Kuna son magance rashin aikin yi? Rage Kudaden Soja

Ta hannun Nia Harris, Cassandra Stimpson da Ben Freeman, Agusta 8, 2019

daga The Nation

A Marilyn ta sake yaudari shugaba. Wannan lokacin, ko da yake, ba haka bane star movie; shi ne Marillyn Hewson, shugaban Lockheed Martin, babban mai ba da kwangilar tsaron kasa da kuma wanda ya fi kowa kaya a duniya. A watan da ya gabata, Donald Trump da Hewson sun yi kama da juna. Suna “ceto”Ayyuka a wata helikofta. Sun dauki matakin tare a wani kamfani na Lockheed a Milwaukee. Shugaban vetoed takardar kudi guda uku da zasu iya hana sayarwar Lockheed (da sauran kamfanoni) zuwa Saudi Arabia. Kwanan nan, 'yar shugaban kasar Ivanka har ma yawo akwai wani fili na Lockheed tare da Hewson.

A Yuli 15, asusun ajiyar gidan yanar gizo na White House na Twitter tweeted bidiyon Babbar Jagora Lockheed yana yaba kyawawan ayyukan kariya na makami mai linzami na kamfanin THAAD, yana da'awar cewa yana "yana goyan bayan ma'aikatan Amurka na 25,000." Ba wai kawai Hewson yana haɓaka samfurin kamfanin nata ba ne, amma tana yin raminsa-tare da makami a bangon- a farfajiyar Fadar White House. Twitter nan da nan ya fashe da fushi game da Fadar White House ta tallata wani talla ga wani kamfani mai zaman kansa, tare da wasu kira shi "maras mutunci" kuma "mai yiwuwa haramtacce."

Babu ko daya daga wannan, duk da haka, ya kasance daga cikin talakawa kamar yadda gwamnatin Trump ta daina komai don tura hujjar cewa samar da aikin yi hujja ce wacce zata tallafawa masu kera makaman zuwa satar. Tun kafin rantsar da Donald Trump a matsayin shugaban kasa, tuni ya kasance mai dagewa cewa kashe kudaden sojoji babban aikin kirkira ne. Sau biyu kawai ya ninka wannan tabbacin a lokacin shugabancinsa. Kwanan nan, watsi da ƙin shiga majalisa, har ma ayyana “gaggawa” don tilastawa ta wani bangare na sayar da makamai ga Saudi Arabiya wanda ya kasance sau daya da'awa zai kirkiro ayyukan yi sama da miliyan daya. Duk da yake wannan da'awar ta kasance sosai dabarun, mafi mahimmancin jigon hujjarsa - cewa ƙarin kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗe ga masu ba da kariya zai haifar da adadi mai yawa na sabbin ayyuka - ana ɗauka gaskiyar mutane da yawa ne a cikin masana'antar tsaro, musamman Marillyn Hewson.

Gaskiyar magana tana ba da wani labari daban.

Makullin Kulle Nunin Talollley, DALILAI SA'AD CIKIN CIKIN SAUKAR AMARKA

Don gwada hujjar Trump da Hewson, mun yi tambaya mai sauƙi: Lokacin da 'yan kwangila suka karɓi ƙarin masu biyan haraji, galibi suna ƙirƙirar ƙarin ayyuka? Don amsa shi, mun bincika rahotannin manyan 'yan kwangilar tsaron da aka gabatar a kowace shekara tare da Hukumar Tsaro da Canjin Amurka (Amurka Security)SEC). Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, wadannan sun bayyana jimlar yawan mutanen da wani kamfani ke karba da kuma albashin babban jami'in sa. Daga nan sai muka kwatanta wadancan alkaluman da dala harajin tarayya kowane kamfani da aka karba, bisa zuwa Tsarin Bayanai na Tallace-Tallacen Tarayya, wanda ke auna “dalar Amurka ta wajaba,” ko kudade, gwamnati ta baiwa kamfanin kamfani ta hanyar kamfani.

