By: Andrew deGrandpre da Shawn Snow, War Times.
Rundunar sojojin Amirka ta kasa bayyana yadda jama'a ke nuna dubban hare-haren da aka yi a shekarun da dama a Iraki, Siriya da Afghanistan, wani binciken da aka yi a Times Times ya bayyana. Babban haɗin bayanan ya kawo shakku game da gaskiya a cikin ci gaba da aka yi a kan Musulunci, al-Qa'ida da Taliban, kuma ya yi kira game da daidaitattun bayanan bayanan Tsaro na tsare-tsaren da ke rubuta duk abin da ya dace daga lamarin da aka kashe.
A cikin 2016 kadai, jirgin saman yaki na Amurka ya gudanar a kalla 456 a farkon watan Afrilu wanda ba a rubuta shi a matsayin ɓangare na wani bayanan budewa wanda rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka ke kula da shi, bayanan da Majalisar Dattawa, abokan kawancen Amurka, masu sharhi na soja, masu binciken ilimi, kafofin watsa labarai da kungiyoyin sa kai masu zaman kansu suka yi amfani da shi don tantance kudin kowane yaki, bukatun mutane da yawan mutane. Wadannan hare-hare ta sama an yi su ne ta hanyar jirage masu saukar ungulu da jirage marasa matuka da Sojojin Amurka ke amfani da su, ma'aunin a hankali ba a cire shi ba daga takaitattun bayanan wata-wata, wanda aka buga a intanet tsawon shekaru, yana bayanin ayyukan sojan Amurkan a dukkan gidajen sinima uku.
Yawancin abin mamaki shi ne cewa wannan bayanai ba ta cika ba tun lokacin yakin ta'addanci ya fara a watan Oktoba 2001. Idan wannan shine lamarin, zai haifar damuwa da yawa daga abin da Pentagon ya bayyana game da gabatar da wadannan yaƙe-yaƙe, masu faɗakarwa masu adawa don yin tambayoyi ko sojojin sun nemi su ɓatar da jama'ar Amirka, kuma suna jituwa game da kwarewar da suka dace. Ana gudanar da wasu manyan bayanan bayanai da kuma tallace-tallace. Wadannan matakan mahimmanci sun haɗa da matsalar Amurka, wadanda suke biyan kuɗin haraji, da kuma ci gaba da aikin soja a cikin halayen abokan gaba.
Babban Kwamandan Amurka, wanda ke kula da ayyukan soja a dukkan yankuna ukun uku na yakin, ya nuna ba shi da ikon tantance yawan adadin da aka cire daga Sojojin daga wadannan takunkuman jiragen saman. Jami'an da ke wurin ba za su yi bayani dalla-dalla kan tambayoyin da Jaridar Soja ta gabatar ba, kuma ba su iya samar da cikakken jerin hare-hare na sama da ake kaiwa kowace shekara da kowane ma'aikatar tsaro hudu ke gudanarwa ba.
“Gaskiya abin mamaki ne. Ba mu bin diddigin yawan yajin aikin daga Apach, misali ”in ji wani jami’in sojan Amurka da ke da masaniya game da tattara bayanan CENTCOM da bayar da rahoto. Jami'in, wanda ya yi magana da Jaridar Soja kan yanayin rashin sani don tattaunawa kan hanyoyin cikin gida, yana magana ne kan jirage masu saukar ungulu na AH-64 Apache, wanda Sojojin suka yi amfani da su sosai wajen yaki a cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata, mafi kwanan nan don tallafawa kawayen Amurka. suna fafatawa da Daular Islama.
Jami'in ya ce "Zan iya fada muku, ba tare da wata shakka ba, ba mu kokarin boye yawan yajin aikin," “Wannan ita ce hanyar da aka bi diddigi a baya. Abin da ya saba kenan. ”
Yana da matukar banbanci, duk da haka, kuma ɗayan da cikakken ikonsa ya kasance marar ganewa. Airstrikes, bisa ga fassarar kafa da kuma biye da mambobin kungiyar hadin gwiwar Amurka, na iya ƙunsar mayakan da wasu jiragen sama, kai hare-haren helicopters da drones, kuma zasu iya hada da duk wani haɗari.
Za'a iya yin amfani da jirgin sama guda daya a kan makasudin jigilar, kuma amfani da bama-bamai, makamai masu linzami, roka da na'ura na na'ura. Zai iya hada da fitowar yaƙi tare da ƙaddarar da aka tsara da kuma hare-haren da aka yi a yayin da ake gudanar da ayyukan tallafin iska.
Sojoji suna kallon abubuwa daban-daban, ko da yake.
