Yara a Afghanistan - Kyautar hoto: cdn.pixabay.com
Daga Medea Benjamin da Nicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, Maris 25, 2021
A ranar 18 ga Maris, duniya ta bi da show na Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka Antony Blinken ya yi kakkausar lafazi ga manyan jami'an kasar Sin game da bukatar da China ke yi na mutunta “doka”. Madadin, Blinken gargadi, ita ce duniya da zata iya yin daidai, kuma "wannan zai zama mafi tsananin tashin hankali da rashin kwanciyar hankali duniya domin mu duka."
Blinken yana magana ne a fili daga kwarewa. Tun da Amurka ta ba da kyauta tare da Yarjejeniya Ta Duniya da kuma bin dokokin kasa da kasa don mamaye Kosovo, Afghanistan da Iraki, kuma ya yi amfani da karfin soja da kuma bangare guda takunkumin tattalin arziki a kan wasu ƙasashe da yawa, hakika ya sanya duniya ta zama mafi kisa, tashin hankali da rikici.
Lokacin da Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ƙi ba da albarkar sa ga cin zarafin da Amurka ta yi wa Iraki a 2003, Shugaba Bush ya yi wa Majalisar threatenedinkin Duniya barazanar da ita "Rashin dacewa." Daga baya ya nada John Bolton a matsayin Jakadan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, mutumin da ya shahara sau daya ya ce cewa, idan ginin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a New York "ya rasa labarai 10, ba zai haifar da da mai ido ba."
Amma bayan shekaru XNUMX na manufofin Amurka na waje guda wanda Amurka ta yi biris da tsari da keta dokar kasa da kasa, tare da barin yawan mutane, tashin hankali da hargitsi a halin da ake ciki, manufofin kasashen waje na Amurka na iya zuwa a karshe, a kalla a batun Afghanistan .
Sakatare Blinken ya dauki matakin da ba za a taba tsammani ba na yin kira ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da jagoranci tattaunawar don tsagaita wuta da sauyin siyasa a Afghanistan, tare da barin mamayar Amurka a matsayin mai shiga tsakani tsakanin gwamnatin Kabul da Taliban.
Don haka, bayan shekaru 20 na yaƙe-yaƙe da rashin bin doka, shin a ƙarshe Amurka a shirye take don ba “umarni bisa ƙa’idodi” damar cin nasara kan unilateralism na Amurka kuma “yana iya yin daidai,” maimakon kawai amfani da shi azaman cudgel na cudgel don lalatawa makiyanta?
Biden da Blinken da alama sun zabi yakin da Amurka ba ta karewa ba a Afghanistan a matsayin gwajin gwaji, duk da cewa sun ki amincewa da yarjejeniyar nukiliyar Obama da Iran, da kishi wajen kare matsayin Amurka a fili a matsayin mai shiga tsakani tsakanin Isra'ila da Falasdinu, kula da mummunan takunkumin tattalin arziki na Trump, sannan kuma ci gaba da keta dokar ƙasa da ƙasa da Amurka takeyi akan wasu ƙasashe.
Me ke faruwa a Afghanistan?
A watan Fabrairun 2020, gwamnatin Trump ta sanya hannu yarjejeniya tare da Taliban don janye sojojin Amurka da na NATO gaba daya daga Afghanistan zuwa 1 ga Mayu, 2021.
Kungiyar Taliban ta ki tattaunawa da gwamnatin da Amurka ke marawa baya a Kabul har sai da aka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar ficewar Amurka da NATO, amma da aka yi hakan, sai bangarorin Afghanistan suka fara tattaunawar sulhu a watan Maris din 2020. Maimakon su amince da cikakken tsagaita wuta a yayin tattaunawar , kamar yadda gwamnatin Amurka ta so, 'yan Taliban kawai sun amince ne da “rage tashe-tashen hankula” na mako guda.
Bayan kwanaki XNUMX, yayin da fada ke ci gaba tsakanin Taliban da gwamnatin Kabul, Amurka kuskuren da'awa cewa kungiyar Taliban tana karya yarjejeniyar da ta kulla da Amurka kuma ta sake dawo da ita tashin bamabamai.
Duk da fadan, gwamnatin Kabul da Taliban sun yi nasarar musayar fursunoni tare da ci gaba da tattaunawa a Qatar, wanda wakilin Amurka Zalmay Khalilzad ya shiga tsakani, wanda ya sasanta yarjejeniyar ficewar Amurka da Taliban. Amma tattaunawar ta samu ci gaba sannu a hankali, kuma a yanzu ga alama sun cimma matsaya.
Zuwan bazara a Afghanistan yawanci yakan kawo ƙaruwa a yakin. Ba tare da wata sabuwar tsagaita wuta ba, wani harin bazara na iya haifar da karin nasarorin yankin ga Taliban - wanda tuni controls aƙalla rabin Afghanistan.
