By Medea Benjamin da Nicolas JS Davies, Fabrairu 4, 2019
daga Mafarki na Farko
A cikin kwarewarsa, Kashe Tsammani: Harkokin Jakadancin Amirka da CIA tun lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, William Blum, wanda ya mutu a watan Disamba na 2018, ya rubuta asusu mai tsayi na gwamnatocin Amurka 55 da ke canza canjin aiki a kan kasashen duniya, daga China (1945-1960s) zuwa Haiti (1986-1994). Noam Chomsky ya faɗi a bayan sabon fitowar yana mai sauƙin faɗi, “Nesa da mafi kyawun littafi a kan batun.” Mun yarda. Idan baku karanta shi ba, don Allah yi. Zai ba ku cikakken mahallin abin da ke faruwa a Venezuela a yau, da kyakkyawar fahimtar duniyar da kuke ciki.
Tun da aka wallafa Mutuwa Hope a 1995, Amurka ta gudanar da ayyukan 13 a wasu lokuta, da dama daga cikinsu har yanzu suna aiki: Yugoslavia; Afghanistan; Iraq; Rundunar 3rd ta Amurka ta Haiti tun lokacin yakin duniya; Somalia; Honduras; Libya; Syria; Ukraine; Yemen; Iran; Nicaragua; kuma yanzu Venezuela.
William Blum ya lura cewa Amurka gabaɗaya ta fi son abin da masu tsara ta ke kira "ƙaramar rikici" game da yaƙe-yaƙe. Sai kawai a lokutan tsananin dogaro ya ƙaddamar da yaƙe-yaƙenta mafi haɗari da bala'i, daga Koriya da Vietnam zuwa Afghanistan da Iraq. Bayan yakin da ta yi na kisan kare dangi a Iraki, Amurka ta koma ga “karamin rikici” a karkashin koyarwar Obama na boye da wakili.
Obama ya jagoranci har ma ya fi damuwa da Bush II, kuma aka tura shi Ƙungiyoyin na musamman na Amurka ga kasashe 150 a duk duniya, amma ya tabbatar da cewa kusan duk zub da jini da mutuwar ‘yan Afghanistan, Syria, Iraq, Somalia, Libya, Ukraine, Yemen da sauransu, ba Amurkawa suka yi ba. Abinda masu shirin Amurka ke nufi da "karamin rikici" shine cewa bashi da karfi sosai ga Amurkawa.
Shugaba Ghani na Afganistan kwanan nan ya bayyana cewa, an kashe mayakan tsaro na 45,000 a Afghanistan tun lokacin da ya kama aiki a 2014, idan aka kwatanta da kawai 72 US da NATO sojojin. "Yana nuna wanda ke cikin yakin," in ji Ghani. Wannan mummunan abu ne na kowa a kowace yakin Amurka.
Wannan ba ya nufin cewa Amurka ba ta da kishi ga ƙoƙarin kawar da gwamnatocin da suka ki amincewa da tsayayya Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Amurka, musamman ma wa] annan} asashen sun ƙunshi manyan tankunan man fetur. Ba daidai ba ne cewa biyu daga cikin manyan manufofi na sauye-sauye na gwamnatin Amurka a halin yanzu sune Iran da Venezuela, biyu daga cikin kasashen hudu da mafi yawan man fetur a duniya (wasu kuma Saudi Arabia da Iraq).
A aikace, “ƙaramin rikici mai ƙarfi” ya ƙunshi kayan aiki huɗu na canjin mulki: takunkumi ko yaƙin tattalin arziki; farfaganda ko "Yakin basira"; kariya da wakili; da kuma bombardment. A Venezuela, Amurka ta yi amfani da na farko da na biyu, tare da na uku da na hudu a yanzu "a kan teburin" tun lokacin da suka fara haifar da rudani amma har yanzu ba a goge gwamnati ba.