Mun mayar da hankali kan manyan kwastomomin tsaro biyar na Pentagon, ainihin babbar cibiyar masana'antar soja-masana'antu, na shekarun 2012 zuwa 2018. Kamar yadda ya faru, 2012 ya kasance shekara ta muhimmaci saboda Dokar Kula da Kasafin Kudi (BCA) da farko ta fara aiwatarwa a lokacin, kafa madaidaiciya akan yawan kuɗin da Majalisa zata kashe da kuma ba da izini ga raguwar kashe kuɗaɗen tsaro ta hanyar 2021. Waɗannan kofofin ba a cika yarda da su ba. Daga qarshe, a zahiri, Pentagon za ta karɓi muhimmi Kara kudi a cikin BCA shekaru fiye da na baya, lokacin da yaƙe-yaƙe na Amurka a Afghanistan da Iraki sun kasance maɗaukakansu.

A cikin 2012, ya damu cewa wa] annan caji game da kashe kuɗin kare za su yanke cikin lamuransu, manyan contractan kwangilar biyar sun ci gaba da tayar da fitina ta siyasa, suna mai da ayyukan yi nan gaba su zama makaman zaɓin su. Bayan da Dokar Kula da Kasafin Kudi ta wuce, Associationungiyar Masana'antun Ayyukan Sama - babbar tradeungiyar cinikin makaman-gargadi cewa fiye da ayyuka miliyan miliyan zasu iya fuskantar haɗari idan an rage kashe kudaden Pentagon. Don ƙarfafa batun, Lockheed ya aika da layoff sanarwa ga ma'aikatan 123,000 tun kafin aiwatar da BCA kuma kwanaki kawai kafin a fara zaben 2012. Wadancan layoffs ba su faru a zahiri ba, amma tsoron rasa ayyuka zai tabbatar da gaske kuma zai dawwama.

Yi la'akari da shi manufa ta cika, tunda da gaske ana kashe kuɗi Pentagon mafi girma a cikin 2018 fiye da na 2012 kuma Lockheed sun sami babban lalacewa na wancan jigilar kuɗi. Daga 2012 zuwa 2018, a tsakanin 'yan kwangilar gwamnati, wannan kamfani zai kasance, a zahiri, ya kasance babban mai karɓar dala haraji a duk shekara, waɗancan kuɗin sun kai jimlar su a cikin 2017, kamar yadda yake tarawa sama da $ 50.6 biliyan dalar Amurka. Da bambanci, a cikin 2012, lokacin da Lockheed ke barazanar ma'aikatanta da taro Layoffs, kamfanin ya karɓi kusan $ 37 biliyan.

Don haka menene Lockheed yayi da waɗannan ƙarin dala biliyan $ 13 mai biyan haraji? Zai dace a ɗauka cewa ta yi amfani da wasu daga wannan bututun (kamar na shekarun da suka gabata) don saka hannun jari don haɓaka ma'aikatanta. Idan kuwa har ka kai ga wannan matakin, to, lallai za ka kuskure sosai. Daga 2012 zuwa 2018, yawan aiki a Lockheed a zahiri ya faɗi daga 120,000 to 105,000, bisa ga zane-zanen kamfanin tare da SEC kuma kamfanin da kansa ya ba da rahoton rage girman ayyuka mafi girma na 16,350 a Amurka. A takaice dai, a cikin shekaru shida na ƙarshe Lockheed ya rage yawan ma'aikatarsa ​​na Amurka, kamar yadda ya ɗauki ƙarin ma'aikata a ƙasashen waje da karɓar ƙarin dala haraji.

Don haka ina duk waɗannan ƙarin masu biyan haraji da gaske suke tafiya, idan ba aikin samar da aiki ba? Kusan wani bangare na amsar shine riba dan kwangila da kuma albashin Shugaba. A cikin waɗannan shekaru shida, farashin hannun jari na Lockheed ya tashi daga $ 82 a farkon 2012 zuwa $ 305 a ƙarshen 2018, kusan ƙaruwa huɗu. A 2018, kamfanin ya kuma ba da rahoton karuwar kashi 9 cikin 590 (dala miliyan 1.4) a cikin ribar da ya samu, mafi kyau a cikin masana'antar. Kuma a cikin wadannan shekarun, albashin Shugabanta ya karu da dala miliyan XNUMX, kuma kamar yadda ya ce SEC tacewa.

