Menene Sojoji na Ƙasashen waje suka Sami?

Idan kun kasance kamar mafi yawan mutane a Amurka, kuna da hankali game da cewa sojojin Amurka suna tsare yawancin dakarun da aka dakatar da su a duk fadin duniya. Amma shin ka taba yin mamakin da bincike sosai don gano yawancin, da kuma inda daidai, da kuma wace kudin, da kuma me yasa, kuma game da abin da dangantaka da kasashe masu karɓar bakuncin?

Wani sabon bincike mai ban mamaki, shekaru shida ana aiki, yana amsa waɗannan tambayoyin ta hanyar da zaku sami shiga ko kun taɓa tambayarsu ko a'a. An kira shi Ƙasar Basira: Ta yaya sojojin Amurka ke ba da kariya ga Amurka da Duniya?, by David Vine.

Wasu magungunan 800 tare da daruruwan dubban dakarun a wasu al'ummomin 70, da sauran nau'o'in "masu horar da" da kuma "wadanda ba na dindindin" ba na karshe ba tare da dindindin ba, suna kula da rundunar soja na Amurka a fadin duniya don farashin farashin akalla $ 100 biliyan a shekara.

Me ya sa sun yi wannan tambaya ne mafi wuya ga amsa.

Koda kayi tunanin akwai wasu dalilan da za su iya gaggauta tura dubban sojojin Amurka a kowane wuri a duniya, jiragen saman yanzu suna yin hakan kamar yadda aka yi daga Amurka ko daga Koriya ko Japan ko Jamus ko Italiya.

Ya fi tsada sosai don kiyaye sojoji a waɗancan ƙasashen, kuma yayin da wasu masu kare tushe ke gabatar da ƙarar neman taimakon tattalin arziƙi, shaidar ita ce cewa tattalin arziƙin cikin gida yana amfanuwa kaɗan - kuma yana wahala kaɗan lokacin da tushe ya tashi. Hakanan tattalin arzikin Amurka ba ya amfanuwa, ba shakka. Madadin haka, wasu keɓaɓɓun contractan kwangila suna fa'ida, tare da waɗancan politiciansan siyasa waɗanda suke tallafawa kamfen ɗin su. Kuma idan kuna tunanin ba za a iya lissafin kashe sojoji a cikin gida ba, yakamata ku bincika sansanonin kasashen waje inda ba kasafai ake samun masu tsaro da za su yi aiki a tsare masu dafa abinci wadanda aikinsu kawai shi ne ciyar da masu tsaron. Sojoji suna da ajali na kowane SNAFU na yau da kullun, kuma kalmar wannan ita ce “cin gashin kansar ice cream.”

Gidauniyoyin, a yawancin lokuta, suna haifar da fushi da ƙiyayya da yawa, suna yin motsi don hare-hare a kan asasinsu ko kuma a wasu wurare - shahararrun ciki har da hare-haren Satumba 11, 2001.

Kasashen da ke kusa da iyakokin Rasha da Sin suna haifar da sabon rikice-rikice da makamai, har ma da Rasha da China suka ba da damar bude asusun waje na kansu. A halin yanzu dukkanin bankunan kasashen waje na kasashen waje ba su da 30 kawai, tare da mafi yawan wadanda ke kusa da abokan tarayya na Amurka, kuma ba ɗaya daga cikinsu suna cikin ko a ko'ina kusa da Amurka, wanda zai zama abin ƙyama .