"A ganina tarin ko rarraba bayanan harin sama ba wani nauyi ne na Sojoji ba na Title 10," in ji wani babban jami'in Sojan a lokacin da yake magana da Jaridar Soja bisa sharadin sakaya sunansa. Take na 10 na Dokar Amurka ya tsara dokokin da ke bayyana matsayin ayyukan soja, nauyi da kuma manufa. “Wannan alhakin ya kamata ya kasance tare da kwamandan rundunar. Bugu da ƙari, Apaches alal misali, gudanar da hare-haren yaƙi na kusa a matsayin abin motsa jiki wanda ke tallafawa ƙarfin ƙasa don tuntuɓar abokan gaba. Ba zan yi la'akari da wannan ba a cikin rukunin 'airstrike.' ”
Kamar yadda kwanan watan Disamba, wani jami'in Air Force ya shaida wa jaridar Times Times cewa, a cikin watanni na watan Mayun da ya gabata, ya bayyana cewa, dukkanin ayyukan hadin gwiwar da aka yi a Iraki da Siriya sun wakilci dukkanin haɗin gwiwa na Amurka "a matsayin duka, wato dukkanin kasashe na 20 da kuma rassan Amurka." ko wannan furci yana da kuskure ne, ko kuma kawai nuna nuna zurfin jahilci cikin ciki, rikicewa ko rashin kula game da abin da ke cikin wannan bayanan. Duk da haka, ya haɗa da haɗarin da sojojin Amurka suka yi, Navy da Marine Corps - amma ba sojojin.
Abubuwan da ke cikin kudi, idan akwai, ba su da tabbas. Pentagon ya bayyana duk wani kudaden da aka yi don kowane irin aiki na soja, amma wannan bayanai ba ta raguwa da yawan adadin da aka yi ta hanyar jirgin sama na Amurka da yawan nau'un da aka sanya su. Ka yi la'akari da cewa, 'yan bindigar Apache na iya ɗaukar nau'ikan makamai masu yawa, ciki har da missiles da ke dauke da wutar lantarki na $ 99,600, bisa ga adadin da kamfanin AeroWeb ya dauka, wani kamfani na intanet na tsaro wanda ke kula da kariya ta kasa da kasa.
Irin wannan rikodin rikodin ba kome ba ne. Ko da hukumomin tarayya sun yi la'akari da irin wadannan batutuwa a cikin rahotannin da aka tsara don rinjayar Congress. Rundunar Sojoji "binciken ya gano lokuttan da yawa wanda masanin injiniya ya jawo hankalinta, ya yi jawabi ga manyan jami'an gwamnati da ke aiki a Ma'aikatar Gwamnati da kuma manyan mambobin majalisa, daga bayanan bayanan farko.
Kashewar bayanan aikin soja ya kasance daya daga kurakurai da yawa, rashin daidaituwa da rashin gazawa, ƙaddamar da tambayoyi game da ingancin manufofi da hanyoyin da sojojin Amurka ke amfani da su don tattarawa da kuma watsa bayanai game da ayyukan da ake yi a duniya.
Misali, rahoton 2015 zuwa majalisa ta hanyar manyan jami'an tsaro na ma'aikatar tsaro, Ma'aikatar Gwamnati da Hukumar Kula da Ƙasashen Harkokin Ƙasa ta Amirka, sun nuna ikon samar da wutar lantarki mai tushe don gudanar da ayyukan Musulunci. A wani lokaci bayan an wallafa rahoton kuma an ba da rahoton ga masu doka a kan Capitol Hill, Air Force ya sake nazarin bayanan da ayyukan IGs ke yi, a wasu lokuta da ya kara fiye da kayan na 100 ya bar wata wata. Kuma yayin da Air Force ta lura cewa sauye-sauye yakan faru a wani lokaci, a cikin wannan misali sun kasance masu muhimmanci - kuma ya faru bayan bayanan da aka ba wa majalisar.
Wani bambance-bambance: Ko da yake yana da'awar yin amfani da bayanan jirgin saman Air Force, Rahotanni na Sashen Tsaro da ayyukan da ake yi a Iraki da Siriya, a halin yanzu kamar Jan. 31, ba su da lissafin kusan kusan 6,000 da aka samu a lokacin 2014, lokacin da yakin basasar ISIS ya fara.
Takaitaccen bayanin Sojan Sama ya kirga hare-haren sama na hadin gwiwa 23,740 har zuwa 2016. A halin yanzu, shafin yanar gizon Ma'aikatar Tsaro ya lissafa 17,861 har zuwa 31 ga Janairu. da Siriya.
A cikin wannan hoton da aka dauka na shafin yanar gizo na Ma'aikatar Tsaro, wanda aka dauka a ranar Asabar, 4 ga Fabrairu, jami'ai sun dauki matakin kai hare-hare na hadin gwiwa 17,861 har zuwa 31 ga Janairu. Wannan ya kusan 5,900 kasa da adadin Sojojin Sama har zuwa karshen Disambar 2016.
Haka kuma akwai alamun manufofi daban-daban a wurin yin gyaran ƙayyadadden bayanin da za'a iya bayyana a fili. Da yake fadin manufofin, jami'an soji a Amurka da Baghdad sun ki yarda da irin fasinjojin Amurka wanda ke jagorantar kai tsaye a Iraki da Siriya, kuma ba za su ba da raunin aiki ta abubuwan da aka ba su ba.
