Daga Medea Benjamin da Nicolas JS Davies, Disamba 15, 2020
Joe Biden zai karbi ragamar jagorancin fadar White House ne a daidai lokacin da jama'ar Amurka suka fi nuna damuwar su da yaki da kwayar cutar ta coronavirus fiye da yakin kasashen ketare. Amma yaƙe-yaƙe da Amurka ke yi ya yi fushi ba tare da la'akari ba, kuma manufofin yaƙi da ta'addanci na Biden sun goyi bayan a baya-bisa hare-hare ta sama, ayyuka na musamman da kuma amfani da wakilan wakilai-shi ne ainihin abin da ke ci gaba da rikice-rikice.
A Afghanistan, Biden ya yi adawa da karuwar yawan sojoji da Obama ya yi a shekarar 2009, kuma bayan hawan bai yi nasara ba, Obama ya koma ga manufar Biden ya yi falala farawa, wanda ya zama alama ta manufar su ta yaƙi a wasu ƙasashe kuma. A cikin mahaɗan ciki, ana kiran wannan a matsayin "ta'addanci," sabanin "rikice-rikice."
A cikin Afghanistan, wannan yana nufin watsi da yawan tura sojojin Amurka, da dogaro a maimakon hakan tashin iska, hare-haren jirage marasa matuka da ayyuka na musamman “kashe ko kama”Hare-hare, yayin daukar aiki da horo Sojojin Afghanistan yi kusan dukkannin yaƙe-yaƙe da riƙe yanki.
A cikin tsoma bakin Libya a 2011, kawancen kawancen NATO da Larabawa sun saka kai daruruwan Qatar dakaru na musamman da Sojojin haya na yamma tare da 'yan tawayen Libya don kira a cikin jiragen saman NATO da horar da mayaƙan yankin, gami da Kungiyoyin Islama tare da alaƙa da Al Qaeda. Forcesarfin da suka kwance har yanzu suna yaƙi akan ganimar shekaru tara bayan haka.
Duk da yake Joe Biden yanzu yana karɓar daraja don adawa mummunan shiga tsakani a Libya, a lokacin ya yi sauri ya yaba nasarar ta na ɗan gajeren yaudara da mummunan kisan Kanar Gaddafi. "NATO ta samu daidai," in ji Biden ya fada a cikin wani jawabi a Kwalejin Jihar Plymouth a watan Oktoba 2011 a daidai ranar da Shugaba Obama ya sanar da mutuwar Gaddafi. “A wannan yanayin, Amurka ta kashe dala biliyan 2 kuma ba ta rasa rai ko daya ba. Wannan shi ne karin maganin yadda za a magance duniya yayin da muke ci gaba fiye da yadda take a da. ”
Duk da yake Biden tun daga wannan lokacin ya wanke hannuwansa daga mummunan halin da ake ciki a Libya, wannan aiki a zahiri alama ce ta koyarwar ɓoye da wakilcin yaƙi da goyan bayan hare-hare ta sama da ya goyi bayan, wanda kuma har yanzu bai amince da shi ba. Biden har yanzu ya ce yana goyon bayan ayyukan "ta'addanci," amma an zabe shi shugaban kasa ba tare da ya amsa tambayar kai tsaye ba game da goyon bayansa ga yawan amfani da hare-hare ta sama da jirage marasa matuka hakan wani bangare ne na koyarwar.
A cikin yakin da ake yi da Daular Islama a Iraki da Siriya, sojojin da Amurka ke jagoranta sun fadi bisa 118,000 bama-bamai da makamai masu linzami, rage manyan biranen kamar Mosul da Raqqa zuwa kango da kisa dubban dubban na fararen hula. Lokacin da Biden ya ce Amurka "ba ta yi asarar rai ko daya ba" a Libya, a fili yake nufin "Rayuwar Amurkawa." Idan “rayuwa” kawai tana nufin rayuwa, yakin da ake yi a Libya a bayyane yake ya salwantar da rayukan mutane marasa adadi, kuma ya zama abin izgili ga kudurin Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ya amince da amfani da karfin soja kawai ga kare fararen hula.
Kamar yadda Rob Hewson, editan mujallar cinikin makamai Jane's Air-Launchched Weapons, ya gaya wa AP kamar yadda Amurka ta sake jefa bama-bamai na "Shock and Awe" a kan Iraki a shekarar 2003, “A yakin da ake gwabzawa don amfanin mutanen Iraki, ba za ku iya kashe kowannensu ba. Amma ba za ku iya jefa bama-bamai ba kuma ku kashe mutane. Akwai hakikanin abin da ya faru a wannan duka. ” Hakanan ya shafi mutane a Libya, Afghanistan, Syria, Yemen, Palestine da duk inda bama-bamai na Amurka suke fadowa tsawon shekaru 20.
