By David Swanson, World BEYOND War, Janairu 26, 2023
An shirya don Taron kasa da kasa na biyar don daidaita ma'aunin duniya
Zana littafin da aka buga kwanan nan, The Monroe Doctrine a 200 da Abin da za a maye gurbinsa da shi
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Koyarwar Monroe ta kasance kuma hujja ce ga ayyuka, wasu masu kyau, wasu ba ruwansu, amma babban abin zargi. The Monroe Doctrine ya kasance a wurin, duka a bayyane kuma an yi ado cikin sabon harshe. An gina ƙarin koyaswa akan tushensa. Ga kalmomin Monroe Doctrine, kamar yadda aka zaɓa a hankali daga Shugaba James Monroe's State of the Union Address 200 shekaru da suka wuce a kan Disamba 2, 1823:
"An yi la'akari da lokacin da ya dace don tabbatarwa, a matsayin ka'idar da hakki da muradun Amurka ke ciki, cewa nahiyoyi na Amurka, ta hanyar 'yanci da yanayin 'yancin kai wanda suka dauka kuma suka kiyaye, ba za a yi la'akari da su ba. a matsayin batutuwa don mulkin mallaka na gaba daga kowane iko na Turai. . . .
"Saboda haka, muna bin sa ga gaskiya da kuma kyakkyawar alakar da ke tsakanin Amurka da masu iko wajen bayyana cewa ya kamata mu dauki duk wani yunkuri na su na fadada tsarinsu zuwa kowane bangare na wannan yanki a matsayin mai hadari ga zaman lafiya da amincinmu. . Tare da mulkin mallaka ko abin dogaro na kowane ikon Turai, ba mu tsoma baki ba kuma ba za mu tsoma baki ba. Amma tare da gwamnatocin da suka ayyana 'yancin kansu da kuma kiyaye ta, kuma muna da 'yancin kai, bisa la'akari da ka'idoji na adalci, ba za mu iya kallon duk wani shiga tsakani da nufin zalunta su ba, ko sarrafa ta wata hanya ta daban-daban makomarsu. , ta kowace ƙasa ta Turai ta kowace irin haske ban da bayyanar rashin son kai ga Amurka.”
Waɗannan su ne kalmomin da aka yiwa lakabi da "Doctrine Monroe." An dauke su daga wani jawabi da ya ce da yawa na goyon bayan tattaunawar zaman lafiya da gwamnatocin kasashen Turai, yayin da suke murna kamar yadda ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba, da cin zarafi da mamaye abin da jawabin ya kira "kasashen da ba a zaune" na Arewacin Amirka. Babu ɗayan waɗannan batutuwan da suka kasance sababbi. Wani sabon abu shi ne ra'ayin adawa da ci gaba da mulkin mallaka na Amurka da Turawa suka yi a kan bambance-bambance tsakanin mummunan shugabanci na kasashen Turai da kyakkyawan shugabanci na nahiyoyi na Amurka. Wannan jawabi, ko da yake ta yi ta yin amfani da kalmar “duniya mai wayewa” don yin nuni ga Turai da kuma abubuwan da Turai ta ƙirƙira, ya kuma nuna bambanci tsakanin irin gwamnatocin da ke nahiyar Amirka da kuma irin waɗanda ba a so a ƙalla wasu ƙasashen Turai. Ana iya samun magabatan yakin demokradiyya da aka yi kwanan nan a kan mulkin kama karya.
The Doctrine of Discovery - ra'ayin cewa wata al'ummar Turai za ta iya da'awar duk wata ƙasa da wasu ƙasashen Turai ba su da'awar ba tukuna, ba tare da la'akari da abin da mutane suka rigaya suke zaune a can ba - ya samo asali ne a karni na sha biyar da cocin Katolika. Amma an sanya shi cikin dokar Amurka a cikin 1823, a daidai shekarar da Monroe ya yi magana mai ban tsoro. Abokin rayuwar Monroe, babban alkalin kotun kolin Amurka John Marshall ne ya ajiye shi. Amurka ta dauki kanta, watakila ita kadai a wajen Turai, tana da gata iri daya da kasashen Turai. (Wataƙila kwatsam, a cikin Disamba 2022 kusan kowace al'umma a duniya ta rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar ware kashi 30% na ƙasa da tekun Duniya don namun daji nan da shekara ta 2030. Banda: Amurka da Vatican.)
A cikin tarukan majalisar ministocin da suka kai ga Monroe ta 1823 State of the Union, an yi tattaunawa da yawa game da ƙara Cuba da Texas zuwa Amurka. An yi imani da cewa waɗannan wuraren za su so shiga. Wannan ya yi dai-dai da al’adar da wadannan ‘yan majalisar ministocin suka saba yi na tattauna batun fadadawa, ba wai a matsayin mulkin mallaka ko mulkin mallaka ba, a’a a matsayin cin gashin kai na ‘yan mulkin mallaka. Ta hanyar adawa da mulkin mallaka na Turai, da kuma yarda cewa duk wanda ke da 'yancin zaɓi zai zaɓi ya zama wani ɓangare na Amurka, waɗannan mutanen sun iya fahimtar mulkin mallaka a matsayin anti-imperialism.
Muna da a cikin jawabin Monroe wani ƙayyadaddun ra'ayin cewa "kare" na Amurka ya haɗa da kare abubuwan da ke da nisa daga Amurka wanda gwamnatin Amurka ta ayyana wani muhimmin "sha'awa" a ciki. Wannan aikin yana ci gaba a bayyane, a al'ada, kuma cikin girmamawa ga wannan. rana. "Tsarin Tsaron Kasa na Amurka na 2022," don ɗaukar misali guda na dubbai, yana nufin kare "muradin Amurka" da "daraja", waɗanda aka bayyana a matsayin waɗanda suke a ƙasashen waje kuma gami da ƙasashe ƙawance, kuma sun bambanta da Amurka. Jihohi ko "ƙasar mahaifa." Wannan ba sabon abu bane tare da Rukunan Monroe. Idan da haka ne, shugaba Monroe ba zai iya bayyana a cikin irin wannan jawabin ba cewa, "An kiyaye karfin da aka saba yi a tekun Bahar Rum, da Tekun Pasifik, da kuma gabar Tekun Atlantika, kuma ya ba da kariya da ya dace ga kasuwancinmu a wadannan tekuna. .” Monroe, wanda ya sayi siyan Louisiana daga Napoleon ga Shugaba Thomas Jefferson, daga baya ya faɗaɗa iƙirarin Amurka zuwa yamma zuwa Pacific kuma a cikin jumla ta farko ta Monroe Doctrine tana adawa da mulkin mallaka na Rasha a wani yanki na Arewacin Amurka nesa da iyakar yamma. Missouri ko Illinois. Al'adar kula da duk wani abu da aka sanya a ƙarƙashin taken "sha'awa" a matsayin hujjar yaƙi ya ƙarfafa ta Rukunan Monroe kuma daga baya ta hanyar koyaswar da ayyukan da aka gina a kan tushe.
