daga TomDispatch, Yuni 13, 2019
Ya kusan kusan shekaru 18 na "iyaka"Yakin, mai kisan kai, da matsar da wuri of mutane, da hallaka na garuruwa… kun san labarin. Dukanmu muna yin… kinda… amma mafi yawan lokuta yana da labari ba tare da su. Ba zaka ji ba m murya. Suka suna da wuya a halarci duniya. Ina tunanin mutanen Afghanistan, Iraki, Siriya, Yemenis, Somaliya, Libyans, da sauransu wadanda suka kawo karshen yakin basasarmu. Haka ne, duk yanzu kuma sannan akwai wani yanki mai dadi a cikin kafofin watsa labarun Amurka, kamar yadda aka yi a kwanan nan a cikin wani binciken da aka gudanar ofishin bincike na jarrabawa da New York Times na kashe wani mahaifi da 'ya'yanta bakwai (ƙaramin shekaru hudu) a wata kauyen Afganistan da wani makami mai linzami na Amurka JDAM (kuma farkon Amurka ya musanta shi). Yana daya daga cikin tashi yawan na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na Amurka a fadin wannan kasa. A kowane ɓangaren, za ku iya ji muryar muryar mijinta, Masih Ur-Rahman Mubarez, wanda bai kasance a wurin ba lokacin da bam ya tashi kuma ya rayu don neman adalci ga iyalinsa. ("Muna da wata kalma: Tsayawa ga rashin adalci wani laifi ne, saboda haka zan yada murya a cikin duniya, zan yi magana da kowa da kowa, ko'ina, ba zan yi shiru ba amma wannan ita ce Afghanistan. ba, har yanzu za mu ta da murya ba. ")
Kullum magana, duk da haka, lokacin da Amirkawa ke ciyarwa a rayuwar waɗanda ke cikin ƙasashe, a cikin wannan karni, mun kasance irin wannan hannun don juyawa zuwa gagarumar rashin nasara ko jihohin jihohin ƙananan kaɗan ne. Sau da yawa zan yi tunani game da batun TomDispatch yana rufe kusan shi kadai a cikin wadannan shekarun: hanyar, tsakanin 2001 da 2013, iska ta iska ta Amurka ta shafe bukukuwan aure a kasashe uku a fadin Tsakiyar Gabas ta Tsakiya: Afghanistan, Iraq, da Yemen. (Yin amfani da jiragen saman Amurka da makamai, Saudis suna da ci gaba irin wannan mummunar fashewar 'yan shekarun nan a Yemen.)
Wataƙila baku manta ko da bikin aure ɗaya da yaƙin Amurka ya shafe - ainihin lambar aƙalla takwas - kuma ban zarge ku ba saboda basu sami kulawa sosai a nan ba. Exceptionaya daga cikin banda: tabloid mallakar Murdoch, da New York Post, gaban-aikata wani jirgin ruwa a kan wani caravan na motoci zuwa ga wani bikin aure a Yemen a 2013 tare da wannan labarin "Bride da Boom!"
Kullum ina tunanin abin da zai faru idan wani al-Qaeda ko kuma ISIS-wahayi zuwa wani mai kashe kansa ya kashe wani bikin aure Amurka a nan, kashe amarya ko ango, baƙi, har ma masu kida (kamar yadda-Marine-Major Janar James Mattis's sojojin yi a Iraki a 2004). Ka san amsar: za a yi la'akari da hankular 24 / 7 da aka yi da annoba, ciki har da tambayoyi tare da masu kuka, labaran bayanan kowane irin, tunawa, bukukuwan, da dai sauransu. Amma idan muka kasance masu hallaka, ba lalacewa ba, labarai na tafiya a cikin haske (idan a kowane lokaci), kuma rayuwa (a nan) ta ci gaba, to me yasa TomDispatch yau da kullum Matsayin Laura Gottesdiener a yau shine, a ganina, don haka na musamman. Tana yin daidai da abin da sauran kafofin watsa labaranmu ba safai suke yi ba: tana bayar da sautin mara kyau na samari masu gwagwarmayar samar da zaman lafiya a Iraki - shin har ma kun san cewa akwai samari 'yan gwagwarmaya na zaman lafiya na Iraki? - suna tattaunawa game da rayuwar da mamayar Amurka da mamayar ƙasarsu ta shafa cikin 2003. Tom
Wasu 'yan gwagwarmaya ta Iraqi guda biyu sun fuskanci duniya
Kamar yadda Kwamandan Jihohi ya yi yaƙi, Iraqi sun shirya Carnival don Aminci
By Laura GottesdienerAkwai kullun da ke faruwa a Baghdad kwanakin nan. Noof Assi, wani mai kula da zaman lafiya na Iraqi 30 da ma'aikacin agajin jin kai, ya gaya mini ta waya. Tattaunawarmu ta faru ne a cikin watan Mayun da ya gabata bayan da gwamnatin Turi ta sanar cewa zai kara 1,500 karin sojojin Amurka zuwa ga garuruwan Gabas ta Tsakiya.
