By Thalif Deen, Inter Press Service
Tsaron nukiliya ya kasance babban fifiko ga shugaban Amurka Barack Obama. / Credit:Eli Clifton/IPS
– A wani bangare na abin da ya gada na nukiliya, Shugaban Amurka Barack Obama na neman kudurin kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNSC) da nufin haramta gwajin makamin nukiliya a duniya.
Ana sa ran za a amince da kudurin wanda har yanzu ake ci gaba da tattaunawa a cikin mambobi 15 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kafin Obama ya kare shugabancinsa na shekaru takwas a watan Janairun shekara mai zuwa.
Daga cikin 15, biyar mambobi ne na dindindin na veto wadanda kuma su ne manyan kasashen duniya masu karfin nukiliya: Amurka, Burtaniya, Faransa, China da Rasha.
Shawarar, wacce ita ce irinta ta farko a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ta haifar da cece-kuce a tsakanin masu fafutukar yaki da makamin nukiliya da masu fafutukar neman zaman lafiya.
Joseph Gerson, Daraktan Shirin Tsaro da Tsaro na Tattalin Arziki a Kwamitin Sabis na Abokan Amurka (AFSC), kungiyar Quaker da ke inganta zaman lafiya tare da adalci, ya shaida wa IPS cewa akwai hanyoyi da yawa don duba kudurin da aka tsara.
'Yan jam'iyyar Republican a majalisar dattijan Amurka sun nuna fushinsu cewa Obama yana aiki don ganin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta karfafa Yarjejeniyar hana gwajin Nukiliya (CTBT), in ji shi.
"Sun ma tuhumi cewa da kudurin, ya saba wa kundin tsarin mulkin Amurka, wanda ke bukatar majalisar dattijai ta amince da yarjejeniyoyin. 'Yan Republican sun yi adawa da amincewar CTBT tun (tsohon shugaban Amurka) Bill Clinton ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar a 1996, "in ji shi.
A hakikanin gaskiya, duk da cewa dokar kasa da kasa ta zama dokar Amurka, ba za a amince da kudurin idan an zartar da shi a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin abin da kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanada na amincewa da yarjejeniyoyin da Majalisar Dattawa ta yi, don haka ba zai sabawa tsarin tsarin mulkin ba, in ji Gerson.
Gerson ya kara da cewa "Abin da kudurin zai yi shi ne karfafa CTBT da kuma kara dankon haske ga hoton Obama na kawar da makaman nukiliya," in ji Gerson.
CTBT, wanda Babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya amince da shi a baya a 1996, har yanzu bai fara aiki ba saboda wani dalili na farko: manyan kasashe takwas ko dai sun ki sanya hannu ko kuma sun hana amincewa da su.
Uku da ba su sanya hannu ba - Indiya, Koriya ta Arewa da Pakistan - da biyar da ba su amince da su ba - Amurka, Sin, Masar, Iran da Isra'ila - sun kasance ba sa hannu a cikin shekaru 20 bayan amincewa da yarjejeniyar.
A halin yanzu, akwai takunkumi na son rai kan gwajin da yawancin ƙasashe masu makaman nukiliya suka sanya. "Amma moratoria ba madadin CTBT a cikin karfi ba. Gwaje-gwajen nukiliya guda hudu da DPRK (Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Koriya ta Arewa) ta yi, sun tabbatar da haka,” in ji Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-moon, mai rajin kare kai daga makaman nukiliya.
A karkashin tanade-tanaden CTBT, yarjejeniyar ba za ta iya aiki ba tare da sa hannun na karshe na manyan kasashe takwas ba.
Alice Slater, mai ba da shawara tare da Gidauniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Nukiliya kuma wanda ke aiki a Kwamitin Gudanarwa na World Beyond War, ya gaya wa IPS: "Ina tsammanin yana da babban karkata daga ci gaban da ake samu a halin yanzu don tattaunawar hana yarjejeniyar a wannan faɗuwar a babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya."
Bugu da kari, ta yi nuni da cewa, ba zai yi wani tasiri ba a Amurka inda ake bukatar Majalisar Dattawa ta amince da CTBT domin ta fara aiki a nan.
"Abin ba'a ne a yi wani abu game da Yarjejeniyar Haramtacciyar Jarabawa tun da ba ta cika ba kuma ba ta hana gwajin makaman nukiliya ba."
