Wanene ke Gudanar da Yadda Muke Tuna Yaƙin Iraki?

Da Jeremy Earp, World BEYOND War, Maris 16, 2023

"Ana yin yaƙe-yaƙe sau biyu, na farko a fagen fama, karo na biyu don tunawa."
- Vietnam Thanh Nguyen

Yayin da manyan kafafen yada labarai na Amurka suka dakata don tunawa da mamayar da Amurka ta yi wa Iraki, a bayyane yake cewa akwai abubuwa da yawa da suke fatan za mu manta da su - na farko, irin hadin kai da kafafen yada labarai ke da shi wajen nuna goyon bayan jama'a ga yakin.

Amma yayin da kuke ƙara zurfafa cikin labaran labarai na yau da kullun daga wancan lokacin, kamar yadda ƙungiyar shirinmu ta yi a makon da ya gabata lokacin da muka haɗu wannan montage na minti biyar daga fim ɗin mu na 2007 Yaƙi Yayi Sauƙi, da wuya a manta da yadda hanyoyin sadarwar labarai masu banƙyama a duk faɗin watsa shirye-shiryen da kebul na kebul ba tare da sukar farfagandar gwamnatin Bush ba tare da cire muryoyin da ba su dace ba.

Lambobin ba sa karya. Rahoton 2003 by the Media watchdog Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting (FAIR) gano cewa a cikin makonni biyu da suka kai ga mamayewa, ABC World News, NBC Nightly News, CBS Evening News, da kuma PBS Newshour ya ƙunshi jimillar 267 Amirkawa masana, manazarta, da masu sharhi kan kamara don a ce sun taimaka wajen fahimtar tafiya zuwa yaƙi. Daga cikin waɗannan baƙi 267, kashi 75% na ban mamaki sun kasance na yanzu ko tsoffin jami'an gwamnati ko sojoji, kuma jimillar daya ya bayyana duk wani shakku.

A halin yanzu, a cikin duniya mai saurin girma na labaran kebul, Fox News's tauri-magana, pro-yaki jingoism yana kafa ma'auni don masu zartarwa masu hankali a mafi yawan cibiyoyin sadarwa na kebul na "masu sassauci". MSNBC da CNN, suna jin zafin abin da masana masana'antu ke kira "Fox sakamako" suna ƙoƙari sosai don kawar da abokin hamayyarsu na hannun dama - da juna - ta hanyar kawar da muryoyi masu mahimmanci da ganin wanda zai iya buga ganguna na yakin.

A MSNBC, yayin da mamayewar Iraki ke gabatowa a farkon 2003, shugabannin cibiyar sadarwa yanke shawarar korar Phil Donahue duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayon nasa yana da mafi girman kima a tashar. A leaks na ciki memo ya bayyana cewa babban jami'in gudanarwa ya ga Donahue a matsayin "mai gajiyarwa, mai sassaucin ra'ayi na hagu" wanda zai zama "fuska mai wuyar gaske ga NBC a lokacin yaki." Da yake lura cewa Donahue "da alama yana jin daɗin gabatar da baƙi waɗanda ke adawa da yaƙi, masu adawa da Bush da kuma masu shakkar manufofin gwamnatin," sanarwar ta yi gargadin ba shakka cewa wasan kwaikwayon nasa na iya zama "gida don ajandar antiwar mai sassaucin ra'ayi a lokaci guda. cewa masu fafatawa a gasarmu suna daga tuta a kowace dama."

Kada a wuce gona da iri, shugaban labarai na CNN Eason Jordan zai yi fahariya akan iska cewa ya sadu da jami'an Pentagon a lokacin da ake ci gaba da mamayewa don samun amincewar su ga yakin "masana" akan kyamarar da hanyar sadarwa za ta dogara da su. "Ina ganin yana da mahimmanci a sami masana suyi bayanin yakin da kuma bayyana kayan aikin soja, bayyana dabaru, magana game da dabarun da ke tattare da rikici," in ji Jordan. “Na je Pentagon da kaina sau da yawa kafin a fara yaƙin kuma na sadu da muhimman mutane a wurin kuma na ce . . . Ga manyan hafsoshin da muke tunanin rikewa don ba mu shawara ta sama da kasa game da yakin, kuma mun sami babban yatsa a kan duka. Hakan yana da mahimmanci."

