By Gar Smith / Masu muhalli na yaki da yaki
A ranar tunawa da littafin sa hannu a Diesel Books, David Swanson, wanda ya kafa World Beyond War kuma marubucin "War Is a Lie" ya ce yana fatan za a yi amfani da littafinsa a matsayin jagorar yadda za a taimaka wa 'yan ƙasa "tabo da kuma kiran karya da wuri." Duk da jawabai na bellicose da ke fitowa a cikin zaurukan manyan birane da yawa, zaman lafiya ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. "Paparoma Francis ya ci gaba da yin rikodin yana cewa 'Babu wani abu kamar yakin adalci' kuma wa zan yi jayayya da Paparoma?"
Musamman ga Masu Muhalli da Yaki
BERKELEY, Calif. (Yuni 11, 2016) - A wani littafin Ranar Tunawa da rattaba hannu a Diesel Books a ranar Mayu 29, mai fafutukar zaman lafiya Cindy Sheehan ya daidaita Q&A tare da David Swanson, wanda ya kafa World Beyond War kuma marubucin War Is a Lie (yanzu a bugu na biyu). Swanson ya ce yana fatan za a yi amfani da littafin nasa a matsayin jagorar yadda za a taimaka wa 'yan kasa "tabo da kiran karya da wuri."
Duk da kalaman bellicose da ke ci gaba da bayyana ra'ayoyinsu a zaurukan manyan biranen duniya, kasancewar yaki da yaki yana kara zama ruwan dare. "Paparoma Francis ya ci gaba da yin rikodin yana cewa 'Babu wani abu kamar yakin adalci' kuma wa zan yi jayayya da Paparoma?" Swanson murmushi.
Tare da baka ga masu sha'awar wasanni na cikin gida, Swanson ya kara da cewa: "Jaruman da nake goyon baya su ne Jaruman Jihar Golden. Ina so in sa su canza suna zuwa wani abu mafi aminci.
Al'adun Amurka Al'adun Yaki ne
"Kowane yaki yakin daular mulkin mallaka ne," Swanson ya fadawa gidan da ya cika. “Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu bai ƙare ba. Ana ci gaba da gano wasu bama-bamai da aka binne a kasashen Turai. Wani lokaci sukan fashewa, wanda ya haifar da ƙarin hasarar shekaru bayan yakin da aka tura su. Kuma har yanzu Amurka tana da sojojin da aka tsare a ko'ina cikin tsohon gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Turai.
Swanson ya ci gaba da cewa "Yakukuwa sun shafi mamaye duniya." “Shi ya sa yaki bai ƙare ba da rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet da kuma ƙarshen Yaƙin Cacar Ba. Ya zama dole a nemo wata sabuwar barazana domin dawwamar da mulkin daular Amurka."
Kuma yayin da ba mu da Tsarin Sabis na Zaɓan, Swanson ya yarda, har yanzu muna da Sabis na Harajin Cikin Gida - wani gadon cibiyoyi na Yaƙin Duniya na II.
A cikin yaƙe-yaƙe da suka gabata, Swanson ya bayyana cewa, hamshakan attajirai na Amirka ne suka biya harajin yaƙi (wanda ya yi adalci, ganin cewa ajin masana'antu masu arziki ne da babu makawa suka ci gajiyar barkewar yake-yake). Lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da sabon harajin yaƙi kan albashin ma'aikatan Amurka don ba da kuɗin yaƙin duniya na biyu, an tallata shi a matsayin jingina ta wucin gadi kan albashin ma'aikata. Amma maimakon a bace bayan kawo karshen tashin hankali, harajin ya zama na dindindin.
Yaƙin neman zaɓe na haraji na duniya ba wanda ya jagoranta sai Donald Duck. Swanson ya yi la'akari da tallace-tallacen harajin yaƙi da Disney ya samar wanda a cikinsa aka sami nasarar shawo kan Donald mai rashin son yin tari "haraji na nasara don yaƙar Axis."