Har ila yau, muna da, a cikin yaren da ke kewaye da Rukunan, ma'anar a matsayin barazana ga "muradi" na Amurka na yiwuwar cewa "masu iko ya kamata su mika tsarin siyasar su zuwa kowane yanki na ko dai [Amurka] nahiyar." Ƙungiyoyin ƙawance, Holy Alliance, ko Grand Alliance, ƙawance ne na gwamnatocin masarautu a Prussia, Ostiriya, da Rasha, waɗanda suka tsaya tsayin daka ga haƙƙin allahntaka na sarakuna, kuma suna adawa da mulkin demokraɗiyya da mulkin mallaka. Kawo makamai zuwa Ukraine da takunkumin da aka kakaba wa Rasha a shekarar 2022, da sunan kare dimokuradiyya daga mulkin kama-karya na Rasha, wani bangare ne na dogon lokaci kuma galibin al'adar da ba ta karye ba tun daga ka'idar Monroe. Cewa Ukraine ba za ta kasance da yawa na dimokuradiyya ba, kuma gwamnatin Amurka makamai, jiragen kasa, da kuma ba da kudade ga sojojin mafi yawan gwamnatocin zalunci a duniya sun yi daidai da munafunci na baya na magana da aiki. Bautar Amurka ta zamanin Monroe ta kasance mafi ƙarancin dimokuradiyya fiye da Amurka ta yau. Gwamnonin ƴan asalin ƙasar Amirka waɗanda ba a ambata ba a cikin kalaman Monroe, amma waɗanda za su iya sa ran za a lalata su ta hanyar faɗaɗa ƙasashen Yamma (wasu gwamnatocin sun kasance abin ƙarfafawa ga ƙirƙirar gwamnatin Amurka kamar yadda ake da wani abu a Turai), galibi sun fi yawa. Dimokuradiyya fiye da al'ummomin Latin Amurka Monroe yana ikirarin kare amma wanda gwamnatin Amurka sau da yawa za ta yi akasin karewa.
Waɗancan jigilar makaman zuwa Ukraine, takunkumin da aka kakaba wa Rasha, da sojojin Amurka da ke da tushe a ko'ina cikin Turai, a lokaci guda, cin zarafin al'adar da ke goyan bayan jawabin Monroe na ficewa daga yaƙe-yaƙe na Turai ko da, kamar yadda Monroe ya ce, Spain “ba za ta taɓa yin nasara ba. ” dakaru masu adawa da demokradiyya na wannan rana. Wannan al'ada ta ware, mai dogon tasiri da nasara, kuma har yanzu ba a kawar da ita ba, shigar da Amurka ta yi a yakin duniya na biyu na farko, tun daga lokacin sansanonin sojan Amurka, da kuma fahimtar gwamnatin Amurka game da "muradi," ba su taba barin ba. Turai. Amma duk da haka a cikin 2000, Patrick Buchanan ya tsaya takarar shugaban Amurka a kan wani dandamali na tallafawa buƙatun Monroe Doctrine na warewa da guje wa yaƙe-yaƙe na ƙasashen waje.
The Monroe Doctrine kuma ya ci gaba da ra'ayin, har yanzu yana da rai a yau, cewa shugaban Amurka, maimakon Majalisar Dokokin Amurka, zai iya ƙayyade inda kuma game da abin da Amurka za ta yi yaki - kuma ba kawai wani yaki na gaggawa ba, amma kowane lamba. na gaba yaƙe-yaƙe. Rukunan Monroe, a zahiri, misali ne na farko na dukkan manufar "izni don amfani da karfin soji" kafin amincewa da kowane adadin yaƙe-yaƙe, da kuma abin da kafofin watsa labaru na Amurka suka fi so a yau na "zana layin ja. .” Yayin da tashe-tashen hankula ke kara ta'azzara tsakanin Amurka da kowace kasa, ya zama ruwan dare shekaru da yawa kafafen yada labaran Amurka su nace cewa shugaban na Amurka ya “jata layukan da ya dace” ya sa Amurka ta yi yaki, wanda hakan ya saba wa yarjejeniyoyin da suka haramtawa kawai. Warmaking, kuma ba kawai na ra'ayin da aka bayyana sosai a cikin wannan jawabin da ya ƙunshi Monroe Doctrine cewa ya kamata mutane su yanke shawarar tsarin gwamnati, amma kuma na kundin tsarin mulki na ikon yaki a kan Congress. Misalai na buƙatu da dagewa kan bi ta kan “layi ja” a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na Amurka sun haɗa da ra'ayoyin waɗanda:
- Shugaba Barack Obama zai kaddamar da wani babban yaki a Syria idan Syria ta yi amfani da makami mai guba.
- Shugaba Donald Trump zai kai wa Iran hari idan wakilan Iran suka kai hari kan muradun Amurka.
- Shugaba Biden zai kai wa Rasha hari kai tsaye tare da sojojin Amurka idan Rasha ta kai hari kan wata kungiyar tsaro ta NATO.
Wata al'adar da ba ta da kyau da ta fara da koyarwar Monroe ita ce ta tallafawa dimokuradiyyar Latin Amurka. Wannan ita ce shahararriyar al'adar da ta yayyafa sararin samaniyar Amurka tare da abubuwan tarihi na Simón Bolívar, wani mutum da aka taɓa ɗaukarsa a Amurka a matsayin gwarzon juyin juya hali a kan abin koyi na George Washington duk da cewa ana nuna kyama ga baƙi da Katolika. Cewa wannan al'ada ba ta da kyau ya sanya shi a hankali. Babu wani babban abokin hamayyar dimokuradiyyar Latin Amurka fiye da gwamnatin Amurka, tare da kamfanoni masu haɗin gwiwa na Amurka da masu cin nasara da aka sani da suna filibusterers. Haka nan babu wani babban mai makami ko mai goyon bayan azzalumai a duniya a yau kamar gwamnatin Amurka da dillalan makaman Amurka. Babban abin da ke haifar da wannan yanayin shine Rukunan Monroe. Duk da yake al'adar nuna girmamawa da nuna girmamawa ga matakai zuwa dimokuradiyya a Latin Amurka ba ta taɓa mutuwa gaba ɗaya a Arewacin Amurka ba, sau da yawa ya haɗa da tsayayya da ayyukan gwamnatin Amurka. Latin Amurka, da Turawa suka yi wa mulkin mallaka, Amurka ta sake yin mulkin mallaka a cikin wata daula ta daban.
