"Yaƙin Vietnam" - Takaddama Ko Almara Na Almara?

daga Moon Alabama, Satumba 20, 2017.

Arte TV a jiya ta nuna sassan farko na War ta Vietnam by Ken Burns da Lynn Novick. Har ila yau yana gudanar on PBS.

Bangarori uku na farko na kashi goma na "shirin gaskiya" sune farar fata na dalilan 'yan siyasan da suka siyar da yakin ga jama'a. Ba a binciken dabarun “zurfin jihar” CIA da sojoji a bayansu amma an rufe su.

Sharhi a cikin farkon labarin ya bayyana cewa yaƙin “yakin basasa” ne na Vietnamese akan Vietnam. Wancan zancen ahistoric ne. Bayan kayen da (Amurka ta tallafawa) 'yan mulkin mallaka na Faransa a 1954, jagoran Vietnam-minh Ho Chi Min ya kasance jarumin da ba a san takamaimansa ba na Vietnam. Da ma ya ci kowane irin zabe. Amma Rasha (da Sinawa) masu goyon bayan yakin kwatar 'yanci da Faransawa ba sa son yin tafiya ta karshe kuma sun dage kan tattaunawa a Geneva. Sun yarda a raba kasar. Zai zama da ban sha'awa sanin dalilin hakan.

“Takaddun” ya sa a yi kamar mai mulkin kudu-Vietnam Ngo Dinh Diem ya fito daga sama maimakon CIA ta girka shi. Ya sanya shi cikin matsayinsa. Ya taimaka wajen shirya "zaɓen" wanda ya ba shi dariya 98.2% na ƙuri'un. Ya biya masa kuɗi. Wannan labarin yana da tsohuwar masarautar mulkin mallaka Leslie Gelb, wanda ya kasance daga cikin zurfin jihar da ta haifar da yakin, tana mai cewa "mun aikata abin da Diem ya fada". Wannan maganar banza ce. Diem ya kasance mai mulkin kama karya amma ba zai rayu ba kwana ɗaya ba tare da goyon bayan Amurka da kariya ba.

Kashi na biyu girmamawa ce da ba a cancanta ta ba ga Kennedy da ma’aikatansa “masu haske”. McNamara yana da yabo sosai. Amma hankalinsa na wake-counter bai da ikon yanke hukunci kan halaye da dalilai na ɗan adam. Hakan yana da mummunan sakamako. An nuna yaƙin a matsayin yaƙi don “'yanci” da kuma “kwaminisanci”. Waɗannan su ne wuraren sayar da Kennedy amma ba su da alaƙa da abin da ya faru. Kennedy, kamar Johnson bayan shi, galibin al'amuran siyasar cikin gida ne ke motsa shi. Ya so cimma wasu manufofin gida. Hukuncinsa na Vietnam ya zama rufi ne kawai game da harin da aka kai masa saboda "rauni".

Sashe na uku yana wanke farin Gulf of Tonkin. Anyi magana me kyau game da ainihin abin da ya faru, amma sai yayi magana game da sake nunawa na Amurka ”. “Harin bazata” na sojojin Vietnam a kan jiragen ruwan Amurka ƙage ne. Majalissar '' Tonkin ƙuduri '' wanda ya haɓaka yakin ya kasance ma'aikatan Johnson ne suka shirya shi wata biyu kafin “abin da ya faru” ya faru. An saita wasan kwaikwayon "Tonkin" don matsawa ta ciki. Babban mahimmancin haɓaka shi ne don sake zaɓen Johnson. Kamar Kennedy ya san cewa an yi yaƙin ne da ƙungiyar 'yanci ta ƙasa kuma ba za a iya cin nasara ba. Amma "amsar da ya ba" game da "abin da ya faru" ya ba shi ƙarfi. Ya yi nasara a babban zaben.

Gaba ɗaya ina masanan basu ji dadin ta jerin. An yi wasan kwaikwayo sosai, amma ba ta da zurfin tarihi. Babu bincike game da dalilai masu zurfi don yanke shawara siyasa a cikin gwamnatin Amurka. Maimakon haka muna samun maimaitawar labaran kasuwancin da aka yi amfani da su don sayar da yanke shawara. Sojoji da CIA makirce-makircen, da kuma kasuwancin miyagun ƙwayoyi a Vietnam wanda ya gaji daga Faransanci, an rasa su. Dalilin da kuma hanyoyin da aka tsara na Viet Nam suna da ƙananan murfin, kamar yadda rayuwar jama'a ke gudana a Vietnam a lokacin yakin.

Bugu da ƙari babu wani tsokaci kwata-kwata game da dalili da tunanin ƙasashen da suka goyi bayan Vietnam-minh. Rokunan Soviet da na China a buɗe suke. Amma ba a faɗi komai game da sha'awar su da yawan albarkatun da suka sa a cikin yaƙin ba. Ainihin shirin gaskiya game da yakin zai hada da ra'ayoyinsu. Taken "Anti-kwaminisanci" da "ka'idar domino" sun kasance kuma ana amfani dasu don siyar da yakin ga jama'ar Amurka. Shin tattaunawar da aka yi a Mosko da Beijing za ta saɓa musu?

Wasu mawuyacin murya akan jerin:

Jeff Stein a Newsweek: Vietnam War: New Ken Burns Documentary Ya ƙaddamar da asalin na gaba, Cutar rikici

Burns yayi ƙoƙari don bawa kowa ƙarfi, ra'ayi mabanbanta daidai yake, amma ba da daɗewa ba, ya yi ɗamara sosai a cikin wani babban laka mai tarihi, yana yawo tsakanin ra'ayoyi masu gasa waɗanda ke ɓoye tushen yaƙi war

Thomas A Bass a Mekong Review: Amnesia na Amurka

Ta Kashi na Biyu, "Hawa Tiger" (1961-1963), muna tafiya zuwa zurfin yankin Burns. An tsara yakin a matsayin yakin basasa, tare da Amurka na kare zababbiyar gwamnatin dimokiradiyya a kudanci kan 'yan kwaminisanci da suka mamaye arewa. 'Ya'yan samari na Amurka suna fada ne da wani makiyi mara tsoron Allah wanda Burns ya nuna a matsayin jan ruwan da ke tafiya a duk taswirar Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da sauran kasashen duniya. Hotunan tarihi a cikin Sashi na Daya, "Deja Vu" (1858-1961), wanda ke jayayya da wannan ra'ayi na yaƙi, ko dai ba a kula ko fahimtarsa. …

David Thomson a London Review of Books: Kawai wani Empire

Idan fim din alama ce ta fannin jita-jita, to saboda yana da ƙananan sha'awar gaskiyar tarihi fiye da yadda yake kusa da wasu gaskiyar game da rayuwa da mutuwa.
...
Burns da Novick sun bayyana karara cewa duk da tsananin adawa ga yakin, kuma ba wai kawai tsakanin matasa ba, fifikon Amurkawa sun ce sun yi imani da shi. Sun tallafawa Guardungiyar Tsaro ta forasa ta Ohio don harbi kan ɗalibai a Jihar Kent. Nixon ya karɓi yardarsu ta rashin ƙarfi tare da jumlarsa 'mafi yawan shiru'. … [Ba na barin shakku sosai cewa juyin juya halin al'adu na 1960s - 'rivulets' na Merrill McPeak - 'yanci ne ga' yan tsiraru kuma wanda ya bar wata cuwa-cuwa a Amurka har yanzu yana nan karara a fili a zaben 2016.

An aika ta bn 20 a cikin Satumba, 2017 a 08: 44 AM | Permalink