Hollywood ta doke Drums don Yaƙi
Da yake jawabi ga na'urar farfagandar Amurka ta zamani, Swanson ya soki rawar Hollywood da tallata fina-finai kamar su. Dark Thirty Dark, wani sigar da Pentagon ta tantance na kisan Osama bin Laden. Rundunar soja tare da jami’an leken asiri sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da labari da kuma jagorantar labarin fim din.
Sheehan ya ambata cewa Inna lafiya, daya daga cikin littattafai bakwai da ta rubuta, Brad Pitt ya yi gwanjonsa don yin fim. Bayan shekaru biyu, duk da haka, an soke aikin, a fili saboda damuwa cewa fina-finai na antiwar ba za su sami masu sauraro ba. Sheehan ya girma a hankali. Ta dan dakata don bayyana cewa danta Casey, wanda ya mutu a yakin Iraki ba bisa ka'ida ba na George W. Bush a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 2004, "da ya cika shekara 37 a yau."
Swanson ya ja hankali ga fim ɗin pro-drone na kwanan nan Eye in the Sky a matsayin wani misali na saƙon yaƙi. Duk da yake ƙoƙarin bincika halin ɗabi'a na lalacewar haɗin gwiwa (a cikin wannan yanayin, a cikin nau'in yarinya mara laifi tana wasa kusa da ginin da aka yi niyya), samar da gogewa daga ƙarshe ya yi aiki don tabbatar da kisan wani ɗaki na masu jihadi na abokan gaba waɗanda aka nuna a cikin tsarin ba da riguna masu fashewa a shirye-shiryen shahada.
Swanson ya ba da wasu mahallin ban mamaki. "A wannan makon da Eye in the Sky ya yi shi ne karon farko na wasan kwaikwayo a Amurka," in ji shi, "mutane 150 a Somaliya sun yi kaca-kaca da jiragen Amurka."
Kamar yadda Ba'amurke kamar Napalm Pie
"Muna buƙatar kawar da yaki daga al'adunmu," in ji Swanson. An koyawa Amurkawa don karɓar yaƙi kamar yadda ya zama dole kuma babu makawa lokacin da tarihi ya nuna cewa yawancin yaƙe-yaƙe an gudanar da su ta hanyar buƙatun kasuwanci masu ƙarfi da ƴan wasan siyasa masu sanyi. Ka tuna da Ƙaddamar Gulf of Tonkin? Ka Tuna Makamai Na Rushe Jama'a? Tuna da Maine?
Swanson ya tunatar da masu sauraro cewa hujjar zamani don tsoma bakin soja yawanci takan gangaro zuwa kalma ɗaya, "Rwanda." Tunanin shi ne an yi kisan kare dangi a Kongo da sauran kasashen Afirka saboda rashin tsoma bakin soja da wuri a Rwanda. Don hana ta'addanci a nan gaba, tunani ya tafi, dole ne a dogara da shi da wuri, shigar da makamai. Idan ba a tantama ba, ana zaton cewa sojojin kasashen waje da suka kutsa kai cikin kasar Ruwanda da harba bama-bamai da rokoki sun kawo karshen kashe-kashen da ake yi a kasa ko kuma ya haifar da karancin mace-mace da kwanciyar hankali.
"Amurka wata sana'a ce ta masu aikata laifuka," Swanson ya tuhume shi kafin ya yi niyya ga wata hujjar da 'yan bindiga suka yarda da su a duk duniya: manufar "yakin da bai dace ba". Swanson ya ki amincewa da gardamar saboda amfani da kalmar ya nuna cewa dole ne a sami matakan "dace" na tashin hankalin soja. Kisan har yanzu yana kisa, Swanson ya lura. Kalmar nan “marasa daidaituwa” tana nufin tabbatar da “ƙananan kisa na jama’a.” Haka abin yake tare da rashin daidaituwar ra'ayi na "shisshigin makami na ɗan adam."