A cikin 2019, Shugaba Donald Trump ya ba da sanarwar Monroe Doctrine da rai da lafiya, yana mai cewa "Manufar kasarmu ce ta yau da kullun tun lokacin da Shugaba Monroe ya yi watsi da tsoma bakin kasashen waje a wannan duniyar." Yayin da Trump ke shugaban kasa, sakatarorin harkokin waje guda biyu, da sakataren abin da ake kira tsaro daya, da kuma mai ba da shawara kan harkokin tsaron kasa daya sun yi magana a bainar jama'a don nuna goyon bayansu ga koyarwar Monroe. Mai ba da shawara kan harkokin tsaro John Bolton ya ce Amurka za ta iya tsoma baki a Venezuela, Cuba, da Nicaragua saboda suna cikin Yammacin Duniya: "A cikin wannan gwamnatin, ba ma jin tsoron yin amfani da kalmar Monroe Doctrine." Abin mamaki, CNN ta tambayi Bolton game da munafuncin goyon bayan masu mulkin kama karya a duniya sannan kuma suna neman hambarar da gwamnati saboda wai mulkin kama-karya ne. A ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2021, Fox News ta yi jayayya da sake farfado da koyarwar Monroe don "kawo 'yanci ga jama'ar Cuba" ta hanyar hambarar da gwamnatin Cuba ba tare da Rasha ko China sun iya ba Cuba wani taimako ba.
Nassoshi na Mutanen Espanya a cikin labarai na baya-bayan nan game da "Doctrina Monroe" ba su da kyau a duk duniya, suna adawa da sanya takunkumin Amurka na kasuwanci na kamfanoni, yunƙurin Amurka na ware wasu ƙasashe daga taron kolin Amurka, da goyon bayan Amurka ga yunƙurin juyin mulki, tare da goyan bayan yuwuwar raguwa a Amurka. hegemony a kan Latin Amurka, da kuma bikin, da bambanci da Monroe Doctrine, da "doctrina bolivariana."
Kalmar Portuguese "Doutrina Monroe" ana amfani da ita akai-akai, don yin hukunci ta labaran labarai na Google. Taken wakilin shine: "'Doutrina Monroe', Basta!"
Amma shari'ar cewa koyarwar Monroe ba ta mutu ba ya wuce fiye da yin amfani da sunanta a sarari. A cikin 2020, Shugaban Bolivia Evo Morales ya yi ikirarin cewa Amurka ta shirya wani yunkurin juyin mulki a Bolivia domin oligarch na Amurka Elon Musk ya sami lithium. Nan da nan Musk ya wallafa a shafinsa na twitter: “Za mu yi juyin mulki duk wanda muke so! Ku yi maganinsa.” Wannan shine koyaswar Monroe da aka fassara zuwa harshen zamani, kamar Sabon Littafi Mai Tsarki na Duniya na manufofin Amurka, wanda allolin tarihi suka rubuta amma Elon Musk ya fassara don mai karatu na zamani.
Amurka tana da sojoji da sansanoni a cikin ƙasashen Latin Amurka da yawa kuma suna yin ƙara a duniya. Har yanzu gwamnatin Amurka na ci gaba da yin juyin mulki a Latin Amurka, amma kuma ta tsaya tsayin daka yayin da ake zaben gwamnatocin masu ra'ayin rikau. Duk da haka, an yi iƙirarin cewa Amurka ba ta sake buƙatar shugabanni a cikin ƙasashen Latin Amurka don cimma "bukatunta" lokacin da ta haɗu da makamai da horar da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƴan kasuwa kamar CAFTA (Yarjejeniyar Ciniki Kyauta ta Amurka ta Tsakiya) a cikin wurin, ya bai wa kamfanonin Amurka ikon doka don ƙirƙirar nasu dokokin a cikin yankunansu a cikin ƙasashe kamar Honduras, suna da basusuka masu yawa da ke bin cibiyoyinta, suna ba da agajin da ake buƙata tare da zaɓin igiyoyinsu, kuma suna da sojoji a wurin tare da hujja. kamar cinikin miyagun ƙwayoyi na tsawon lokaci wanda wani lokaci ana yarda da su azaman kawai makawa. Duk wannan shine koyarwar Monroe, ko mun daina faɗin waɗannan kalmomi biyu ko a'a.
Sau da yawa ana koyar da mu cewa ba a yi amfani da koyarwar Monroe ba har sai shekaru da yawa bayan an bayyana ta, ko kuma ba a yi aiki da ita a matsayin lasisin mulkin mallaka ba har sai an canza shi ko sake fassara ta daga tsararraki masu zuwa. Wannan ba karya ba ne, amma an wuce gona da iri. Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa aka yi la'akari da shi shine dalilin da ake koya mana a wasu lokuta cewa mulkin mallaka na Amurka bai fara ba har sai 1898, kuma dalilin da ya sa yakin Vietnam, da kuma yakin Afghanistan, ake kira " yakin Amurka mafi dadewa.” Dalili kuwa shi ne har yanzu ba a kula da ’yan asalin ƙasar Amirka kamar su kuma sun kasance mutane na gaske, tare da ƙasashe na gaske, tare da yaƙe-yaƙe da ake yi da su yaƙe-yaƙe ne na gaske. Yankin Arewacin Amurka wanda ya ƙare a Amurka ana ɗaukarsa azaman wanda aka samu ta hanyar faɗaɗawar daular ba ta daular ba, ko ma kamar ba ta da hannu a faɗaɗawa kwata-kwata, duk da cewa nasarar da aka yi na da mutuƙar mutuƙar mutuƙar mutuƙar mutuƙar kisa, kuma duk da cewa wasu daga cikin waɗanda ke baya. wannan katafaren fadada daular ya yi nufinsa ya haɗa da Kanada, Mexiko, Caribbean, da Amurka ta Tsakiya. Cin nasara da yawa (amma ba duka) na Arewacin Amurka shine aiwatar da koyarwar Monroe mafi ban mamaki ba, koda kuwa da wuya ana tunanin yana da alaƙa da ita kwata-kwata. Jumla ta farko ta Rukunan kanta tana adawa da mulkin mallaka na Rasha a Arewacin Amurka. Yakin da Amurka ta yi na (yawancin) Arewacin Amurka, yayin da ake yin ta, yawanci ana samun barata a matsayin adawa ga mulkin mallaka na Turai.
