By David Swanson, World BEYOND War, Yuni 1, 2020
Yakin da ake yi a kan Vietnam ya taka rawa sosai a tarihi a cikin fahimtar gama gari na ɗan ƙasar Amurka fiye da abin da gwamnatin Amurka ta yi da Indonesia a 1965-1966. Amma idan kun karanta Hanyar Jakarta, sabon littafin da Vincent Bevins, zaku yi mamakin mene ne tushen ɗabi'a na iya zama dalilin hakan?
A yayin yaƙin Vietnam wani ɗan ƙaramin abin da ke cikin rauni daga membobin sojojin Amurka ne. A lokacin kifar da Indonesiya, kashi dari bisa dari na wadanda harin ya rutsa da su wakilan sojojin Amurka ne. Yaƙi a Vietnam na iya kashe kusan mutane miliyan 3.8, ba da ƙidaya waɗanda za su mutu daga baya ba sakamakon guba na muhalli ko kashe kansa, kuma ba a ƙidaya Laos ko Cambodia ba. Rushewar Indonesiya wataƙila ta kashe mutane miliyan 1. Amma bari mu dan duba gaba.
Yakin da ake yi a Vietnam ya kasance kasawar sojan Amurka. Rushewar a Indonesiya wata nasara ce. Tsohon ya canza kadan a duniya. Latterarshen yana da mahimmanci a cikin ruguza ƙungiyoyin da ba su da haɗin kai na gwamnatocin duniya na uku, da kuma samar da manufar “ɓacewa” da azabtarwa da yanka adadi mai yawa na farar hula a duk faɗin duniya. Jami'an Amurka sun kwace wannan manufa daga Indonesia zuwa Latin Amurka kuma suka yi amfani da kafa Operation Condor da kuma hanyoyin sadarwa na Amurka da Amurka ke goyon baya da kuma kisan gilla.
An yi amfani da hanyar Jakarta a Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, da Uruguay a shekarun 1970 zuwa 1980, zuwa lokacin da aka kashe mutane 60,000 zuwa 80,000. An dauki wannan kayan aiki a cikin Vietnam a cikin 1968-1972 a karkashin sunan Operation Phoenix (50,000 aka kashe), Iraq 1963 da 1978 (5,000 aka kashe), Mexico 1965-1982 (1,300 aka kashe), Philippines 1972-1986 (3,250 aka kashe), Thailand 1973 (3,000 aka kashe), Sudan 1971 (ƙasa da 100 aka kashe), Gabashin Timor 1975-1999 (300,000 aka kashe), Nicaragua 1979-1989 (50,000 aka kashe), El Salvador 1979-1992 (75,000 aka kashe), Honduras 1980-1993 (200 wanda aka kashe), Kolombiya 1985-1995 (3,000-5,000 aka kashe), da wasu wuraren da aka fara irin waɗannan hanyoyin tuni, kamar Taiwan 1947 (10,000 aka kashe), Koriya ta Kudu 1948-1950 (100,000 zuwa 200,000 aka kashe), Guatemala 1954-1996 (200,000 aka kashe), da Venezuela 1959-1970 (500-1,500 aka kashe).
Waɗannan lambobin Bevins ne, amma jerin ba su da iyaka, kuma ba za a iya fahimtar cikakken tasirin ba tare da sanin yadda aka san wannan a duk duniya a waje da Amurka ba, da kuma irin yadda wannan kisan gilla ya sanya barazana ce kawai ta kara yanke hukunci kan tasirin gwamnatoci zuwa manufofin da ke cutar da mutanensu - ba tare da ambaton bacin rai da ci gaban da aka haifar ba. Na dan yi hira da John Perkins, marubucin Tabbatarwa na Hitman Tattalin Arziki, A kan Radio Nation Nation, game da sabon littafinsa, kuma lokacin da na tambayeshi nawa aka kammala juyin juya hali ba tare da wani juyin mulki da ake bukata ba, kawai tare da barazanar, amsar ba “adadi.”