Swanson ya tuna da muhawara game da zaben George W. Bush a wa'adi na biyu. Magoya bayan W sun yi jayayya cewa ba hikima ba ce a "canza dawakai a tsakiyar rafi." Swanson ya ƙara ganin shi a matsayin tambaya na "kada ku canza dawakai a tsakiyar Apocalypse."
Tsaye a Hanyar Yaki
“Telebijin ya gaya mana cewa mu masu amfani ne na farko kuma masu jefa kuri’a na biyu. Amma gaskiyar magana ita ce, ba jefa kuri'a ba ne kawai - kuma ba ma mafi kyau ba - aikin siyasa." Swanson ya lura. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci (har ma na juyin juya hali) cewa "Bernie [Sanders] ya sami miliyoyin Amurkawa don rashin biyayya ga talabijin."
Swanson ya koka da raguwar gwagwarmayar yaki da yaki a Amurka, yana mai nuni da ci gaba da ci gaban yunkurin zaman lafiya na Turai wanda "ya sanya Amurka kunya." Ya gaishe da Netherlands, wanda ya gabatar da kalubale ga ci gaba da kasancewar makaman nukiliya na Amurka a Turai, sannan kuma ya ambaci yakin neman rufe sansanin sojojin Amurka a Ramstein Jamus (wani mahimmin wuri a cikin rikice-rikice kuma ba bisa ka'ida ba) CIA / Pentagon "drone killer" shirin da ke ci gaba da kashe dubban fararen hula marasa laifi da kuma korar daukar ma'aikata a duniya don makiyan Washington). Don ƙarin bayani kan yaƙin neman zaɓe na Ramstein, duba rootsaction.org.
Kamar mutane da yawa a hagu, Swanson ya raina Hillary Clinton da kuma aikinta a matsayin mai ba da shawara na Wall Street da Nouveau Cold Warrior ba tare da hakuri ba. Kuma, Swanson ya nuna, Bernie Sanders shima ba shi da shi idan ana batun hanyoyin magance tashin hankali. Sanders ya ci gaba da yin rikodin a matsayin yana tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe na waje na Pentagon da kuma amfani da jirage marasa matuƙa a cikin kawancen Bush / Obama / Soja-Industrial wanda ba zai ƙare ba kuma ba zai ci nasara ba akan Ta'addanci.
"Bernie ba Jeremy Corbin ba," shine yadda Swanson ya fada, yana mai nuni da kalaman adawa da yaki na shugaban jam'iyyar Labour ta Burtaniya mai tayar da kayar baya. (Da yake magana da Britaniya, Swanson ya faɗakar da masu sauraronsa cewa, akwai wani “babban labari” da zai tashi a ranar 6 ga watan Yuli. A lokacin ne hukumar binciken Chilcot ta Biritaniya ke shirin fitar da sakamakon binciken da ta daɗe tana yi kan rawar da Birtaniyya ta taka a rikicin siyasar da ke cewa. kai ga George W. Bush's da Tony Blair na shege da rashin hujjar yakin Gulf.)
Kwarai da gaske wajen kashe yara
Tunani kan rawar da shugaban kasa ya taka sau ɗaya aminta, "Ya zama cewa ina da kwarewa sosai wajen kashe mutane," Swanson ya hango tsarin kisan gillar da Oval-Office ya yi: "Kowace Talata Obama yana shiga cikin 'jerin kisa' kuma yana mamakin abin da Saint Thomas Aquinas zai yi tunaninsa." (Aquinas, ba shakka, shine mahaifin manufar "Just War".)
Yayin da dan takarar shugaban kasa na jam'iyyar Republican Donald Trump ya dauki zafi saboda jayayya cewa dole ne sojojin Amurka su tsawaita yakin da ta'addanci don hada da "kashe iyalai" na abokan adawar da aka yi niyya, shugabannin Amurka sun riga sun sanya wannan dabara ta "kashe su duka" a matsayin manufofin Amurka. A cikin 2011, wani Ba'amurke, malami kuma malami Anwar al-Awlaki ya mutu sakamakon wani harin da jirgin sama mara matuki ya kai a Yemen. Makonni biyu bayan haka, dan al-Awaki mai shekaru 16 Abdulrahman (shima dan kasar Amurka), ya kona shi da wani jirgi maras matuki na Amurka na biyu bisa umarnin Barack Obama.