Yawancin sansanonin Amurka da dama sun karbi bakuncin dictatorships. Nazarin ilimin kimiyya ya gano wani karfi da Amurka ke da shi don kare masu mulkin kama karya inda Amurka ta ke da asali. Duba a jarida zai gaya maka haka. Laifi a Bahrain ba daidai ba ne da laifuka a Iran. A gaskiya ma, idan gwamnatoci masu rikitarwa da marasa biyayya sun haɗu da asusun Amurka (a cikin misali, Honduras, Aruba, Curaçao, Mauritania, Liberia, Nijar, Burkina Faso, Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya, Chadi, Misira, Mozambique, Burundi, Kenya, Uganda, Habasha , Djibouti, Yemen, Qatar, Oman, UAE, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Jordan, Isra'ila, Turkiyya, Georgia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Thailand, Cambodia, ko Singapore) suna nuna rashin amincewar Gwamnati, wadda ke haifar da ficewa daga sansanonin Amurka, ya fi dacewa idan gwamnatin ta fadi, wanda ke haifar da wani mummunar zagaye wanda ya kara yawan cikewar jin dadin gwamnatin Amurka. {Asar Amirka ta fara gina sababbin wuraren ajiya a Honduras, ba da daɗewa ba bayan juyin mulki na 2009.

Vine kuma yana ba da labari mai ban tsoro game da ƙawancen sojojin Amurka tare da Camorra (mafia) a Naples, Italiya, dangantakar da ta kasance daga Yaƙin Duniya na II har zuwa yanzu, kuma wanda ya ruruta ƙaruwar Camorra - wata ƙungiya da ake zaton amintacciya ce sojojin Amurka sun isa su kare makaman kare dangi.

Smallerananan sansanonin da ba sa ɗaukar dubun dubatan sojoji, amma ɓoyayyen ɓoye ko drones, suna da halin yin yaƙe-yaƙe. Yakin da aka yi kan Yemen wanda Shugaba Obama ya yi nasara a bara ya taimaka wajen rura wutar yakin.

A hakikanin gaskiya, ina so in yi tawaye tare da asusun Vine na haihuwar Base Nation, saboda ina tsammanin sauƙaƙe mafi munin yaƙi ya kasance. Itacen inabi ya ba da tarihin sansanonin Amurka a cikin Americanan Asalin Amurkawa, farawa daga 1785 kuma yana raye sosai a yau cikin harshen sojojin Amurka da ke ƙasashen waje a “yankin Indiya.” Amma sai Vine ta fara haihuwar daular masarautar ta zamani zuwa Satumba 2, 1940, lokacin da Shugaba Franklin Roosevelt ya sayi tsofaffin jiragen ruwa na Burtaniya don musayar wasu Caribbean, Bermudan, da kuma sansanonin Kanada da za a yi amfani da su a ciki ko bayan yaƙin da bai kamata ya shirya ba. . Amma ina so in mayar da agogo baya dan kadan.

Lokacin da FDR ta ziyarci Pearl Harbor (ba a zahiri ba na {asar Amirka) a kan Yuli 28, 1934, sojojin Japan sun nuna damuwa. Janar Kunishiga Tanaka ya rubuta a cikin Japan Advertiser, suna ƙyamar gina gwanayen jiragen ruwa na Amurka da kuma kafa wasu bayanan asali a Alaska da Aleutian Islands (kuma ba na Amurka ba): "Irin halin rashin tausayi ya sa mu mafi muni. Yana sa mu tunanin babban matsala an karfafa shi a cikin Pacific. Wannan shi ne babban baƙin ciki. "

Daga bisani, a watan Maris 1935, Roosevelt ya ba Wake Island a kan Rundunar Sojojin Amurka kuma ya ba Pan Am Airways damar ba da damar gina hanyoyi kan Wake Island, Midway Island, da kuma Guam. Jagoran sojojin sojin kasar Japan sun sanar da cewa sun damu kuma sun kalli wadannan hanyoyi kamar barazana. Don haka ne 'yan gwagwarmayar zaman lafiya a Amurka. A watannin na gaba, Roosevelt ya shirya wasannin yaki da motsa jiki kusa da Aleutian Islands da Midway Island. A watan da ya gabata, masu sa ido na zaman lafiya suna tafiya a birnin New York don yin shawarwari tare da Japan. Norman Thomas ya rubuta a 1935: "Mutumin daga Mars wanda ya ga irin yadda mutane suka sha wahala a yakin karshe kuma yadda suke shirye-shirye don yaki na gaba, wanda suka sani zai zama mafi muni, zai zo ga ƙarshe cewa yana kallon masu sukar yan gudun hijira. "Jafananci sun kai hari kan Wake Island kwana hudu bayan sun kai hari a Pearl Harbor.