Gwamnatin Amurka ta yi adawa da juyin juya halin zamantakewar al'umma a Venezuela tun lokacin da aka zabi Hugo Chavez a 1998. Ba a sani ba ga mafi yawan jama'ar Amurkan, Chavez yana da ƙaunar da matalauta da ma'aikata na kasar Venezuelan suka ji daɗi don tsara shirye-shirye na zamantakewa wanda ya dauke miliyoyin daga talauci. Tsakanin 1996 da 2010, matakin matsananci Talauci talaucid daga 40% zuwa 7%. Har ila yau gwamnatin na da mahimmanci inganta kiwon lafiya da ilimi, yankan ƙananan ƙwayar jarirai da rabi, rage yawan abinci mai gina jiki daga 21% zuwa 5% na yawan jama'a da kuma kawar da rashin ilimi. Wadannan canje-canje sun ba Venezuela kasa mafi ƙasƙanci na rashin daidaito a yankin, dangane da ita Gwargwadon Gini.
Tun lokacin da Chavez ya mutu a 2013, Venezuela ya shiga cikin tattalin arziki wanda ya haifar da haɗin gwiwar gwamnati, cin hanci da rashawa, sabotage da fatara a farashin mai. Kamfanin mai na samar da 95% na kudaden da Venezuela ke fitarwa, don haka abu na farko da Venezuela ke bukata a lokacin da farashin da aka kashe a 2014 ya kasance kudade na kasa da kasa don rufe manyan matsaloli a cikin kasafin kuɗi na gwamnati da kamfanin man fetur. Manufar da Amurka ta sanya takunkumi ita ce ta kara tsananta matsalar tattalin arziki ta hanyar ƙaryar Venezuela zuwa tsarin kudi na kasa da kasa na Amurka don sake biyan bashin da ake samu da kuma samun sabon kudade.
Hanyoyin Citgo a Amurka sun mallaki Venezuela dalar Amurka biliyan a kowace shekara ta kudaden da aka samu daga sayar da man fetur zuwa ga direbobi na Amurka. Masanin tattalin arzikin kasar Kanada, Joe Emersberger, ya kirga cewa sabon takunkumin da aka sanya a cikin 2017 kudin Venezuela dala biliyan 6 a cikin shekarar farko kawai. A takaice, an tsara takunkumin Amurka zuwa "Sa tattalin arziki ya yi kururuwa" a Venezuela, kamar yadda shugaban kasar Nixon ya bayyana manufar takunkumi na Amurka da Chile bayan da aka zaba mutanensa Salvador Allende a 1970.
Alfred De Zayas ya ziyarci Venezuela a matsayin Wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a 2017 kuma ya rubuta rahoto mai zurfi ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Ya soki dogaro da Venezuela kan mai, rashin kyakkyawan shugabanci da rashawa, amma ya gano cewa "yaƙin tattalin arziki" da Amurka da kawayenta ke yi na ƙara dagula rikicin. De Zayas ya rubuta "Takunkumin tattalin arziki na zamani da toshewar gari ana iya kwatanta su da garuruwa na da." "Takunkumin da aka sanya wa karni na ashirin da daya ya sanya ba da gari kawai ba, har ma da kasashen da ke da iko." Ya ba da shawarar cewa Kotun Laifuka ta Duniya ta binciki takunkumin da Amurka ta sanya wa Venezuela a matsayin laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama. A cikin kwanan nan hira tare da jaridar Independent a Birtaniya, De Zayas ya sake jaddada cewa takunkumin Amurka yana kashe 'yan Venezuelan.
Kasashen Venezuela na da shrunk by about half tun da 2014, mafi ƙanƙantawar karfin tattalin arziki a zamani. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta bayar da rahoton cewa, 'yan kasar Venezuelan ne rasa 24 mai ban sha'awa. a cikin nauyin jiki a 2017.