Lokacin da masu suka suka tada tambayoyi game da kisan gillar da aka yi wa matashin al-Alwaki, martanin da aka kore shi (a cikin kalmomin Sakataren yada labaran fadar White House Robert Gibbs) ya ɗauki sanyi mai sanyi na Mafia don: "Ya kamata ya kasance [yana da] uba mafi girma."
Yana da matukar damuwa sanin cewa muna rayuwa ne a cikin al'ummar da aka tsara ta sai dai kashe yara. Daidai da damuwa: Swanson ya lura cewa Amurka ita ce kasa daya tilo a Duniya da ta ki amincewa da yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'yancin yara.
A cewar Swanson, kuri'un da aka gudanar sun nuna cewa yawancin jama'a za su amince da wannan furuci: "Bai kamata mu fara wannan yakin ba." Koyaya, kaɗan ne za su ci gaba da yin rikodin suna cewa: "Ya kamata mu dakatar da wannan yaƙin daga farawa da farko." Amma gaskiyar magana ita ce, Swanson ya ce, an yi wasu yaƙe-yaƙe da ba su faru ba saboda adawa daga tushe. Barazanar “Red Line” mara tushe na Obama na kawar da shugaban Syria Bashar al-Assad ya kasance misali na baya-bayan nan. (Hakika, John Kerry da Vladimir Putin sun ba da babban yabo don kawar da wannan bala'i.) "Mun dakatar da wasu yaƙe-yaƙe," in ji Swanson, "Amma ba ku ga wannan rahoton ba."
Alamu a kan Warpath
A tsawon karshen mako na Ranar Tunawa da Mutuwar Duniya, gwamnati da jama'a sun yi kokawa don sarrafa labarin yaƙe-yaƙe na Amurka. (PS: A cikin 2013, Obama ya yi bikin cika shekaru 60 na Sojojin Koriya ta hanyar ayyana rikicin Koriya ta jini wani abu ne da za a yi biki. Obama ya dage, "Koriya ta kasance nasara.") A wannan shekara, Pentagon ta ci gaba da inganta bukukuwan farfagandar tunawa da yakin Vietnam kuma, a sake, waɗannan hare-haren kishin kasa sun kalubalanci Vietnam Vets a kan Yaƙi.
Dangane da ziyarar da Obama ya yi a Japan da Koriya kwanan nan, Swanson ya caccaki shugaban. Obama bai ziyarci Hiroshima ko Ho Chi Minh City ba don ba da hakuri, ramawa ko diyya, Swanson ya koka. Maimakon haka, ya zama kamar ya fi sha'awar gabatar da kansa a matsayin mutum na gaba ga masu kera makaman Amurka.
Swanson ya kalubalanci hujjar cewa daular Amurka mai yaduwa na sansanonin kasashen waje da kuma kasafin kudin Pentagon na biliyoyin daloli an tsara su ne don "tsare Amurkawa" daga ISIS / Al Qaeda / Taliban / Jihadists. Gaskiyar ita ce - godiya ga ikon Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Bindiga ta Ƙasa da kuma sakamakon yaduwar bindigogi a fadin kasar - kowace shekara "Yaran Amurka suna kashe Amurkawa fiye da 'yan ta'adda." Amma ba a ganin yara ƙanana a matsayin mugaye na gaske, masu ra'ayin addini, ƙungiyoyi masu ƙalubale na geopolitically.