Yawancin yabo ko zargi don rubuta Doctrine Monroe ana ba da Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Shugaba James Monroe John Quincy Adams. Amma da kyar babu wani keɓaɓɓen fasaha na keɓaɓɓiyar magana. Tambayar wace manufar da za a bayyana ta Adams, Monroe, da sauransu sun yi muhawara, tare da yanke shawara mai mahimmanci, da kuma zaɓin Adams don zama sakataren gwamnati, ya fadi ga Monroe. Shi da ’yan uwansa “mahaifan da suka kafa” sun ƙirƙiri shugabanci guda ɗaya daidai domin su sami damar sanya alhaki a kan wani.
James Monroe shi ne shugaban Amurka na biyar, kuma shugaban mahaifinsa na karshe, wanda ya bi tafarkin Thomas Jefferson da James Madison, abokansa da makwabta a yankin da a yanzu ake kira Central Virginia, kuma ba shakka yana bin mutum daya tilo da ya tsaya takara ba tare da hamayya ba. wa'adi na biyu, ɗan'uwan Virginia daga ɓangaren Virginia inda Monroe ya girma, George Washington. Monroe kuma gabaɗaya yana faɗi cikin inuwar wasu. Anan a Charlottesville, Virginia, inda nake zaune, da kuma inda Monroe da Jefferson suke zama, wani mutum-mutumi na Monroe, wanda aka taba samu a tsakiyar harabar Jami'ar Virginia, an dade da maye gurbinsa da wani mutum-mutumi na mawaƙin Girkanci Homer. Babban abin jan hankalin yawon bude ido a nan shine gidan Jefferson, tare da gidan Monroe yana samun ɗan guntun hankali. A cikin mashahurin mawaƙin Broadway na “Hamilton,” James Monroe bai rikiɗe ya zama ɗan Afirka Ba-Amurke ɗan adawar bauta kuma mai son ’yanci da nuna wakoki saboda ba a haɗa shi kwata-kwata.
Amma Monroe babban jigo ne a cikin halittar Amurka kamar yadda muka sani a yau, ko akalla ya kamata ya kasance. Monroe ya kasance babban mai bi a yaƙe-yaƙe da sojoji, kuma mai yiwuwa shine babban mai ba da shawara a farkon shekarun da suka gabata na Amurka don kashe kuɗin soja da kafa rundunonin soja mai nisa - wani abu da masu kula da Monroe Jefferson da Madison suka yi. Ba zai zama mai tsayi ba don suna Monroe wanda ya kafa uban masana'antu na soja (don amfani da kalmar Eisenhower ya gyara daga "rikidar majalisa na masana'antu na soja" ko kuma, kamar yadda masu fafutukar zaman lafiya suka fara nuna shi bayan bambancin - daya daga cikin mutane da yawa - abokina Ray McGovern ya yi amfani da shi, Soja-Masana'antu-Majalisar dokoki-Intelligence-Media-Academia-Think Tank complex, ko MICIMATT).
Ƙarni biyu na ƙara yawan ƙarfin soja da ɓoyewa babban batu ne. Ko da iyakance batun zuwa Yammacin Duniya, na samar a cikin littafina na baya-bayan nan kawai abubuwan da suka dace, da wasu jigogi, wasu misalai, wasu jeri da lambobi, don nuna cikakken hoto gwargwadon yadda zan iya fitar da shi. Saga ce ta ayyukan soji, gami da juyin mulki, da barazanarsa, amma har da matakan tattalin arziki.
A cikin 1829 Simón Bolívar ya rubuta cewa Amurka "da alama an ƙaddara ta jefa Amurka cikin wahala da sunan 'yanci." Duk wani ra'ayi da aka yaɗa game da Amurka a matsayin mai yuwuwa mai karewa a Latin Amurka ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci. A cewar wani marubucin tarihin Bolívar, “Akwai tunanin duniya a Kudancin Amirka cewa wannan jumhuriya ta farko, wadda ya kamata ta taimaki matasa, akasin haka, ƙoƙari ne kawai don ƙarfafa jayayya da haifar da matsaloli don magance matsalolin. ku shiga tsakani a daidai lokacin da ya dace.”
Abin da ya ba ni mamaki wajen kallon farkon shekarun farko na koyarwar Monroe, har ma da yawa daga baya, shi ne sau nawa gwamnatoci a Latin Amurka suka nemi Amurka da ta kiyaye ka'idar Monroe kuma ta shiga tsakani, kuma Amurka ta ƙi. Lokacin da gwamnatin Amurka ta yanke shawarar yin aiki da koyarwar Monroe a wajen Arewacin Amurka, ita ma tana wajen Yammacin Duniya. A 1842, Sakataren Gwamnati Daniel Webster ya gargadi Biritaniya da Faransa daga Hawaii. A wasu kalmomi, ba a kiyaye Rukunan Monroe ta hanyar kare ƙasashen Latin Amurka ba, amma za a yi amfani da shi akai-akai don yi musu zagon ƙasa.
An fara tattauna Rukunan Monroe a karkashin wannan sunan a matsayin hujja ga yakin Amurka a kan Mexico wanda ya motsa iyakar Amurka zuwa kudu, ya haɗiye jihohin California, Nevada, da Utah a yau, yawancin New Mexico, Arizona da Colorado, da kuma sassan Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, da Wyoming. Ba yadda za a yi a kudu kamar yadda wasu za su so a matsar da iyakar.
Yaƙin da ya faru a kan Filifin kuma ya girma daga yaƙin tabbatar da koyarwar Monroe-Doctrine da Spain (da Cuba da Puerto Rico) a cikin Caribbean. Kuma mulkin mallaka na duniya ya kasance fadada rukunan Monroe mai santsi.