"Iran tana son yin yaki don samun Amurka da Saudi Arabia daga Iraki," ta fara. "Kuma {asar Amirka na so ta yi yunkurin kawo Iran daga {asar Iraki." Ta yi ta hanzari sosai. "To yaya yayanmu Iraqis suka bar Iraki don su iya yin yaki a kansu?"
Assi yana daga cikin 'yan shekarun Iraqi wadanda suka rayu a mafi yawan rayuwansu a karkashin mulkin Amurka na kasar, sannan kuma ta hanyar mummunar tashin hankalin da ya samo asali, ciki har da tashin ISIS, kuma yanzu suna fuskantar yunkuri na Washington a kan Tehran. Ba za su iya fahimtar cewa, idan rikice-rikice ya ɓace, Iraqi za su iya samun kansu a cikin tsakiyar yankunan.
A watan Fabrairu, Shugaba Trump ya tayar da hankali ta hanyar da'awar cewa Amurka za ta ci gaba da kasancewar sojojinta - 5,200 sojojin - da tashar jirgin saman al-Asad a cikin Iraki don “watch Iran. "A watan Mayu, Gwamnatin Jihar a lokacin ba zato ba tsammani duk ma'aikatan gwamnati ba tare da gaggawa su fita daga Iraki ba, suna maida hankali game da barazanar "ayyukan Iran". (Wannan abin da ake kira hankali ya hanzarta saba wa juna da mataimakin kwamandan rundunar sojojin Birtaniya na kungiyar ISIS wanda ya yi ikirarin cewa "ba a samu barazanar barazana ga sojojin Iran a Iraki da Siriya ba." Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan haka, wani rukuni sauko da lalacewa a cikin Baghdad babban birnin Green Green, wanda ke gina ofishin jakadancin Amurka. Firayim Ministan Iraqi Adel Abdul Mahdi ya sanar da cewa zai aika wakilan zuwa Washington da Tehran don kokarin "dakatar da tashin hankali, "Yayin dubban talakawa Iraqi rallied a Baghdad don nuna rashin amincewarsu game da yiwuwar kasar su sake komawa cikin rikici.
Yawancin kafofin watsa labaran Amurka da suka shafi tashin hankali na Amurka da Iran a cikin wadannan makonni, tare da "intel" wanda ba a san su ba, sunyi kama da jagorancin da aka kai wa harin na 2003 na Iraq. Kamar yadda kwanan nan Al Jazeera yanki - taken "Shin kafofin watsa labaran Amurka suna bugawa Iran din karan gangarowa?" - sanya shi a hankali: “A 2003, Iraq ce. A 2019, Iran ce. ”
Abin baƙin cikin shine, a cikin shekaru 16 da ke faruwa, asirin Amurka na Iraki bai inganta ba. Hakika, Iraki suna da yawa a cikin aikin. A lokacin da, alal misali, Amirkawa ke ji game da irin yadda] aliban mata na {asar Iraki ke da iko, mafi girma a Iraki, da kuma Mosul, da aka jefa bom, da kuma mayar da su daga ISIS a 2017, sun shirya don sake farfado da ɗakin karatu na ɗakin karatu na zamani a Jami'ar Mosul, wanda 'yan kungiyar ISIS suka yi rudani a lokacin da suke zaune a birnin; ko yadda litattafai da masu wallafa suna farkawaBirnin Baghdad da ke da mashahuri a kan Mutanabbi Street, wanda wani bam din mota ya hallaka a 2007; ko yadda, kowace Satumba, dubban dubban na matasa a yanzu sun taru a duk fadin Iraq don bikin Ranar Zaman Lafiya - wani bikin da aka fara shekaru takwas da suka gabata a Baghdad a matsayin kirkirar Noof Assi da abokin aikinta, Zain Mohammed, mai shekaru 31 mai fafutukar neman zaman lafiya wanda kuma shine mamallakin gidan abincin da kuma filin wasan kwaikwayo?
A wasu kalmomi, ba da yardarwa ba ne cewa Amurka ta yarda dalla-dalla na Iraqi da ke yaki a can ba zai yiwu ba.
Assi da Mohammed suna da masaniya ba kawai ga irin wannan mummunan wakilcin ƙasarsu a kasarmu ba, amma gaskiyar cewa Iraki kamar su sun rasa aiki a fahimtar Amurka. Sun kasance da mamaki, a gaskiya, cewa Amirkawa na iya haifar da irin lalacewa da ciwo a cikin ƙasa da suka ci gaba da sani sosai.