Kamar yadda Obama da Trump duk suka yi kokarin pivot daga gazawar "yakin duniya kan ta'addanci" zuwa ga abin da gwamnatin Trump ta kira "babban ikon gasa, ”Ko juyawa ga Yakin Cacar Baki, yakin da ake yi da ta’addanci ya yi taurin kai ya ki fitowa a kan hanya. An fatattaki Al Qaeda da Islamic State daga wuraren da Amurka ta yi ruwan bama-bamai ko mamaye, amma ci gaba da bayyana a cikin sabbin ƙasashe da yankuna. Daular Islama yanzu ta mamaye yankin arewa Mozambique, kuma ya sami tushe Afghanistan. Sauran rassan Al Qaeda suna aiki a duk fadin Afirka, daga Somaliya da Kenya a gabashin Afirka zuwa kasashe goma sha daya a Afirka ta Yamma.
Bayan kusan shekaru 20 na “yaƙi da ta’addanci,” yanzu akwai babban rukunin bincike game da abin da ke ingiza mutane su shiga ƙungiyoyin masu ɗauke da makamai na Islama da ke yaƙar sojojin gwamnati ko kuma mamayar Yammacin Turai. Duk da yake har yanzu 'yan siyasar Amurka suna murza hannayensu kan muguwar manufa da za ta iya lissafa irin wannan halayyar da ba za a iya fahimta ba, sai ya zamana cewa da gaske ba abin rikitarwa bane. Yawancin akasarin mayakan ba akidar Islama ke motsa su ba kamar yadda suke son kare kansu, danginsu ko al'ummominsu daga sojojin "yaki da ta'addanci", kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin wannan rahoton ta Cibiyar kula da fararen hula a Rikici.
wani binciken, mai taken The Journey to Extremism in Africa: Direbobi, Inarfafa gwiwa da Nunin Neman foraukar ma'aikata, sun gano cewa abin da ke nuna ko "ƙaiƙayi na ƙarshe" wanda ke tura sama da kashi 70% na mayaƙa don shiga ƙungiyoyin masu ɗauke da makamai shine kisan ko tsare wani dangi ta "Yaki da ta'addanci" ko "jami'an tsaro". Binciken ya fallasa alamar Amurka ta yaki da ta'addanci a matsayin wata manufa ta cin gashin kai wacce ke haifar da wani tashin hankali da ba za a iya shawo kansa ba ta hanyar samarwa da kuma cike gibin da ke fadada na "'yan ta'adda" yayin da yake lalata iyalai, al'ummomi da kasashe.
Misali, Amurka ta kulla kawancen yaki da ta'addanci tare da kasashen Afirka ta Yamma 11 a shekara ta 2005 kuma kawo yanzu ta jefa dala biliyan daya a ciki. A cikin wani rahoton kwanan nan daga Burkina Faso, Nick Turse ya ambato rahotannin gwamnatin Amurka da ke tabbatar da yadda shekaru 15 na “yaki da ta’addanci” karkashin jagorancin Amurka suka ruruta fashewar ta’addanci a fadin Afirka ta Yamma.
Cibiyar Nazarin Dabaru ta Afirka ta Pentagon ta ba da rahoton cewa rikice-rikicen rikice-rikice guda 1,000 da suka hada da kungiyoyin masu kaifin kishin Islama a Burkina Faso, Mali da Niger a cikin shekarar da ta gabata ya kai yawan ninki bakwai tun daga shekarar 2017, yayin da mafi karancin adadin mutanen da aka kashe ya karu daga 1,538 a shekarar 2017 zuwa 4,404 a shekarar 2020.
Heni Nsaibia, wani babban mai bincike a ACLED (Bayanin Lamarin Taron Rikicin Yankin Makamai), ya gaya wa Turse cewa, “Mayar da hankali kan manufofin Yamma na yaki da ta’addanci da kuma rungumar samfurin soja ya kasance babban kuskure. Yin watsi da direbobi masu tayar da kayar baya, kamar talauci da rashin walwala a cikin jama'a, da gazawa wajen rage yanayin da ke haifar da tayar da zaune tsaye, kamar yaduwar take hakkin bil adama da jami'an tsaro suka yi, sun haifar da cutar da ba za a iya magance ta ba.