Amma dangane da Latin Amurka ne ake ambaton koyarwar Monroe a yau, kuma koyarwar Monroe ta kasance tsakiyar harin da Amurka ta kai wa makwabtan kudanci tsawon shekaru 200. A cikin wadannan ƙarni, ƙungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, ciki har da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙasashen Latin Amurka, duk sun yi adawa da koyarwar Monroe Doctrine na mulkin mallaka kuma sun nemi yin jayayya cewa ya kamata a fassara Rukunan Monroe a matsayin haɓaka wariyar jama'a da son kai. Duk hanyoyin biyu sun sami iyakataccen nasara. Shisshigin Amurka sun yi tagumi amma ba su daina ba.
Shahararriyar koyarwar Monroe a matsayin maƙasudin magana a cikin jawabin Amurka, wanda ya tashi zuwa matsayi mai ban mamaki a cikin karni na 19, a zahiri cimma matsayin ayyana 'Yancin kai ko Tsarin Mulki, na iya zama wani ɓangare na godiya ga rashin fayyace ta da kuma guje masa. na sadaukar da gwamnatin Amurka ga wani abu na musamman, yayin da suke sautin macho. Kamar yadda zamani daban-daban suka ƙara “taswirarsu” da fassarorinsu, masu sharhi za su iya kare sigar da suka fi so akan wasu. Amma babban jigon, kafin da ma fiye da haka bayan Theodore Roosevelt, koyaushe ya kasance na musamman na mulkin mallaka.
Yawancin fiasco mai ban sha'awa a Cuba sun daɗe kafin Bay of Pigs SNAFU. Amma idan ya zo ga tserewa daga gringos masu girman kai, babu wani samfurin tatsuniyoyi da zai cika ba tare da ɗanɗano na musamman amma bayyananniyar labarin William Walker, ɗan filibusterer wanda ya mai da kansa shugaban ƙasar Nicaragua, yana ɗaukar kudu da faɗaɗa da magabata kamar Daniel Boone suka yi yamma. . Walker ba tarihin CIA bane na sirri. CIA ta kasance har yanzu. A cikin shekarun 1850 Walker na iya samun kulawa a jaridun Amurka fiye da kowane shugaban Amurka. A kwanaki hudu daban-daban, da New York Times ya sadaukar da gaba dayan shafinsa na gaba ga azzalumai. Cewa yawancin mutane a Amurka ta Tsakiya sun san sunansa kuma kusan babu wani a Amurka da yake yin zaɓin tsarin ilimi daban-daban.
Babu wani a Amurka da ke da ra'ayin wanene William Walker ba daidai yake da kowa ba a Amurka da sanin an yi juyin mulki a Ukraine a 2014. Haka nan ba kamar shekaru 20 ba ne kowa ya kasa sanin cewa Russiagate wata zamba ce. . Zan kwatanta shi fiye da shekaru 20 daga yanzu babu wanda ya san cewa an yi yakin 2003 akan Iraki wanda George W. Bush ya yi karya game da shi. Walker babban labari ne daga baya an goge shi.
Walker ya samu kansa a matsayin rundunar sojojin Arewacin Amurka da ake zaton yana taimakawa daya daga cikin bangarorin biyu masu fada a Nicaragua, amma a zahiri ya yi abin da Walker ya zaba, wanda ya hada da kwace birnin Granada, da karbar ragamar kasar yadda ya kamata, kuma daga karshe ya gudanar da zaben kansa. . Walker ya fara aiki yana canja wurin mallakar ƙasa zuwa gringos, ƙaddamar da bauta, da sanya Ingilishi ya zama harshen hukuma. Jaridu a kudancin Amurka sun rubuta game da Nicaragua a matsayin kasar Amurka a nan gaba. Amma Walker ya yi nasarar yin abokin gaba na Cornelius Vanderbilt, kuma ya haɗa Amurka ta Tsakiya kamar yadda ba a taɓa gani ba, a cikin rarrabuwar siyasa da iyakokin ƙasa, a kansa. Gwamnatin Amurka ce kawai ta yi iƙirarin "tashin hankali." An ci nasara, Walker ya yi maraba da komawa Amurka a matsayin gwarzo mai nasara. Ya sake gwadawa a Honduras a cikin 1860 kuma ya ƙare da Birtaniya ya kama shi, ya juya zuwa Honduras, kuma ya harbe shi ta hanyar harbi. An mayar da sojojinsa zuwa Amurka inda akasari suka shiga cikin Sojoji na Confederate.
Walker ya yi wa'azin bisharar yaƙi. "Su ne kawai direbobi," in ji shi, "wadanda ke magana game da kafa dangantakar da ke tsakanin tsattsauran launin fata na Amurka, kamar yadda yake a cikin Amurka, da kuma gauraye, Hispano-Indiya, kamar yadda yake a Mexico da Amurka ta Tsakiya. ba tare da aikin karfi ba." Kafofin watsa labarai na Amurka sun ji daɗin hangen Walker kuma sun yi murna, ban da wani nunin Broadway.
Da kyar ba a koyar da ɗaliban Amurka nawa daular Amurka zuwa Kudu har zuwa shekarun 1860 game da faɗaɗa bautar, ko kuma nawa ne wariyar launin fata ta Amurka ta hana shi shiga cikin United. Jihohi.
José Martí ya rubuta a wata jarida ta Buenos Aires yana la’antar koyarwar Monroe a matsayin munafunci kuma ya zargi Amurka da neman “’yanci . . . don hana sauran al'ummomi.
Duk da yake yana da mahimmanci kada a yarda cewa mulkin mallaka na Amurka ya fara ne a cikin 1898, yadda mutane a Amurka suka yi tunanin mulkin mallaka na Amurka ya canza a 1898 da shekaru masu zuwa. A yanzu akwai ruwa mai yawa a tsakanin babban yankin da yankunan da ke karkashinsa da kuma kadarorinsa. Akwai ɗimbin adadin mutanen da ba a ɗauka su “farare” suna zaune a ƙarƙashin tutocin Amurka. Kuma da alama ba a ƙara buƙatar mutunta sauran ƙasashen duniya ta hanyar fahimtar sunan "Amurka" don amfani da fiye da ƙasa ɗaya ba. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, ana kiran Amurka ta Amurka da Amurka ko Tarayyar. Yanzu ya zama Amurka. Don haka, idan kuna tunanin ƙaramar ƙasarku tana cikin Amurka, zai fi kyau ku kula!