Ta bayyana CTBT a matsayin tsauraran matakan hana yaduwar cutar a yanzu, tun lokacin da Clinton ta sanya hannu "tare da alkawalin Dr. Strangeloves na Shirin Kula da Hannun jari wanda bayan gwaje-gwaje 26 na karkashin kasa a Cibiyar Gwajin Nevada inda aka hura plutonium tare da fashewar sinadarai. amma ba shi da amsawar sarkar.”
Don haka Clinton ta ce ba gwaje-gwajen nukiliya ba ne, tare da gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje na fasaha mai zurfi kamar filayen ƙwallon ƙafa biyu na National Ignition Facility a Livermore Lab, ya haifar da sabon hasashen dala tiriliyan ɗaya cikin shekaru talatin na sabbin masana'antar bamabamai, bama-bamai. da tsarin bayarwa a Amurka, in ji Slater.
Gerson ya gaya wa IPS wani rahoto daga Ƙungiyar Ƙarshen Ƙarshen Ayyuka (OEWG) game da lalata makaman nukiliya za a yi la'akari da shi a taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai zuwa.
Ya kara da cewa Amurka da sauran kasashe masu karfin nukiliya suna adawa da matakin farko na wannan rahoton wanda ya bukaci Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da izinin fara shawarwari a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan yarjejeniyar kawar da makaman kare dangi a shekarar 2017, in ji shi.
Aƙalla, ta hanyar samun tallata ƙudirin CTBT na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, gwamnatin Obama ta riga ta ɗauke hankali a cikin Amurka daga tsarin OEWG, in ji Gerson.
"Hakazalika, yayin da Obama na iya yin kira ga kafa kwamitin "blue ribbon" don ba da shawarwari game da samar da kudaden da za a inganta makaman nukiliya na dala tiriliyan da kuma tsarin isar da kayayyaki don samar da wani abin rufe fuska don ragewa amma ba kawo karshen wannan kashewa ba, Ina shakkun cewa zai iya. yunƙurin kawo ƙarshen koyaswar yajin aikin farko na Amurka, wanda kuma manyan jami’an gwamnati ke la’akari da shi.”
Idan har Obama ya bayar da umarnin kawo karshen akidar yajin aikin farko na Amurka, zai shigar da wani batu mai cike da cece-ku-ce a zaben shugaban kasa, kuma Obama ba ya son yin wani abu da zai kawo cikas ga yakin neman zaben Hillary Clinton ta fuskar hadarin da ke tattare da zaben Trump. jayayya.
"Don haka, kuma, ta hanyar latsawa da kuma ba da sanarwar ƙudurin CTBT, hankalin jama'ar Amurka da na duniya za su shagala daga gazawar canza koyaswar yaƙin yaƙi na farko."
Bayan dakatar da gwaje-gwajen nukiliya, Obama yana kuma shirin bayyana manufar nukiliya "babu amfani da farko" (NFU). Hakan zai karfafa yunƙurin da Amurka ta yi na cewa ba za ta taɓa yin amfani da makaman nukiliya ba, sai dai idan maƙiyi ya sake su.
A cikin wata sanarwa da aka fitar a ranar 15 ga Agusta, Cibiyar Shugabancin Asiya-Pacific don Yaɗuwar Nukiliya da Kashe Makamai, "ta ƙarfafa Amurka da ta aiwatar da manufar nukiliya ta "Babu Amfani da Farko" tare da yin kira ga kawayen Pacific da su tallafa mata."
A watan Fabrairun da ya gabata, Ban ya yi nadama cewa ya kasa cimma daya daga cikin burinsa na siyasa da ke da wuya: tabbatar da shigar da CTBT.
"Wannan shekara ta cika shekaru 20 tun lokacin da aka bude don sanya hannu," in ji shi, yana mai nuni da cewa gwajin makamin nukiliya na baya-bayan nan da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Koriya ta Kudu (DPRK) - na hudu tun 2006 - ya kasance "mai matukar tayar da hankali ga tsaron yankin kuma yana da matukar damuwa. yana lalata yunƙurin hana yaɗuwar ƙasashen duniya.”
Yanzu ne lokacin, in ji shi, don yin yunƙuri na ƙarshe don tabbatar da shigar da CTBT, da kuma cimma burinsa na duniya.
A cikin wucin gadi, ya kamata jihohi su yi la'akari da yadda za su karfafa defacto na yanzu a kan gwaje-gwajen nukiliya, ya ba da shawarar, "domin kada wata kasa ta yi amfani da matsayin CTBT a halin yanzu a matsayin uzuri don yin gwajin nukiliya."