Tabbas, har ma da New York Times ta tabbatar da cewa sojojin "yaki da ta'addanci" a Burkina Faso na kashe-kashe kamar yadda farar hula da yawa a matsayin "'yan ta'adda" da ya kamata su yi faɗa. Rahoton Kasar Amurka na Shekarar 2019 a kan Burkina Faso ya gabatar da bayanan zargin “daruruwan kisan gilla da aka yiwa fararen hula a matsayin wani bangare na dabarun ta da ta’addanci,” galibi ana kashe ‘yan kabilar Fulani.
Souaibou Diallo, shugaban wata kungiyar yanki ta malaman musulmai, ya fadawa Turse cewa wadannan cin zarafin sune babban abin da ke tursasa Fulani shiga kungiyoyin yan bindiga. Diallo ya ce "Kashi tamanin na wadanda suka shiga kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda sun gaya mana cewa ba wai don suna goyon bayan jihadi ba ne, kawai saboda sojoji ne suka kashe mahaifinsu ko mahaifiyarsu ko kannensu." "An kashe mutane da yawa - an kashe su - amma ba a yi adalci ba."
Tun lokacin da aka fara Yaƙin Duniya a kan Ta’addanci, ɓangarorin biyu sun yi amfani da tashin hankalin maƙiyansu don ba da hujjar nasu tashin hankali, yana ƙara haifar da rikice-rikicen rikice-rikice da ke bazuwa daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa da yanki zuwa yanki a duk faɗin duniya.
Amma asalin Amurka na duk wannan tashin hankalin da hargitsi suna gudana fiye da wannan. Dukansu Al Qaeda da Islamic State sun samo asali ne daga ƙungiyoyi waɗanda aka samo asali, horo, makamai da tallafi ta CIA don kifar da gwamnatocin kasashen waje: Al Qaeda a Afghanistan a cikin 1980s, da Nusra Front da Islamic State a Siriya tun daga 2011.
Idan da gaske gwamnatin Biden tana son dakatar da ruruta wutar rikici da ta'addanci a duniya, dole ne ta sauya tsarin CIA, wanda rawar da take takawa wajen dagula kasashe, tallafawa ta'addanci, yada hargitsi da kuma ƙirƙirar maganganun karya don yaki kuma an nuna alamun ƙiyayya tun daga 1970s ta Kanar Fletcher Prouty, William Blum, Gareth Porter da sauransu.
Amurka ba za ta taba samun manufa ba, tsarin leken asirin kasa, ko kuma saboda haka dogaro da gaskiya, ingantacciyar manufar kasashen waje, har sai ta fitar da wannan fatalwar a cikin injin. Biden ya zaɓi Avril Haines, wanda aikata tushen asirin-doka don shirin Obama na mara matuki da kare masu azabtar da CIA, ya zama Daraktan sa na Leken Asiri. Shin Haines yana kan aikin canza waɗannan hukumomin tashin hankali da hargitsi zuwa halal, tsarin aikin leken asiri? Hakan kamar ba zai yiwu ba, kuma duk da haka yana da mahimmanci.
Sabuwar gwamnatin Biden tana buƙatar ɗaukar sabon salo da gaske game da duk wasu manufofi na ɓarna da Amurka ke bi a duk duniya tsawon shekaru da yawa, da kuma mummunan rawar da CIA ta taka a yawancin su.
Muna fatan daga karshe Biden zai yi watsi da dabarun kirkire-kirkire, manufofi masu karfin fada aji da ke lalata al'ummomi da lalata rayuwar mutane saboda burin cimma burin siyasa, kuma a maimakon haka zai saka hannun jari a cikin ayyukan agaji da tattalin arziki wanda ke taimakawa mutane da gaske don rayuwa mafi zaman lafiya da wadata.
Muna kuma fatan cewa Biden zai sake juyawa ginshikan Trump zuwa yakin Cacar Baki da hana karkatar da mafi yawan albarkatun kasarmu zuwa gasar tseren makamai mara amfani da hatsari tare da China da Rasha.
Muna da matsaloli na gaske da za mu iya magance su a wannan karnin - matsalolin da ake da su wadanda za a iya magance su ta hanyar hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa ta gaske. Ba za mu iya sake ba da damar sadaukar da makomarmu a kan bagadin yakin duniya na ta'addanci, Sabon Yakin Cacar Baki, Pax Americana ko wasu rudu na mulkin mallaka ba.
Medea Biliyaminu shi ne mai haɓaka CODEPINK don Aminci, kuma marubucin littattafai da yawa, gami da A cikin Iran: Gaskiya da Tarihin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran. Mamba ce a kungiyar marubuta ta Collective20. Nicolas JS Davies ɗan jarida ne mai zaman kansa, mai bincike tare da CODEPINK kuma marubucin Blood On Our Hands: Ƙasar Amirka da Rushewar Iraq.
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