Ala kulli hal, Vine tana nuni da keɓancewa da Yaƙin Duniya na II a matsayin yaƙi wanda ba a taɓa kawo ƙarshensa ba, koda bayan an ce Yakin Cacar Baki ya ƙare. Me yasa sojojin basu taba dawowa gida ba? Me ya sa suka ci gaba da shimfida kagaransu zuwa cikin "Yankin Indiya," har sai Amurka ta sami sansanonin ƙasashen waje fiye da kowace daula a tarihi, duk da cewa zamanin cin nasara ya ƙare, duk da cewa wani ɓangare na yawan jama'a ya daina tunanin “Indiyawa” da sauran baƙi a matsayin dabbobi marasa ƙarfi ba tare da haƙƙin girmamawa ba?

Reasonaya daga cikin dalilan, Vine da ke rubuce sosai, shine daidai wannan dalilin da ake amfani da babban sansanin Amurka a Guantanamo, Cuba, don ɗaure mutane ba tare da gwaji ba. Ta hanyar shirya yaƙe-yaƙe a wuraren ƙasashen waje, Amurka koyaushe tana iya guje wa kowane irin ƙuntatawa na doka - gami da aiki da muhalli, ba ma maganar karuwanci. GI da ke zaune a Jamus suna magana ne da fyade a matsayin "'yantar da mai farin gashi," kuma yankin bala'in jima'i da ke kewaye da sansanonin Amurka ya ci gaba har zuwa yau, duk da shawarar da aka yanke a 1945 don fara tura iyalai don zama tare da sojoji - manufar da yanzu ta haɗa da jigilar kowane soja gaba ɗaya dukiyar duniya da suka hada da motoci a duk duniya tare da su, ballantana har da samar da kiwon lafiya mai biyan kudi da kuma kashe kudi sau biyu a makaranta a matsayin matsakaita na kasa a gida. Karuwan da ke bautar sansanonin Amurka a Koriya ta Kudu da sauran wurare galibi bayi bayi ne. Philippines, wacce ta sami taimakon Amurka “muddin kowa, ya samar da mafi yawan‘ yan kwangila don sansanonin Amurka, girki, shara, da duk wani abu - kuma da alama mafi yawan karuwan da aka shigo da su zuwa wasu kasashe, kamar Koriya ta Kudu.

Shafukan intanet da suka fi dacewa da marasa bin doka sun haɗa da wuraren da Amurka ta kori jama'a. Wadannan sun hada da asibiti a Diego Garcia, Greenland, Alaska, Hawaii, Panama, Puerto Rico, Marshall Islands, Guam, Philippines, Okinawa, da Koriya ta Kudu - tare da mutanen da aka fitar a kwanan nan kamar yadda 2006 a Koriya ta Kudu.

A cikin daruruwan sauran shafuka inda ba a fitar da yawan jama'a ba, yana iya so shi. Kasashen asali na kasashen waje sun kasance mummunan yanayi. Ƙunƙarar bude-iska, kayan da ba a bayyana ba, sunadarai sun shiga cikin ruwa mai zurfi - waɗannan sune sananne ne. Wani jigilar man fetur a Kirkland Air Force Base a Albuquerque, NM, ya fara ne a 1953 kuma aka gano shi a 1999, kuma ya fi sau biyu sauyin Exxon Valdez. Gidajen ajiya na Amurka a cikin Amurka sun kasance masu lalacewar yanayi, amma ba a kan girman waɗanda ke cikin wasu ƙasashen waje ba. Wani jirgin saman da ya tashi daga Diego Garcia ya kai bam a Afghanistan a 2001 ya rushe kuma ya kwanta a kasa na teku tare da wasu naurorin mota 85. Har ma rayuwar rayuwa ta yau da kullum ta dauki nauyin; Sojojin Amurka suna samar da datti sau uku a matsayin mazaunin gida, misali, Okinawa.