Swanson ya yaba da Dokar Haƙƙin GI, amma ya biyo baya tare da kallon da ba a taɓa jin ba: "Ba kwa buƙatar yaƙi don samun GI Bill of Rights." Ƙasar tana da hanyoyi da ikon samar da ilimi kyauta ga kowa da kowa kuma zai iya cimma wannan ba tare da gadon gurgunta bashin dalibai ba. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan tarihi a bayan ƙaddamar da GI Bill, Swanson ya tuna, shine rashin jin daɗi na Washington game da babban "Bonus Army" na ƙwararrun likitocin da suka mamaye Washington a yakin duniya na XNUMX. Ma'aikatan dabbobi - da iyalansu - suna bukata. kawai biyan kuɗin hidimarsu da kula da raunukan su na dindindin. (A ƙarshe an watse aikin tare da tarin hayaki mai sa hawaye, harsasai, da bayonet waɗanda sojoji ƙarƙashin umurnin Janar Douglas MacArthur ke yi.)
Shin Akwai 'Yaki Kawai'?
Q&A ya bayyana bambancin ra'ayi game da ko akwai wani abu a matsayin "amfani da halal" na karfi - don 'yancin kai na siyasa ko kuma a hanyar kare kai. Wani memba na masu sauraro ya tashi ya yi shelar cewa zai yi alfahari da yin hidima a Brigade na Abraham Lincoln.
Swanson - wanda ke da cikakken sani idan ya zo ga al'amura na fada - ya amsa kalubalen ta hanyar tambaya: "Me ya sa ba za ku yi alfahari da shiga cikin juyin juya hali ba?" Ya ba da misali da juyin juya halin "Ƙarfin Jama'a" a Philippines, Poland, da Tunisia.
Amma yaya game da juyin juya halin Amurka? wani mai sauraro ya tambaya. Swanson yayi tunanin cewa rabuwar rashin tashin hankali daga Ingila na iya yiwuwa. "Ba za ku iya zargi George Washington da rashin sanin Gandhi ba," in ji shi.
Tunanin lokacin Washington (zamanin da aka yiwa alama ta farkon "Yakin Indiya") Swanson ya yi magana akan al'adar Birtaniyya ta lalata "kofuna" - gashin kai da sauran sassan jiki - daga "Indiyawa" da aka yanka. Wasu littattafan tarihi sun yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan ayyukan dabbanci an ɗauko su ne daga ’yan asalin ƙasar Amirka da kansu. Amma, a cewar Swanson, waɗannan munanan halaye sun riga sun sami gindin zama a cikin al'adun masarautar Burtaniya. Tarihin tarihi ya nuna cewa waɗannan ayyukan sun fara ne a cikin Tsohon Ƙasa, lokacin da Birtaniya suka yi yaƙi, suna kashe - kuma, a, fatar jiki - ja-jajayen "savages" na Ireland.
Da yake amsa kalubalen cewa yakin basasa ya zama dole don riƙe ƙungiyar, Swanson ya ba da labari daban-daban wanda ba safai ba, idan ya kasance, nishaɗi. Maimakon kaddamar da yaki da jihohin masu ra'ayin ballewa, Swanson ya ba da shawara, Lincoln zai iya cewa kawai: "Bari' su tafi."
Maimakon ɓata rayuka da yawa, da Amurka kawai ta zama ƙaramar ƙasa, mafi dacewa da girman ƙasashe a Turai kuma, kamar yadda Swanson ya lura, ƙananan ƙasashe suna da sauƙin sarrafawa - kuma sun fi dacewa da mulkin dimokuradiyya.
Amma tabbas yakin duniya na biyu “yaki ne mai kyau,” wani memba na masu sauraro ya ba da shawara. Shin yakin duniya na biyu bai dace ba idan aka yi la’akari da munin kisan kiyashin da Nazi ya yi wa Yahudawa? Swanson ya yi nuni da cewa, abin da ake kira "Kyakkyawan Yaki" ya yi sanadiyar kashe fararen hula da dama, sai kuma miliyan shida da suka mutu a sansanonin mutuwar Jamus. Swanson ya kuma tunatar da masu sauraro cewa, kafin barkewar yakin duniya na biyu, masu masana'antu na Amurka sun ba da goyon bayansu - na siyasa da kudi - ga gwamnatin Nazi ta Jamus da kuma gwamnatin farkisanci a Italiya.