Hanyar Jakarta ya bayyana a fili wasu mahimman bayanai waɗanda shahararrun ra'ayoyi na tarihi ba su da kyau. Ba a ci nasarar Yaƙin Cacar Baki ba, ba a yada jari-hujja ba, ba a faɗaɗa tasirin Amurka ba ta misali ko ma ta hanyar tallata Hollywood na wani abu mai kyau, amma kuma mahimmanci ta hanyar kashe yawancin maza, mata, da yara da fata mai duhu a cikin talauci. kasashe ba tare da kashe sojojin Amurka ba wanda watakila ya sa wani ya fara kulawa. Sirrin sirri, CIA mai raɗaɗi da miyan haruffa na hukumomin da ba za a iya lissafa su ba su cika komai a tsawon shekaru ta hanyar leƙo asirin ƙasa da ɓoye - a zahiri waɗannan ƙoƙarin ba su da wata fa'ida koyaushe a kan nasu sharuddan. Kayan aikin da suka kifar da gwamnatoci da sanya manufofin kamfanoni da fitar da riba da albarkatun kasa da arha ba kawai kayan aikin farfaganda bane kuma ba kawai karas na taimako ga masu kama-karya ba, amma har ila yau, watakila farko da mahimmanci: machete, igiya, da bindiga, bam, da wayar lantarki.
Yaƙin neman zaɓe a Indonesia bai da asalin asalin tsafi daga ko'ina, kodayake sabo ne a cikin girmanta da kuma nasarar da ta samu. Kuma bai dogara da yanke shawara guda ba a Fadar White House, kodayake mika mulki daga JFK zuwa LBJ yana da mahimmanci. Amurka ta kwashe shekaru tana ta girke sojojin Indonesiya a cikin Amurka, da kuma girke sojojin Indonesiya na tsawon shekaru. Amurka ta dauki jakada mai son zaman lafiya daga Indonesia kuma ta sanya wacce ta kasance wani bangare na juyin mulki a Koriya ta Kudu. CIA ta dauki sabon shugabanta na Indonesiya a gaba, da kuma jerin sunayen '' kwaminisanci 'wadanda ya kamata a kashe. Sabili da haka sun kasance. Bevins ya lura cewa jami'an Amurka sun riga sun gabatar da irin wannan jerin sunayen kisan a Guatemala 1954 da Iraq 1963. Ina zargin Koriya ta Kudu 1949-1950 na iya kasancewa a cikin wannan jerin.
Rushewar da aka yi a Indonesiya ta ba da kariya da kuma fadada ribar da kamfanonin mai na Amurka, da kamfanonin hakar ma'adanai, da masu sarrafa tsiron, da sauran kamfanoni. Yayin da jini ke gudana, kafofin watsa labaru na Amurka sun ba da rahoton cewa, 'yan Gabas sun ci baya ne ba tare da wata ma'ana ba suna kare rayukan da ba su da daraja (kuma ba wanda ya fi shi daraja ko guda). A zahiri, babban abin da ke haifar da tashe-tashen hankula kuma babban wanda ya haddasa ta ci gaba da fadada shi ne gwamnatin Amurka. Aka lalata babbar jam'iyyar kwaminis ta uku a duniya. An cire wanda ya kafa kungiyar Duniya ta Uku. Kuma an kafa gwamnatin mahaukaci na kare hakkin gurguzu wanda aka yi amfani da shi azaman abin koyi ga wasu wurare.
Duk da yake yanzu mun sani daga bincike da Erica Chenoweth ta yi cewa yaƙin neman zaɓe na yaƙi da azzalumai da mamayar foreignasashen waje suna da yuwuwar samun nasara kuma waɗancan nasarorin suna daɗewa fiye da nasarorin gwagwarmayar tashin hankali, hakan yana kawo cikas ga rushewar Indonesiya. A duniya, an 'koya' wani darasi, '' waɗanda suka bari a Indonesia sun kasance masu makamai da tashin hankali. Wannan darasi ya kawo wahalhalun marasa iyaka ga mutane da yawa shekaru da yawa.
Littafin Bevins mai gaskiya ne kuma ba tare da nuna son kai na Amurka ba (ko nuna adawa ga Amurka game da hakan). Akwai bambanci guda ɗaya, kuma yana da tabbas wanda ake iya faɗi: Yaƙin Duniya na II. A cewar Bevins, sojojin Amurka sun yi yakin duniya na biyu don kwato fursunoni daga sansanonin mutuwa, kuma sun yi nasara a yakin. Ofarfin wannan tatsuniyar a cikin shirye-shiryen ciyar da kisan gilla da Bevins ya yi a bayyane ya kamata ba za a ƙididdige shi ba. Gwamnatin Amurka kafin da kuma lokacin yakin duniya na biyu ta ki ta kwashe wadanda Nazis din ke yi wa barazana, ta ki yarda ta dauki wani mataki na diflomasiyya ko na soja don dakatar da wannan abin firgita, kuma ba ta taba danganta yakin da kokarin ceton wadanda ke cikin gidan yarin ba har sai bayan yakin ya kare - yakin da Tarayyar Soviet ta ci da rinjaye.