A takaice, tun daga shekarar 2012 adadin dala masu biyan haraji da ke zuwa Lockheed ya fadada da biliyoyin, darajar hannayen jarin ta ta kusan ninka, kuma albashin Shugabanta ya haura da kashi 32, duk da cewa ta yanke kashi 14 na ma'aikatan Amurka. Duk da haka Lockheed ya ci gaba da amfani da ƙirƙirar aiki, da kuma ayyukanta na yanzu na ma'aikatansu, a matsayin 'yan siyasa don samun ƙarin kuɗin masu biyan haraji. Shugaban da kansa ya sayo a cikin dabara a cikin tserensa don sanya ƙarin kuɗi zuwa Pentagon da inganta yarjejeniyar makamai zuwa ƙasashe kamar Saudi Arabia, har ma a kan kusan haɗin hauka na Majalisar otherwiseabi'a ta dabam.

LOCKHEED NE DA arewa maso gabas, BA SAURARA

Duk da kasancewar wannan ƙasar da duniya Manyan makamai, Lockheed ba banda bane amma na al'ada. Daga 2012 zuwa 2018, yawan marasa aikin yi a Amurka plummeted daga kusan kashi 8 bisa dari zuwa kashi 4, tare da fiye da miliyoyin 13 sabon ayyukan da aka ƙara ga tattalin arzikin. Amma duk da haka, a wadancan shekarun, uku daga cikin manyan kwantiragin tsaro biyar sun katse ayyukan yi. A cikin 2018, Pentagon ya aikata kusan $ 118 biliyan a kudi na tarayya ga kamfanonin, gami da Lockheed –Ya kusan rabin kuɗin da yake kashe wa ’yan kwangila. Wannan kusan dala biliyan 12 sama da wanda suka karɓa a ciki 2012. Amma duk da haka, a haɗe, waɗancan kamfanonin sun rasa ayyuka kuma yanzu suna ɗaukar adadin ƙarancin 6,900 kaɗan fiye da yadda suke yi a 2012, bisa ga SEC ɗin su tacewa.

Baya ga ragi a Lockheed, Boeing ya katse ayyukan 21,400 da Raytheon ya yanke ma'aikatan 800 daga albashinsa. Kawai General Dynamics da Northrop Grumman sun kara ayyuka-13,400 da ma'aikatan 16,900, bi da bi - sa wannan adadi ya zama mafi kyau. Koyaya, koda wadancan 'nasarorin' basa iya cancanci a matsayin samarda aikin ta hanyar da ta dace, tunda sun sami kusan daga gaskiyar cewa kowanne kamfanin ya sayi wani dan kwangilar Pentagon kuma ya kara ma'aikatan sa a nasu kason. CSRA, wanda Janar Dynamics ya samu a 2018, yana da 18,500ma'aikata kafin haɗewar, yayin da Orbital ATK, wanda Janar Dynamics ya samu a bara, yana da 13,900ma'aikata. Rage waɗannan ayyukan 32,400 daga ƙungiyar kamfanoni da asarar aiki a kamfanonin sun zama masu wahala.

Bugu da kari, wadancan adadi na aikin sun hada da dukkan ma'aikatan kamfanin, har ma wadanda suke aiki yanzu haka a wajen Amurka. Lockheed shine kawai daya daga cikin manyan 'yan kwangilar Pentagon guda biyar da suke bayar da bayanai game da adadin ma'aikatanta a Amurka, don haka idan sauran kamfanonin suke jigilar ayyukan ketare, kamar yadda Lockheed yayi kuma kamar yadda Raytheon yake shirin yi, fiye da 6,900 cikakken lokaci na ayyukan Amurka sun ɓace a cikin shekaru shida na ƙarshe.