Lokacin da aka buɗe karni na 20, Amurka ta yi yaƙi da yaƙe-yaƙe a Arewacin Amurka, amma fiye da Kudancin Amurka. Ra'ayin tatsuniya cewa babban soja yana hana yaƙe-yaƙe, maimakon haifar da su, sau da yawa yana waiwaya baya ga Theodore Roosevelt yana iƙirarin cewa Amurka za ta yi magana a hankali amma tana ɗauke da babban sanda - wani abu da mataimakin shugaban ƙasa Roosevelt ya ambata a matsayin karin magana na Afirka a cikin jawabi a 1901. , kwanaki hudu kafin a kashe Shugaba William McKinley, wanda ya zama shugaban kasar Roosevelt.
Duk da yake yana da kyau a yi tunanin Roosevelt yana hana yaƙe-yaƙe ta hanyar yin barazana da sandarsa, gaskiyar ita ce, ya yi amfani da sojojin Amurka fiye da nunawa a Panama a 1901, Colombia a 1902, Honduras a 1903, Jamhuriyar Dominican a 1903, Siriya. a 1903, Abyssinia a 1903, Panama a 1903, Jamhuriyar Dominican a 1904, Morocco a 1904, Panama a 1904, Koriya a 1904, Cuba a 1906, Honduras a 1907, da Philippines a duk tsawon shugabancinsa.
Ana tunawa da shekarun 1920 da 1930 a tarihin Amurka a matsayin lokacin zaman lafiya, ko kuma a matsayin lokaci mai ban sha'awa don tunawa kwata-kwata. Amma gwamnatin Amurka da kamfanonin Amurka suna cinye Amurka ta tsakiya. United Fruit da sauran kamfanonin Amurka sun mallaki ƙasarsu, hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa, nasu wasiku da na telegraph da sabis na tarho, da nasu 'yan siyasa. Eduardo Galeano ya lura: "A Honduras, alfadari yana kashe fiye da mataimaki, kuma a duk Amurka ta tsakiya jakadun Amurka sun fi shugabanni shugabanci." Kamfanin United Fruit Company ya kirkiro nasa tashar jiragen ruwa, na kwastam, da na 'yan sanda. Dala ta zama kudin gida. Lokacin da wani yajin aiki ya barke a Colombia, 'yan sanda sun yi wa ma'aikatan ayaba yankan rago, kamar yadda 'yan baranda gwamnati za su yi wa kamfanonin Amurka a Colombia shekaru da dama masu zuwa.
A lokacin da Hoover ya zama shugaban kasa, idan ba a da ba, gwamnatin Amurka gabaɗaya ta kama mutanen Latin Amurka sun fahimci kalmomin “Doctrine Monroe” da nufin mulkin mallaka na Yankee. Hoover ya sanar da cewa koyarwar Monroe ba ta tabbatar da tsoma bakin soja ba. Hoover sannan kuma Franklin Roosevelt ya janye sojojin Amurka daga Amurka ta tsakiya har sai sun kasance kawai a yankin Canal. FDR ya ce zai sami manufar "makwabci nagari".
A cikin shekarun 1950, Amurka ba ta da'awar cewa ita maƙwabciyarta ce ta gari, kamar yadda shugaban sabis na kariya-da- gurguzu. Bayan nasarar juyin mulki a Iran a 1953, Amurka ta koma Latin Amurka. A taron Pan-Amurka na goma a Caracas a 1954, Sakataren Gwamnati John Foster Dulles ya goyi bayan ka'idar Monroe kuma ya yi ikirarin karya cewa kwaminisanci na Soviet barazana ne ga Guatemala. An yi juyin mulki. Kuma an samu karin juyin mulki.
Ɗaya daga cikin koyarwar da gwamnatin Bill Clinton ta ci gaba a cikin shekarun 1990 ita ce ta "ciniki kyauta" - kyauta kawai idan ba ka la'akari da lalacewa ga muhalli, 'yancin ma'aikata, ko 'yancin kai daga manyan kamfanoni na duniya. Amurka tana so, kuma watakila har yanzu tana son, babbar yarjejeniyar ciniki cikin 'yanci ga dukkan al'ummomi a cikin Amurka ban da Cuba da watakila wasu da aka gano don ware. Abin da ya samu a cikin 1994 shine NAFTA, Yarjejeniyar Ciniki Kyauta ta Arewacin Amurka, daure Amurka, Kanada, da Mexico ga sharuɗɗanta. Wannan zai biyo baya a cikin 2004 ta CAFTA-DR, Amurka ta Tsakiya - Yarjejeniyar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci ta Dominican Jamhuriyar Dominican tsakanin Amurka, Costa Rica, Jamhuriyar Dominican, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, da Nicaragua, wanda wasu yarjejeniyoyin za su biyo baya. da yunƙurin yarjejeniyoyin, gami da TPP, Haɗin gwiwar Trans-Pacific don ƙasashe masu iyaka da Pacific, gami da Latin Amurka; Ya zuwa yanzu jam'iyyar TPP ta sha kaye saboda rashin farin jininta a cikin Amurka. George W. Bush ya ba da shawarar yankin ciniki cikin 'yanci na Amurka a wani taron koli na Amurka a shekara ta 2005, kuma ya ga Venezuela, Argentina, da Brazil sun ci shi.
NAFTA da 'ya'yanta sun kawo babbar fa'ida ga manyan kamfanoni, gami da kamfanonin Amurka da ke jigilar kayayyaki zuwa Mexico da Amurka ta tsakiya don farautar ƙaramin albashi, ƙarancin haƙƙin wurin aiki, da ƙarancin ƙa'idodin muhalli. Sun kirkiro dangantakar kasuwanci, amma ba alaƙar zamantakewa ko al'adu ba.
A Honduras a yau, "yankunan aikin yi da ci gaban tattalin arziki" da ba a yarda da su ba suna samun kulawa ta hanyar matsin lamba na Amurka amma kuma kamfanoni na Amurka suna tuhumar gwamnatin Honduras karkashin CAFTA. Sakamakon shi ne wani sabon nau'i na filibustering ko ayaba jamhuriyar, a cikinsa na karshe iko ya rataya a kan masu cin riba, gwamnatin Amurka ta fi mayar da hankali a kan satar, kuma wadanda abin ya shafa galibi ba a gani da kuma ba a yi tunanin - ko lokacin da suka bayyana a kan iyakar Amurka. ana zarginsu. A matsayin masu aiwatar da koyarwar girgiza, ƙungiyoyin da ke mulkin "yankuna" na Honduras, a waje da dokar Honduras, suna iya ƙaddamar da dokoki masu dacewa ga ribar nasu - ribar da ta wuce gona da iri ta yadda za su iya samun sauƙin biyan tankunan tunani na Amurka don buga dalilai a matsayin dimokuradiyya. ga abin da yafi ko žasa sabanin dimokuradiyya.