Rashin kulawa da mutane da ƙasa da teku an gina shi cikin ainihin asalin ƙasashen waje. (Asar Amirka ba za ta taba amincewa da asalin wata) asa ba, a cikin iyakokinta, amma ta sanya su a kan Okinawans, Koreans na Kudu, Italiyanci, Filipinas, Iraqis, da sauransu duk da babbar zanga-zangar. Vine ya dauki wasu daga cikin dalibansa don ganawa da wani jami'i a Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, Kevin Maher, wanda ya bayyana musu cewa sansanonin Amurka a Japan sun tattara ne a Okinawa saboda “Puerto Rico ta Japan” ce inda mutane ke da “duhun fata, ”Sun“ gajeru, ”kuma suna da“ lafazi ”

Base Nation littafi ne da ya kamata a karanta - kuma taswirar sa ta gani - kowa ya gani. Ina fata kurangar inabi ba ta rubuta “kwacewar Kirimiya da Rasha ba” lokacin da take magana game da zaɓe na kyauta da na buɗewa da na doka, musamman a cikin mahallin littafi game da tushen soja. Kuma ina fata bai yi amfani da mahimman bayanai na son kai kawai ba game da cinikin kuɗi. Tabbas Amurka zata iya canzawa zuwa mafi kyau ta hanyar jujjuya kudaden sojoji, amma Amurka da duniya duk zasu iya zama. Wannan kudin ne.

Amma wannan littafin zai zama abin amfani mai mahimmanci ga shekaru masu zuwa. Hakanan ya haɗa da, ya kamata in lura, kyakkyawan labari game da wasu gwagwarmayar gwagwarmaya waɗanda a wasu lokuta suka rufe tushe ko kuma mayar da su baya. Ya kamata a lura cewa a wannan makon kawai, a cikin farkon hukunce-hukuncen biyu da suka wajaba, kotun Italiya ta yi sarauta don mutane, game da aikin keɓaɓɓun kayan aikin sadarwa na Sojojin ruwan Amurka a Sicily.

A wannan watan, Babban Jami'in Harkokin Jakadancin Amirka wallafa "Manufofin soja na kasa na Amurka - 2015." Ya ba da hujja don ta'addanci ya ta'allaka ne da ƙasashe huɗu, wanda ya fara da Rasha, wanda ta zarge da "amfani da ƙarfi don cimma burinta," abin da Pentagon ba za ta taɓa yi ba! A gaba ta yi karyar cewa Iran tana "bin" makaman nukiliya, da'awar da babu wata hujja a kanta. A gaba kuma ta yi iƙirarin cewa nukiliyar Koriya ta Arewa wata rana “za su yi wa ƙasar Amurka barazana.” A karshe, ta tabbatar da cewa China na "kara tashin hankali a yankin Asiya da Fasifik." Wannan "Dabarar" ta yarda cewa babu ɗayan ƙasashe huɗun da ke son yaƙi da Amurka. "Duk da haka, kowannensu na da matukar damuwa da tsaro," in ji shi.

Don haka, ɗayan zai iya ƙarawa, kowane ɗayan sansanonin ƙasashen waje na Amurka. Littafin Vine ya ƙare da kyawawan shawarwari game da canji, wanda zan ƙara guda ɗaya kawai: Dokar da Smedley Butler ya gabatar na cewa an hana sojojin Amurka yin tafiya sama da mil 200 daga Amurka.

David Vine ne bakon wannan makon Radio Nation Nation.