Mista De Zayas ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin mai ba da rahotanni na MDD, Idriss Jazairy wata sanarwa ranar Janairu 31st, wanda a ciki ya yi Allah wadai da “tilas” ta ikon waje kamar “keta ƙa’idoji da dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa.” "Takunkumin da ka iya haifar da yunwa da karancin magani ba shi ne mafita ga rikicin na Venezuela ba," in ji Mista Jazairy, "cip haifar da rikicin tattalin arziki da na jin kai… ba tushe ba ne na sasanta rikice-rikicen cikin lumana."
Yayinda mutanen Venezuela ke fuskantar talauci, cututtukan da za'a iya kiyayewa, rashin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma barazanar yaki daga bakin jami'an Amurka, wadancan jami'an Amurka da masu daukar nauyin kamfanoni suna kallon ma'adinan zinare mara izini idan zasu iya durkusar da Venezuela: sayar da wuta na masana'antar mai. ga kamfanonin mai na waje da kuma mayar da wasu bangarori da dama na tattalin arzikinta, daga kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki zuwa iron, aluminium da, a, hakikanin ma'adinan zinariya. Wannan ba hasashe bane. Yana da abin da sabuwar jaririn Amurka, Juan Guaido, ya bayar da rahoton cewa, wa] anda suka tallafa wa {asar Amirka, idan za su iya rushe Gwamnatin Venezuela da kuma sanya shi a cikin fadar shugaban} asa.
Ma'aikatar masana'antu sun bayar da rahoton cewa, Guaido ya "yi niyya don gabatar da sabuwar doka ta kasa-da-kasa da ke tabbatar da tsarin tattalin arziki da kwangila don daidaita ayyukan da aka dace da farashin man fetur da haɗin mai zuba jari ... Za a kirkiro wani sabon kamfanonin hydrocarbons don bayar da zane-zane don ayyukan da ke cikin iskar gas. na al'ada, nauyi da kuma karin-nauyi danye. "
Gwamnatin {asar Amirka ta yi iƙirarin cewa, tana da kyakkyawar dama ga jama'ar Venezuelan, amma a kan 80 bisa dari na Venezuelans, ciki har da mutane da yawa da ba su goyon bayan Maduro, suna tsayayya da takunkumi na tattalin arziki, yayin da 86% ta yi hamayya da Amurka ko taimakon agaji na kasa da kasa.
Wannan tsohuwar Amirkawa ta rigaya ta ga irin yadda dokar ta ba da izini ga gwamnati, ta yayatawa da kuma yaƙe-yaƙe, ta bar kasar bayan da kasar ta rabu da tashin hankali, talauci da hargitsi. Kamar yadda sakamakon wadannan yakin ya zama abin bala'i ga mutanen kowane ƙasashe da aka yi niyya, jami'an Amurka suna inganta da kuma ɗaukar su suna da mafi girma da kuma mafi girma bar don ganawa yayin da suke ƙoƙari su amsa amsar tambayar da ƙarar m Amurka da kuma na kasashen waje :
"Ta yaya Venezuela (ko Iran ko Koriya ta Arewa) ya bambanta da Iraki, Afghanistan, Libya, Syria da akalla 63 wasu ƙasashe inda gwamnatin Amurka ta canza canjin sun haifar da rikice-rikice da rikici?"
Mexico, Uruguay, Vatican da sauran ƙasashe amincewa da diplomacy don taimaka wa mutanen Venezuela su warware banbance banbancen siyasarsu da neman hanyar lumana ta ci gaba. Hanya mafi mahimmanci da Amurka zata iya taimakawa ita ce ta dakatar da sanya tattalin arzikin Venezuela da mutane ihu (a kowane bangare), ta hanyar dage takunkumin ta da watsi da gazawarta da masifar sauya tsarin mulki a Venezuela. Amma kawai abubuwan da zasu tilasta irin wannan canjin canjin a cikin manufofin Amurka shine fushin jama'a, ilimi da tsarawa, da kuma hadin kan kasa da kasa ga mutanen Venezuela.
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