Wannan tsammanin, haɗe tare da ranar ƙarshe ta Mayu na ƙarshe don sauran 3,500 US da sauran sojojin NATO 7,000, sun sa gayyatar Blinken zuwa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don jagorantar tsarin samar da zaman lafiya na kasa da kasa wanda zai hada da Indiya, Pakistan da abokan gaba na Amurka, China, Rasha da kuma, mafi mahimmanci, Iran.
Wannan tsari ya fara ne da taron akan Afghanistan a Moscow a ranar 18 zuwa 19 ga Maris, wanda ya hada wata tawaga mai wakilai 16 daga gwamnatin Afghanistan da ke samun goyon bayan Amurka a Kabul da masu tattaunawa daga Taliban, tare da wakilin Amurka Khalilzad da wakilai daga sauran kasashen.
Taron na Moscow aza harsashin ginin ga mafi girma Taron da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta jagoranta wanda za a yi a Istanbul a cikin watan Afrilu don tsara yadda za a tsagaita wuta, sauyin siyasa da yarjejeniyar raba madafun iko tsakanin gwamnatin da ke samun goyon bayan Amurka da Taliban.
Sakatare-Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Antonio Guterres ya nada Jean Arnault ne adam wata don jagorantar tattaunawar ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Arnault a baya yayi shawarwari game da ƙarshen zuwa Guatemalan Yakin basasa a shekarun 1990 da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tsakanin gwamnati da FARC a Colombia, kuma shi ne wakilin Sakatare Janar a Bolivia daga juyin mulkin 2019 har zuwa lokacin da za a yi sabon zabe a shekarar 2020. Arnault shi ma ya san Afghanistan, yana aiki a Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya zuwa Afghanistan daga 2002 zuwa 2006 .
Idan taron na Istanbul ya haifar da yarjejeniya tsakanin gwamnatin Kabul da Taliban, sojojin Amurka na iya zuwa gida wani lokaci a cikin watanni masu zuwa.
Shugaba Trump — da jinkiri yana kokarin ganin ya cika alkawarin da ya yi na kawo karshen wannan yaki wanda ba shi da iyaka - ya cancanci yabo don fara cikakken janye sojojin Amurka daga Afghanistan. Amma janyewa ba tare da cikakken shirin zaman lafiya ba zai kawo karshen yakin ba. Tsarin zaman lafiya da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ke jagoranta ya kamata ya ba mutanen Afghanistan kyakkyawar dama ta makomar zaman lafiya fiye da idan sojojin Amurka suka tafi tare da bangarorin biyu har yanzu suna cikin yaki, kuma rage damar samu sanya ta mata a tsawon waɗannan shekarun za a rasa.
An dauki shekaru 17 ana yakin kafin a kawo Amurka kan teburin tattaunawa da kuma wasu shekaru biyu da rabi kafin a shirye ta koma baya ta bar MDD ta jagoranci jagorancin tattaunawar zaman lafiya.
A mafi yawan wannan lokacin, Amurka ta yi ƙoƙarin kiyaye tunanin cewa za ta iya kayar da Taliban daga ƙarshe kuma ta “yi nasara” a yaƙin. Amma takaddun cikin Amurka sun buga ta wikileaks da rafi na rahotanni da kuma bincike ya bayyana cewa sojojin Amurka da shugabannin siyasa sun dade da sanin cewa ba za su iya cin nasara ba. Kamar yadda Janar Stanley McChrystal ya sanya shi, mafi kyawun abin da sojojin Amurka za su iya yi a Afghanistan shi ne "Laka tare."
Abin da hakan ke nufi a aikace shi ne faduwa dubban dubban na bama-bamai, kowace rana, kowace shekara, da kuma kai dubunnan hare-haren dare da cewa, mafi sau da yawa fiye da ba, kashe, raunata ko tsare marasa laifi.
Adadin wadanda suka mutu a Afghanistan din shine ba a sani ba. Mafi yawan Amurka airstrikes da kuma raids faruwa a wurare masu nisa, wuraren tsaunuka inda mutane ba su da wata hulɗa da ofishin kare haƙƙin bil adama na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Kabul da ke bincika rahotannin asarar rayukan fararen hula.
Hoton Fiona Frazer, Babban jami'in Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai kula da hakkin dan adam a Afghanistan, ya shaida wa BBC a shekarar 2019 cewa "… karin fararen hula da aka kashe ko jikkata a Afghanistan saboda rikici da makamai fiye da ko ina a duniya The. Alkaluman da aka buga kusan ba su nuna ainihin lahani . ”
Babu wani bincike mai tsanani na mace-mace da aka gudanar tun lokacin mamayewar Amurka a cikin 2001. atingaddamar da cikakken lissafi na kuɗin ɗan adam na wannan yaƙin ya kamata ya kasance wani ɓangare na aikin wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Arnault, kuma bai kamata mu yi mamaki ba idan, kamar Gaskiya Hukumar ya kula a Guatemala, ya bayyana adadin mutanen da suka mutu wanda ya ninka sau goma ko ashirin abin da aka faɗa mana.
