai na sadarwa, gwamnati, jam'iyyun siyasa, har ma da ilimi - ana iya sarrafa su, fiye ko akasari, ta hanyar abin da Shugaba Eisenhower ya kira "rukunin masana'antun soja da masana'antu." Kuma, a farkon rikici, waɗannan cibiyoyin galibi suna da ikon saukar da tutoci suna rawa, ƙungiyoyi suna rawa, da kuma taron jama'a da ke murnar yaƙi.

Amma kuma gaskiya ne cewa yawancin jama'ar Amurka suna da ruɗu kuma, aƙalla da farko, a shirye suke su haɗu da tutar. Tabbas, yawancin Amurkawa suna da kishin ƙasa kuma suna dacewa da kira ga masu kishin ƙasa. Babban jigon maganganun siyasa na Amurka shine iƙirarin tsarkakewa cewa Amurka ita ce "babbar al'umma a duniya" - mai fa'ida sosai ga mai ɗaukar matakin sojan Amurka akan wasu ƙasashe. Kuma wannan ɗan giyar an cika shi da girmamawa ga bindigogi da sojojin Amurka. ("Bari mu ji tafi don Jarumanmu!")

Tabbas, akwai kuma mahimmin yanki na zaman lafiya na Amurka, wanda ya kafa ƙungiyoyin zaman lafiya na dogon lokaci, gami da Peace Action, Likitocin Kula da Jin Dadin Jama'a, shipungiyar Sadarwa, Women'sungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci, da sauran ƙungiyoyin antiwar. Wannan rukunin zaman lafiya, wanda akasari ke haifar da kyawawan halaye da siyasa, yana ba da maɓallin ƙarfi bayan adawa ga yaƙe-yaƙe na Amurka a farkon matakan su. Amma an daidaita shi ta hanyar manyan masu sha'awar soja, a shirye suke su yaba yaƙe-yaƙe ga Ba'amurken da ya rage. Forcearfin canzawa a cikin ra'ayoyin jama'a na Amurka shine yawancin mutanen da suka haɗu suna 'zagaye da tuta a farkon yaƙin sannan, a hankali, suka gaji da rikici.

Sabili da haka tsarin aiwatarwa ya gudana. Benjamin Franklin ya gane shi tun a karni na goma sha takwas, lokacin da ya rubuta wata gajeriyar waka  Almanack Pocket Ga Year 1744:

Yakin yaƙin talauci,

Talauci Aminci;

Aminci ya sa dukiya ta gudana,

(Maganar ba zata tsaya ba).

Rashin arziki yana da girman kai,

Girman kai shine kasafin yaki;

Yaƙi ya haifar da Talauci & c.

Duniya tana zagaye.

Ba shakka za a rage rashin jin daɗi, kazalika da babban tanadi a rayuwar da albarkatun, idan mafi yawan Amirkawa sun gane mummunan halin kaka kafin suka ruga suka rungume ta. Amma fahimtar fahimtar yaƙi da sakamakonsa na iya zama dole don shawo kan Amurkawa su fice daga sake zagayowar da suke ganin sun shiga cikin tarko.

Lawrence Wittner (http://lawrenceswittner.com) shine Farfesan Tarihin Tarihi a SUNY / Albany. Sabon littafin shi sabon labari ne game da harkar jami'a, Me ke faruwa a UAardvark?