A ina ne duk waɗannan ayyukan samar da aikin ƙirƙirar suke tafiya da gaske? Kamar yadda yake a Lockheed, aƙalla rabin amsar ita ce kuɗin ya koma ƙasa zuwa ga manyan zartarwa. A cewar wani Rahoton daga PricewaterhouseCoopers, wani kamfanin ba da shawara da ke ba da nazarin shekara-shekara na masana'antar tsaro, "bangaren sararin samaniya da na tsaro (A&D) sun sami riba mai tsoka da riba a cikin 2018" tare da "ribar aiki na dala biliyan 81, ya zarce na baya da aka kafa a shekarar 2017." A cewar rahoton, 'yan kwangilar Pentagon sune kan gaba a cikin wadannan ribar da aka samu. Misali, ci gaban ribar Lockheed ya kai dala miliyan 590, sannan Janar Dynamics ya bi shi a hankali dala miliyan 562. Kamar yadda aikin yi ya ragu, albashin Shugaba a wasu daga cikin waɗannan kamfanonin ya haɓaka kawai. Baya ga diyya ga Shugaban Kamfanin Lockheed yana tsalle daga $ 4.2 miliyan a cikin 2012 zuwa $ 5.6 miliyan a cikin 2018, biyan diyya ga Shugaba na General Dynamics ya karu daga $ 6.9 miliyan a cikin 2012 zuwa wayewa $ 20.7 miliyan a 2018.

CIKIN SAUKI MATA MATA UKU

Wannan ba shi ne karo na farko ba da wadannan kamfanoni ke kara karfin ikon kirkirar ayyukan yi yayin yankan su. Kamar yadda Ben Freeman ya gabata rubuce don Gudanar da Kula da Gwamnati, waɗannan kamfanonin guda ɗaya sun yanke kusan kashi 10 cikin ɗari na ma'aikata a cikin shekaru shida kafin BCA ta fara aiki, duk da cewa dala masu biyan haraji da ke kan hanyarsu a shekara sun tashi da kusan kashi 25 daga dala biliyan 91 zuwa dala biliyan 113.

Kamar dai yadda ake haka, yan kwangilar da masu tallafawa - kuma da yawa daga cikinsu, aka basu cewa kayan samar da makaman suna kashe sama da $ 100 miliyan lobbying kowace shekara, ba da gudummawar miliyoyin daloli ga kamfen ɗin membobin Congress kowane lokacin zaɓe, kuma ka ba miliyoyi ga tunani tankuna a kowace shekara — za su ruga don kare irin wannan asarar da aka samu. Alal misali, za su lura cewa kashe kuɗaɗen tsaro yana haifar da haɓaka aiki a tsakanin contan kwastomomin da manyan kamfanonin makamai. Duk da haka bincike yana da akai-akai nuna wancan, koda tare da wannan da ake tsammani "sakamako mai yawa," kashe kudade na tsaro yana samar da ayyuka kaɗan fiye da komai game da duk abin da gwamnati ke sanya kuɗinmu. A gaskiya ma, kusan kashi 50 ne KadanYana da tasiri wajen ƙirƙirar ayyuka fiye da idan an ba masu biyan haraji damar kiyaye kuɗi da amfani da shi yadda suke so.

Kamar yadda Farashin Yakin Jami'ar Brown ya ke ruwaito, "$ 1 biliyan a cikin kashe kudaden soja yana haifar da kusan ayyukan 11,200, idan aka kwatanta da 26,700 a cikin ilimi, 16,800 a cikin tsabtataccen makamashi, da 17,200 a cikin harkokin kiwon lafiya." Haɓaka aikin soja a zahiri ya zama mafi munin aikin kirkirar kowane zaɓi na Gwamnatin Tarayya wanda waɗanda masu binciken suka bincika . Hakazalika, a cewar wani Rahoton ta Heidi Garrett-Peltier na Cibiyar Nazarin Nazarin Tattalin Arziki Siyasa a Jami'ar Massachusetts, Amherst, ga kowane $ 1 miliyan na kashewa akan tsaro, an kirkiro ayyukan 6.9 duka kai tsaye a cikin masana'antar tsaro da cikin sarkar wadata. Yana ciyarwa iri ɗaya a cikin filayen iska ko ƙarfin hasken rana, ta lura, tana kaiwa ga ayyukan 8.4 ko 9.5, bi da bi. Amma ga bangaren ilimi, daidai wannan adadin kudi ne aka samar da ayyukan 19.2 a makarantun firamare da sakandare da kuma ayyukan 11.2 a cikin manyan ilimi. A takaice dai, ba wai kawai samar da makamashi mai karfi ba ne da kuma ilimi mai mahimmanci ga makomar kasar, su ma injuna ne na kirkirar ayyuka. Duk da haka, gwamnati tana ba da mafi yawan haraji na haraji ga masana'antar tsaro fiye da duk waɗannan ayyukan gwamnati a hade.