Idan shirin Blinken na diflomasiyya ya yi nasarar karya wannan mummunar dabi'ar ta “lalatawa tare,” kuma ya kawo ma dangin zaman lafiya a Afghanistan, hakan zai kafa tarihi da kuma wani abin misali na nuna tashin hankali mara iyaka da rikice-rikicen yakin Amurka na bayan-9/11 a wasu ƙasashe.
Amurka ta yi amfani da karfin soji da takunkumi na tattalin arziki don lalata, kebewa ko kuma hukunta jerin kasashen da ke ci gaba a duniya, amma ba ta da sauran karfin kayar, sake daidaitawa da hada wadannan kasashe cikin daularsa ta mulkin mallaka, kamar yadda ta yi hakan ne a lokacin da take kan iyakar ikonta bayan yakin duniya na biyu. Rashin Amurka a Vietnam ya kasance canji ne na tarihi: ƙarshen zamanin daulolin sojan yamma.
Duk abin da Amurka za ta iya cimmawa a cikin kasashen da take mamaye ko kewaye da su a yau shi ne ta ci gaba da kasancewarsu a cikin jihohi daban-daban na talauci, tashin hankali da hargitsi - gutsutsuren gandun mulkin masarufi a karni na ashirin da daya.
Militaryarfin sojan Amurka da takunkumin tattalin arziki na ɗan lokaci na iya hana bama-bamai ko ƙasashe matalauta dawowa cikakken ikon mallakarsu ko cin gajiyar ayyukan ci gaban da China ke jagoranta Hanyar Belt da Road, amma shugabannin Amurka ba su da wata hanyar ci gaba da za ta ba su.
Mutanen Iran, Cuba, Koriya ta Arewa da Venezuela dole kawai su kalli Afghanistan, Iraq, Haiti, Libya ko Somalia don ganin inda dutsen da ke canjin canjin mulkin Amurka zai kai su.
Menene wannan?
Adam yana fuskantar ƙalubalen gaske da gaske a wannan karnin, daga taro nau'i na yanayin duniya ga hallaka na yanayi mai tabbatar da rayuwa wanda ya kasance muhimmin tarihin tarihin ɗan adam, yayin da gizagizai naman gizan nukiliya har yanzu yi mana barazana duka tare da lalacewar kawo karshen wayewa.
Alama ce ta fata cewa Biden da Blinken suna komawa ga halal, diflomasiyya ta bangarori da yawa game da batun Afghanistan, koda kuwa kawai saboda, bayan shekaru 20 na yaƙe-yaƙe, daga ƙarshe suna ganin diflomasiyya a matsayin makoma ta ƙarshe.
Amma zaman lafiya, diflomasiyya da dokar kasa da kasa bai kamata su zama makoma ta karshe ba, da za a yi kokarin sai lokacin da dimokradiyya da 'yan Republicans gaba daya za a tilasta musu yarda cewa babu wani sabon salon karfi ko tursasawa da zai yi aiki. Haka kuma bai kamata su zama wata hanya ce ta zagin shuwagabannin Amurka don wanke hannayensu daga wata matsalar ƙayayuwa ba kuma su miƙa ta azaman tsaran abinci mai guba don wasu su sha.
Idan har zaman lafiya karkashin jagorancin MDD Sakatare Blinken ya yi nasara kuma a karshe sojojin Amurka suka dawo gida, bai kamata Amurkawa su manta da Afghanistan a cikin watanni da shekaru masu zuwa ba. Ya kamata mu kula da abin da ke faruwa a can kuma mu koya daga gare ta. Kuma ya kamata mu tallafa wa gudummawar da Amurka ke bayarwa don agaji da taimakon ci gaban da jama'ar Afghanistan za su buƙaci shekaru masu zuwa.
Wannan shine yadda "tsarin bin ka'idoji" na duniya, wanda shugabannin Amurka ke son magana akai amma keta doka, ya kamata yayi aiki, tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta cika aikin ta na sasantawa da ƙasashe ɗaiɗaiku suka shawo kan bambance-bambance don tallafawa.
Wataƙila haɗin kai a kan Afghanistan na iya zama mahimmin mataki na haɓaka haɗin kan Amurka tare da China, Rasha da Iran wanda hakan na da mahimmanci idan har za mu warware manyan ƙalubalen da ke fuskantar mu duka.
Medea Biliyaminu shi ne mai haɓaka CODEPINK don Aminci, kuma marubucin littattafai da yawa, gami da A cikin Iran: Gaskiya da Tarihin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran.
Nicolas JS Davies ɗan jarida ne mai zaman kansa, mai bincike tare da CODEPINK kuma marubucin Blood On Our Hands: Ƙasar Amirka da Rushewar Iraq.