Tarihi yana da alama yana nuna ɗan fa'ida ga Latin Amurka a lokacin da Amurka ta shagala, kamar yakin basasa da sauran yaƙe-yaƙe. Wannan wani lokaci ne a yanzu da aƙalla gwamnatin Amurka ta ɗauke hankalin Ukraine da niyyar siyan man Venezuelan idan har ta yi imanin hakan na taimakawa wajen cutar da Rasha. Kuma lokaci ne na gagarumin ci gaba da buri a Latin Amurka.
Zaɓen Latin Amurka ya ƙara yin adawa da biyayya ga ikon Amurka. Bayan Hugo Chavez na “juyin juya halin Bolivaria,” an zaɓi Néstor Carlos Kirchner a Argentina a shekara ta 2003, da Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva a Brazil a shekara ta 2003. Shugaban Bolivia Evo Morales mai ra’ayin samun ‘yancin kai ya karɓi mulki a watan Janairun 2006. Shugaban Ecuador Rafael mai ra’ayin samun ‘yancin kai. Correa ya hau kan karagar mulki a watan Janairun 2007. Correa ya sanar da cewa idan Amurka na son ci gaba da zama sansanin soji a Ecuador, to dole ne a bar Ecuador ta ci gaba da rike sansaninta a Miami, Florida. A Nicaragua, shugaban Sandinista, Daniel Ortega, wanda aka hambarar a shekarar 1990, ya sake komawa kan karagar mulki daga shekara ta 2007 zuwa yau, duk da cewa a fili manufofinsa sun sauya, kuma cin zarafin da ya yi na cin zarafi ba duk kage ne na kafafen yada labaran Amurka ba. An zabi Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) a Mexico a cikin 2018. Bayan koma baya, ciki har da juyin mulki a Bolivia a 2019 (tare da goyon bayan Amurka da Birtaniya) da kuma gabatar da kara a Brazil, 2022 ya ga jerin " ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. Gwamnatoci sun haɓaka sun haɗa da Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Peru, Chile, Colombia, da Honduras - kuma, ba shakka, Cuba. Ga Colombia, 2022 ta ga zaben farko na shugaban kasa mai ra'ayin hagu. A kasar Honduras, 2021 an zabe shi a matsayin shugabar uwargidan tsohon shugaban kasar Xiomara Castro de Zelaya, wacce aka hambare a juyin mulkin da aka yi wa mijinta a shekarar 2009, kuma a yanzu Manuel Zelaya na farko.
Tabbas wadannan kasashe suna cike da bambance-bambance, haka ma gwamnatocinsu da shugabanninsu. Tabbas wadancan gwamnatocin da shuwagabannin suna da kura-kurai sosai, haka ma duk gwamnatocin duniya ko kafafen yada labaran Amurka sun yi karin gishiri ko karya kan kurakuran su. Duk da haka, zaɓen Latin Amurka (da juriya ga yunƙurin juyin mulkin) yana ba da shawarar yanayin yanayin Latin Amurka ya kawo ƙarshen rukunan Monroe, ko Amurka ta so ko ba ta so.
A cikin 2013 Gallup ya gudanar da zaɓe a Argentina, Mexico, Brazil, da Peru, kuma a kowane hali ya sami Amurka babbar amsar "Wace ƙasa ce mafi girma da barazana ga zaman lafiya a duniya?" A cikin 2017, Pew ta gudanar da zabe a Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, da Peru, kuma ta gano tsakanin kashi 56 da 85% na imanin Amurka na zama barazana ga kasarsu. Idan Koyarwar Monroe ta tafi ko kuma ta kasance mai alheri, me yasa daya daga cikin mutanen da ta yi tasiri ba ta ji labarin hakan ba?
A shekarar 2022, a taron koli na Amurka da Amurka ta karbi bakunci, kasashe 23 ne kawai daga cikin 35 suka aiko da wakilai. Amurka ta kebe kasashe uku, yayin da wasu da dama suka kauracewa, ciki har da Mexico, Bolivia, Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador, da Antigua da Barbuda.
Tabbas gwamnatin Amurka a kodayaushe tana iƙirarin cewa tana ware ko azabtarwa ko kuma neman hambarar da al'ummomi ne saboda mulkin kama-karya ne, ba wai don suna adawa da muradun Amurka ba. Amma, kamar yadda na rubuta a cikin littafina na 2020 20 Masu Mulki A halin yanzu Amurka tana TallafawaDaga cikin gwamnatoci 50 mafi yawan azzalumai a duniya a wancan lokacin, bisa fahimtar gwamnatin Amurka, Amurka ta tallafa wa 48 daga cikinsu ta hanyar soja, ta ba da damar (ko ma ta ba da tallafi) sayar da makamai ga 41 daga cikinsu, ta ba da horon soja ga 44 daga cikinsu, sannan samar da kudade ga sojojin 33 daga cikinsu.
Latin Amurka ba ta taɓa buƙatar sansanonin sojan Amurka ba, kuma yakamata a rufe su duka a yanzu. Latin Amurka da koyaushe ya fi kyau ba tare da sojan Amurka ba (ko wani sojan soja) kuma yakamata a 'yantar da su daga cutar nan da nan. Babu sauran siyar da makamai. Babu sauran kyautar makamai. Babu sauran horar da sojoji ko kudade. Babu sauran horon sojan Amurka na 'yan sandan Latin Amurka ko masu gadin kurkuku. Ba za a sake fitar da kudu da bala'in aikin daure jama'a ba. (Kudirin doka a Majalisa kamar Dokar Berta Caceres da za ta katse tallafin Amurka ga sojoji da 'yan sanda a Honduras muddun na baya-bayan nan suna cin zarafin bil'adama ya kamata a fadada zuwa dukkan Latin Amurka da sauran duniya, kuma a sanya su. na dindindin ba tare da sharadi ba; taimako ya kamata ya ɗauki nau'in taimakon kuɗi, ba sojoji masu ɗauke da makamai ba.) Babu sauran yaƙi da kwayoyi, a ƙasashen waje ko a gida. Babu sauran amfani da yaki akan kwayoyi a madadin militarism. Ba za a ƙara yin watsi da ƙarancin ingancin rayuwa ko ƙarancin ingancin kiwon lafiya wanda ke haifar da ci gaba da shan muggan ƙwayoyi ba. Babu sauran yarjejeniyar kasuwanci mai lalata muhalli da mutuntaka. Babu sauran bikin "ci gaban" tattalin arziki don kansa. Babu sauran gasa da China ko wani, kasuwanci ko soja. Babu sauran bashi. (Soke shi!) Babu ƙarin taimako tare da haɗe kirtani. Babu sauran hukumci gama-gari ta hanyar takunkumi. Babu sauran bangon kan iyaka ko abubuwan da ba su da ma'ana don yin motsi. Babu sauran zama ɗan ƙasa na aji na biyu. Babu sauran karkatar da albarkatu daga rikice-rikicen muhalli da na ɗan adam zuwa sabbin juzu'ai na al'adar mamaya. Latin Amurka ba ta buƙatar mulkin mallaka na Amurka. Puerto Rico, da duk yankuna na Amurka, yakamata a ba su izinin zaɓar 'yancin kai ko jiha, tare da kowane zaɓi, diyya.