Ba lallai ba ne, ku juya ga masu sukar kashe kudin tsaro don kai karar. Rahotanni daga ƙungiyar cinikayya na masana'antar sun nuna cewa yana zubar da ayyukan yi. A cewar wata Kungiyar Masana'antu ta Kasa analysis, yana tallafawa kusan ayyukan 300,000 kaɗan a cikin 2018 fiye da yadda yake da ruwaito tallafawa shekaru uku da suka gabata.

Idan har manyan jami'in tsaro na kasa da masana'antu gaba daya sun daina ayyukan yi, ta yaya suka sami damar aiwatar da akidar tatsuniyar cewa su injunan samar da aikin yi ne? Don bayyana wannan, ƙara wa sojojinsu masu fafutukar neman ra'ayoyin jama'a, tarin taskokin tasu gudummuwar, da waɗanda ke tunanin tankokin, ɗaukar kofa ta jujjuyawa wacce ke tura jami’an gwamnati da suka yi ritaya zuwa cikin duniyar masu kera makaman da waɗanda ke yi musu aiki zuwa Washington.

Duk da yake akwai kyakyawar alaƙar dangantaka tsakanin Pentagon da masana'antar tsaro, saɓani tsakanin contractan kwangilar da gwamnati ta ba da haske sosai a cikin shekarun Trump. Mark Esper, sabon sakataren tsaro na minintiri, alal misali, a baya ya yi aiki a matsayin Raytheon's babban jami'i a Washington. Spinning ta wata hanyar, shugaban kungiyar riesungiyar Masana'antu ta Aerospace, Eric Fanning, ya kasance Sakatare Janar na Soja kuma mukaddashin sakatare na Sojan Sama. A zahiri, tun 2008, kamar yadda Project on the Oversight's’s Mandy Smithberger samu, "Aƙalla manyan jami'an Ma'aikatan Tsaro na 380 da jami'an soji sun sauya zuwa sashen kamfanoni masu zaman kansu don su zama 'yan lobbyists, membobin kwamitin, zartarwa, ko masu ba da shawara ga' yan kwangila na tsaro."

Duk abin da aka yi, ko ta waccan ƙofa mai tayar da zaune tsaye ko kuma ta masana’antar tsaron masana’antu, asirin ƙasa ba zai iya zama mai haske ba: Idan samar da aiki ya zama gwargwadon abin da ka zaɓa, 'yan kwangilar Pentagon ba su da kyau ga masu biyan haraji. Don haka duk lokacin da Marillyn Hewson ko wani Shugaba a fagen masana'antar sojan-masana'antu da ke da'awar cewa kashe karin dala masu biyan haraji kan 'yan kwangila na tsaro zai ba wa Amurkawa ayyukan yi, kawai sai a tuna da yadda ake binsu har zuwa yanzu: Har yanzu dalar Amurka da aka sanya hannun jari na nufin karancin Amurkawa da ke aiki.

Nia Harris ne Mataimakin Bincike a Cibiyar siyasa ta Kasa.

Cassandra Stimpson ne Mataimakin Bincike a Cibiyar siyasa ta Kasa.

Ben Freeman shi ne darektan Cibiyar Bayar da Tasirin Kasashen Waje a Cibiyar Manufofin Kasa da Kasa (CIP)