Lokacin da Hitler ya tunkari Ingila tare da ba da hadin kai wajen korar Yahudawan Jamus don sake tsugunar da su a kasashen waje, Churchill ya yi watsi da ra'ayin, yana mai da'awar cewa dabaru - watau yuwuwar adadin jiragen ruwa da abin ya shafa - zai yi nauyi sosai. A halin da ake ciki kuma, a Amurka, Washington ta shagaltu da tura jiragen ruwa masu tsaron gabar teku domin fitar da wani jirgin ruwa dauke da 'yan gudun hijira Yahudawa daga gabar tekun Florida, inda suka yi fatan samun mafaka. Swanson ya bayyana wani labarin da ba a san shi ba: Iyalin Anne Frank sun nemi mafaka a Amurka amma takardar izinin shiga su Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta musanta.
Kuma, har zuwa tabbatar da yin amfani da makaman nukiliya a kan Japan "don ceton rayuka," Swanson ya lura cewa Washington ta dage kan "mika kai ba tare da sharadi ba" wanda ba dole ba ne ya tsawaita yakin - da kuma yawan mutuwarsa.
Swanson ya tambayi idan mutane ba su same shi ba "abin ban tsoro" cewa don kare "wajibi" yaki, dole ne ku koma shekaru 75 don nemo misali guda ɗaya na abin da ake kira "yaki mai kyau" don tabbatar da ci gaba da wuraren shakatawa. zuwa karfin soja a cikin harkokin duniya.
Sannan akwai batun dokar tsarin mulki. Lokaci na ƙarshe da Majalisa ta amince da yaƙi shine a cikin 1941. Duk yakin tun daga lokacin ya saba wa tsarin mulki. Kowane yaki tun daga lokacin ya kasance ba bisa ka'ida ba a karkashin yarjejeniyar Kellogg-Briand da Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, dukansu sun haramta yakin zalunci na kasa da kasa.
Da yake rufewa, Swanson ya tuna yadda, a ɗaya daga cikin karatunsa na San Francisco a ranar da ta gabata, wani tsohon sojan Vietnam ya tashi tsaye a cikin masu sauraro kuma, da hawaye a idanunsa, ya roƙi mutane su “tuna 58,000 da suka mutu a wannan yaƙin.”
"Na yarda da kai, ɗan'uwa," Swanson ya amsa cikin tausayi. Sa'an nan, yayin da yake yin la'akari da barnar da yakin Amurka ya bazu a Vietnam, Laos da Cambodia, ya kara da cewa: "Ina ganin yana da muhimmanci a tuna da dukan mutane miliyan shida da 58,000 da suka mutu a wannan yakin."
Gaskiya guda 13 game da Yaki (Babi daga Yaƙi Yaƙi ne)
* Yaƙe-yaƙe ba a yaƙi da mugunta
* Ba a kaddamar da yakin don kare kai ba
* Ba a yin yaƙe-yaƙe don karimci
* Yaƙe-yaƙe ba su yiwuwa
* Jarumai ba jarumai bane
* Masu yin yaƙi ba su da kyakkyawar manufa
* Ba a tsawaita yaƙe-yaƙe don amfanin sojoji
* Ba a yin yaƙe-yaƙe a fagen fama
* Yaƙe-yaƙe ba ɗaya ba ne, kuma ba a ƙare ta hanyar faɗaɗa su
* Labarin yaki ba ya zuwa daga masu sa ido marasa sha'awa
* Yaki baya kawo tsaro kuma baya dorewa
* Yaƙe-yaƙe ba doka ba ne
* Ba za a iya tsara yaƙe-yaƙe da kuma kauce wa yaƙe-yaƙe ba
NB: Wannan labarin ya dogara ne akan manyan rubuce-rubucen da aka rubuta da hannu kuma ba a rubuta shi daga rikodin rikodi ba.