Wannan wani labari ne gaba daya a Afghanistan, inda jami'an sojan Amurka, don amsa tambayoyin daga Jaridar Soja, suka ba da gudummawar bayanan jirgin sama na sama da ba a bayyana ba na 2016, har ma da gano nau'ikan jirgin saman Sojoji hudu da ke ba da taimakon iska a can. Kakakin Navy Kyaftin William Salvin, mai magana da yawun sojojin Amurka a Afghanistan, ya ce ban da Apach, akwai jirage masu saukar ungulu samfurin UH-60 Blackhawk da MQ-1 Gray Eagles, wadanda jirage ne marasa matuka. Da farko, Salvin ya nuna Sojojin RQ-7 Shadow drones suma suna dauke da makamai, amma daga baya ya gyara wannan bayanin.
MQ-1C Gray Eagle ya jagorantar horar da wutar lantarki a Fort Stewart, Jojiya. Sojoji suna amfani da wannan layin a cikin Afghanistan da kuma sauran fina-finai don gudanar da wani abu na ban da hankali tare da tattara bayanai.Dabiyyar bashi: Sgt. William Begley / Army
Salvin ya kuma bayyana cewa hare-haren da aka kai can - 1,071 duka na shekarar da ta gabata, ba 615 kamar yadda rundunar Sojan Sama ta bayar da rahoto a cikin matattarar bayanan ta ba - an kara sanya su ta bangarori uku: kariyar kai, magance ta'addanci da illolin dabaru, wanda ana iya bukata lokacin manyan kwamandoji sun yi imanin cewa wutar Amurka za ta iya taimakawa wajen juya akalar yankunan da ake ganin suna da matukar muhimmanci ga dorewar Afghanistan.
"Muna ƙoƙarin tabbatar da gaskiya a nan," in ji Army Brig. Janar Charles Cleveland, mai magana da yawun kamfanin Operation Resolute Support, wanda ya hada da kokarin da Amurka ke yi wajen horas da sojojin Afganistan da kuma iska. Wani raguwa, ƙaramin aiki a Afghanistan, wanda ake kira Freedom's Sentinel, ya ƙunshi kokarin da Amurka ke kaiwa kan ta'addanci a kan al-Qa'ida da magoya bayansa a wannan yanki.
"Abin da kuke magana game da shi shine shawarar da ya fi girma a manufofin da za ta fara a OSD," in ji Cleveland lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko wadannan rahotanni ya kamata su kasance duka. OSD na tsaye ne ga Ofishin Sakataren Tsaro. "Ya yiwu ya fi girma fiye da shawarar CENTCOM. Abin da kake magana game da shi shine fadin duniya saboda akwai kukan a AFRICOM. "
Umurnin Amurka na Afirka yana kula da yawancin ayyukan soja na yaki da ta'addanci a duk fadin nahiyar, don hada Somalia da Libya. Wadanda suke da tsayi ba a bayyana su ko yaushe.
Har ila yau, Cleveland ya jaddada cewa, {asar Amirka, a {asar Afghanistan, ta kasance wani ~ angare na} o} ari, a cikin shekaru 16th, don taimakawa, da tallafawa da kare rundunar {asar Afghanistan, tare da fatan za ta iya bayar da tsaro ga} asar. "Babbar ma'anar kullun," in ji general cewa, "daga wani, wani bangare ne na wani babban manufa."
Har yanzu ba a san dalilin da ya sa Sojojin suka kasance na musamman ba tare da fitar da alkaluman hare-hare ta sama daga wadannan taƙaitawa da rahotanni. Da aka iso ranar Asabar, wani mai magana da yawun hedkwatar rundunar a Washington ya ki cewa komai, yana mai cewa ba zai iya binciken lamarin ba a takaice.
Jami'in soja na Amurka wanda ya yi magana game da rashin sanarwa ya ce dashi saboda jirgin saman sojan ƙasa ya shiga cikin yankunan yaki ba su fada a karkashin umurnin Sojan Sama wanda ke da alhakin wallafa wannan taƙaitaccen kwanan nan.
Duk da haka, wannan ba ya amsa dalilin da yasa Sojojin ba su bayyana bayanan sa na farko ba.
Kenneth Roth, babban darakta na kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Human Rights Watch, kungiyar bincike da bayar da shawarwari, ya kira nuna gaskiya a matsayin muhimmaci wajen ba da lissafin sojoji. Wannan yana buƙatar "bayar da rahoto na gaskiya ga jama'a," in ji Roth.
Ya kara da cewa, "Tsaro na iya wani lokacin bukatar sirri," amma ya ba da kunya ko sanin ya kamata. Gaskiya game da yawan hare-haren sama da na fararen hula ya kamata a bayyana koyaushe cikin sauri da aminci don haka jama'a, tare da taimakon ma'aikatan kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam da 'yan jarida, na iya bincika ayyukan soja da ake gudanarwa da sunan su. ”
Andrew deGrandpre shine jaridar jaridar Times Times 'babban sakatare da babban jami'in hukumar Pentagon. A Twitter: @ausafafan. Shawn Snow marubucin ma'aikaci ne kuma editan Sojan 'editan Bird na Farko. A kan Twitter: @SnowSox184. Tare da ƙarin rahoto daga Babban Jami'in Air Force, Stephen Losey. A Twitter: @SuwanSuwan.