Gwamnatin Amurka za ta iya ɗaukar wani babban mataki a cikin wannan hanyar ta hanyar kawar da ƙanƙara kaɗan na furucin: munafunci. Kuna so ku zama wani ɓangare na "tsari na tushen ƙa'idodi"? Sai ku shiga daya! Akwai daya daga can yana jiran ku, kuma Latin Amurka ce ke jagorantar ta.
Daga cikin manyan yarjejeniyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama 18 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Amurka tana cikin kasashe 5. Amurka ce ke kan gaba wajen adawa da tabbatar da dimokuradiyya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma cikin sauki ta kasance tana rike da tarihin amfani da veto a kwamitin sulhu na shekaru 50 da suka gabata.
Amurka ba ta buƙatar "juya hanya kuma ta jagoranci duniya" kamar yadda buƙatun gama gari za su kasance akan yawancin batutuwan da Amurka ke yin lalata. Amurka na bukatar, akasin haka, ta shiga cikin kasashen duniya da kuma kokarin cimma kasashen Latin Amurka da ke kan gaba wajen samar da ingantacciyar duniya. Nahiyoyi biyu sun mamaye membobin Kotun Hukunta Manyan Laifuka ta Duniya kuma sun yi ƙoƙari sosai don kiyaye dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa: Turai da Amurka kudancin Texas. Latin Amurka ce ke kan gaba wajen shiga cikin yerjejeniyar haramta amfani da makamin nukiliya. Kusan dukkanin Latin Amurka wani yanki ne na yankin da ba shi da makamin nukiliya, gaba da kowace nahiya, baya ga Ostiraliya.
Kasashen Latin Amurka suna shiga kuma suna kiyaye yarjejeniyoyin ko fiye da ko'ina a duniya. Ba su da makaman nukiliya, sinadarai, ko na halitta - duk da cewa suna da sansanonin sojan Amurka. Brazil ce kadai ke fitar da makamai kuma adadin ya yi kadan. Tun daga 2014 a Havana, fiye da ƙasashe mambobi 30 na Community of Latin America da Caribbean States suna da alaƙa da Sanarwar Yankin Zaman Lafiya.
A cikin 2019, AMLO ya yi watsi da shawara daga shugaban Amurka na lokacin Trump don yaƙin haɗin gwiwa da dillalan ƙwayoyi, yana ba da shawara a cikin aiwatar da kawar da yaƙi:
"Mafi munin abin da zai iya zama, mafi munin abin da muke iya gani, shine yaki. Waɗanda suka karanta labarin yaƙi, ko waɗanda suka sha fama da yaƙi, sun san ma’anar yaƙi. Yaki kishiyar siyasa ce. Na sha cewa an kirkiro siyasa ne don gudun yaki. Yaƙi yana daidai da rashin hankali. Yaki bai dace ba. Mu ne don zaman lafiya. Zaman lafiya ka'ida ce ta wannan sabuwar gwamnati.
Masu mulki ba su da gurbi a wannan gwamnatin da nake wakilta. Ya kamata a rubuta sau 100 a matsayin hukunci: mun ayyana yaki kuma bai yi aiki ba. Wannan ba zabi bane. Wannan dabarar ta gaza. Ba za mu kasance cikin wannan ba. . . . Kisa ba hankali ba ne, wanda ke bukatar fiye da karfin tuwo.”
Abu daya ne ka ce kuna adawa da yaki. Yana da wani gaba ɗaya da za a sanya shi a cikin yanayin da mutane da yawa za su gaya muku cewa yaƙi shine kawai zaɓi kuma amfani da zaɓi mafi girma maimakon. Jagoran hanyar nuna wannan hanya mafi hikima shine Latin Amurka. A kan wannan nunin akwai jerin misalai.
Latin Amurka tana ba da samfuran sabbin abubuwa da yawa don koyo da haɓakawa, gami da yawancin al'ummomin ƴan asalin da ke rayuwa cikin kwanciyar hankali da lumana, gami da Zapatistas suna amfani da fafutuka da yawa don ci gaba da ƙarewar dimokiradiyya da gurguzu, gami da misalin Costa Rica ta soke sojojinta, ta sanya hakan. soja a gidan kayan gargajiya inda ya dace, kuma kasancewa mafi alheri gare shi.
Har ila yau, Latin Amurka tana ba da samfuri don wani abu da ake buƙata don koyarwar Monroe: kwamitin gaskiya da sulhu.
Ƙasashen Latin Amurka, duk da haɗin gwiwar Colombia da NATO (da alama sabuwar gwamnatinta ba ta canza ba), ba su da sha'awar shiga cikin yakin da Amurka da NATO ke goyon bayan Ukraine da Rasha, ko kuma yin Allah wadai ko takunkumi na kudi kawai wani bangare na ta.
Ayyukan da ke gaban Amurka shine kawo karshen koyarwar Monroe, da kuma kawo karshensa ba kawai a cikin Latin Amurka ba amma a duniya, kuma ba kawai kawo karshen shi ba amma don maye gurbin shi da ayyuka masu kyau na shiga duniya a matsayin memba mai bin doka. tabbatar da tsarin dokokin kasa da kasa, da kuma yin hadin gwiwa kan kawar da makaman nukiliya, da kare muhalli, da annoba, da rashin matsuguni, da talauci. Rukunan Monroe ba doka ba ne, kuma dokokin da ke wurin yanzu sun hana ta. Babu wani abu da za a soke ko zartar. Abin da ake buƙata kawai shine irin kyawawan ɗabi'un da 'yan siyasar Amurka ke ƙara ɗaukan cewa sun riga sun tsunduma cikin.