Kamar yadda Norman Solomon ya lura a cikin fim ɗinmu Yaƙi Yayi Sauƙi, wanda muka kafa bisa littafinsa mai suna iri ɗaya, ƙa'idar dimokuradiyya ta 'yan jarida mai zaman kanta, kawai aka jefar da ita ta taga. "Sau da yawa 'yan jarida suna zargin gwamnati da gazawar 'yan jaridar da kansu wajen yin rahotanni masu zaman kansu," in ji Solomon. "Amma babu wanda ya tilasta wa manyan cibiyoyin sadarwa kamar CNN yin sharhi da yawa daga manyan hafsoshin soja da manyan mashawarta da suka yi ritaya da sauran su . . . Ba ma abu ne da za a ɓoye ba, a ƙarshe. Wani abu ne da za a ce wa jama'ar Amurka, 'Duba, mu 'yan wasan kungiya ne. Mu na iya zama kafafen yada labarai, amma muna gefe daya kuma shafi daya da Pentagon.' . . . Kuma hakan ya sabawa ra’ayin ‘yan jarida mai zaman kansa.”

Sakamakon ya kasance an yi muhawara da kyar. yaudara-kore, gaggauce kai cikin yaƙin zaɓe wanda zai ci gaba hargitsa yankin, hanzarta ayyukan ta'addanci a duniya, zubar jini biliyan daloli daga baitul malin Amurka, kuma a kashe dubban ma'aikatan Amurka da dubun dubatar 'yan Iraki, galibinsu fararen hula ne marasa laifi. Amma duk da haka shekaru biyu bayan haka, yayin da muke cutar da mu kusa sabbin yaƙe-yaƙe na iya haifar da bala'i, kusan babu wani alhaki ko ci gaba da bayar da rahoto a kafafen yada labarai na yau da kullun don tunatar da mu game da su own muhimmiyar rawa wajen sayar da yakin Iraqi.

Yana da wani aiki na mantawa da za mu iya rashin iyawa, musamman kamar yadda yawancin kafofin watsa labaru iri ɗaya daga shekaru 20 da suka wuce yanzu suna maimaita kansu akan overdrive - daga cikakken sikelin. sake yi da kuma fi na jagorantar masu zane-zanen yakin Iraki da masu taya shi murna ga kafafen yada labarai na ci gaba da dogaro da "masana" an zana daga kofa mai juyawa duniya na Pentagon da masana'antar makamai (sau da yawa ba tare da bayyanawa ba).

"Memory wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci a kowace ƙasa, musamman ma tunawa da yaƙe-yaƙe," marubucin Pulitzer wanda ya lashe kyautar Viet Thanh Nguyen ya rubuta. "Ta hanyar sarrafa labarin yaƙe-yaƙe da muka yi, muna ba da hujjar yaƙe-yaƙe da za mu yi yaƙi a halin yanzu."

A yayin da ake bikin cika shekaru 20 da kisan gillar da Amurka ta yi wa Iraki, ya zama wajibi a dawo da tunawa da wannan yakin ba kawai daga jami'an gwamnatin Bush da suka kaddamar da shi ba, har ma da tsarin watsa labarai na kamfanoni da suka taimaka wajen sayar da shi kuma suka yi kokarin sarrafa shi. labarin tun daga lokacin.

Jeremy Earp shine Daraktan Samfuran Gidauniyar Ilimi ta Media (MEF) da kuma babban darektan, tare da Loretta Alper, na shirin MEF "Yaƙi Yayi Sauƙi: Yadda Shugabanni & Pundits ke Ci gaba da Kadda Mu Mutuwa," nuna Norman Solomon. Don bikin tunawa da ranar 20th na mamayewar Iraki, Asusun Ilimi na RootsAction zai kasance yana daukar nauyin nuna hoto na "Yaki Mai Sauƙi" a ranar Maris 20th a 6: 45 PM Gabas, sannan tattaunawar panel tare da Solomon, Dennis Kucinich, Kathy Kelly, Marcy Winograd, Indiya Walton, da David Swanson. Latsa nan don yin rajista don taron, da danna nan don yawo "Yaki Mai Sauƙi" a gaba kyauta.