"Shekaru da suka wuce, na tafi Amurka a kan shirin musayarwa kuma na gano mutane basu san wani abu game da mu ba. Wani ya tambaye ni idan na yi amfani da raƙumi na sufuri, "in ji Assi. "Saboda haka sai na koma Iraki kuma na yi tunani cewa: Ka damu! Dole ne mu fada wa duniya game da mu. "
A ƙarshen watan Mayu, na yi magana da Assi da Mohammed dabam ta hanyar tarho a cikin harshen Ingilishi game da tashin tashin hankali na wani yakin Amurka a Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma ayyukan da suka shafi zaman lafiya na shekaru 20 da nufin kawar da tashin hankali da aka yi na yakin da Amurka ta yi a kasar su biyu . Da ke ƙasa, Na shirya da kuma warware tambayoyi na waɗannan abokantaka guda biyu domin Américawa su ji wasu muryoyin daga Iraki, suna ba da labari game da rayuwarsu da kuma sadaukar da kansu ga zaman lafiya a cikin shekaru bayan mamaye kasarsu a 2003.
Laura Gottesdiener:Mene ne ya fara wahayi zuwa gare ku don fara aikin zaman lafiya?
Zain Mohammed:A karshen 2006, a ranar Disamba 6th, al-Qaeda- [a Iraki, wanda ya zama ISIS] ya kashe mahaifina. Mu kananan yara ne: Ni da mahaifiyata da 'yan'uwa mata biyu. Abubuwan da aka ba ni iyakance ne kawai zuwa zaɓuɓɓuka biyu Na yi shekaru 19. Na gama karatun sakandare. Saboda haka yanke shawara shi ne: Dole ne in yi hijira ko kuma na zama ɓangare na tsarin 'yan bindigar kuma zan yi fansa. Wannan shi ne salon rayuwa a Baghdad a lokacin. Mun yi hijira zuwa Damascus [Syria]. Nan da nan, bayan kimanin watanni shida, lokacin da rubutunmu ya kasance kusan shirye mu mu yi tafiya zuwa Kanada, sai na gaya wa mahaifiyata, "Ina so in koma Baghdad. Ba na so in gudu. "
Na koma Bagadaza a karshen 2007. Akwai wani babban bama-bamai a Karrada, wani ɓangare na birnin inda nake zaune. Abokanmu da ni na yanke shawarar yin wani abu don gaya wa abokanmu cewa dole muyi aiki tare don inganta zaman lafiya. Saboda haka, a ranar Disamba na 21st, a Ranar Aminci ta Duniya, mun gudanar da wani karamin taron a daidai lokacin da fashewar ta faru. A 2009, na karbi karatun zuwa Jami'ar Amirka a Sulaymaniyah don wani taron bitar game da zaman lafiya kuma muna kallon fim din game da Ranar Lafiya. A karshen fim ɗin, akwai walƙiya daga wuraren da ke da yawa daga ko'ina cikin duniya kuma, don kawai na biyu, akwai abubuwan da muka faru a Karrada. Wannan fim din mai ban mamaki ne a gare ni. Sakon ne. Na koma Baghdad kuma na yi magana da ɗaya daga cikin abokaina wanda aka kashe mahaifinsa. Na gaya masa yana da tsari: Idan shi Shi'a ne, 'yan Shi'a za su karbi shi don yin fansa; idan ya kasance Sunni, za a kama shi da wani mayakan Sunni ko al-Qaeda don yin fansa. Na gaya masa: dole ne mu ƙirƙiri wani zaɓi na uku. Ta wani zaɓi na uku, Ina nufin wani zaɓi sai dai fada ko motsi.
Na yi magana da Noof kuma ta ce dole mu tara matasa da kuma shirya taron. "Amma menene ma'anar?" Na tambaye ta. Abin da muke da shi shi ne wannan ra'ayi na zaɓi na uku. Ta ce: "Dole ne mu tattara matasa da kuma ganawa don yanke shawarar abin da za mu yi."
Babu Assi: Lokacin da aka fara gina Baghdad, an kira shi birnin salama. Lokacin da muka fara magana da mutane, kowa ya yi dariya a gare mu. A birnin Peace Peace a Baghdad? Ba za su taba faruwa ba, sun ce. A wannan lokacin, babu abubuwan da suka faru, babu abin da ya faru a wuraren shakatawa.
Zain:Kowa ya ce: kai mahaukaci ne, har yanzu muna cikin yaƙi…
Noof:Ba mu da wani kudade, saboda haka muka yanke shawarar bari fitilu fitilu, tsaya a kan tituna, kuma mu gaya wa mutane cewa ana kiran birnin Baghdad City of Peace. Amma sai muka girma cikin ƙungiyar 50, don haka muka halicci wani karamin bikin. Muna da kasafin kuɗi. Muna satar kayan aiki daga ofishinmu kuma muna amfani da firinta a can.
Sa'an nan kuma muka yi tunani: Na'am, mun yi magana, amma ban tsammanin mutane za su so su ci gaba ba. Amma yaron ya dawo gare mu ya ce, "Mun ji dadin shi. Bari mu sake yi. "
Laura:Ta yaya bikin ya fara tun daga lokacin?
Noof:A shekarar farko, a kusa da mutanen 500 sun zo kuma mafi yawansu sun kasance iyalai ne ko dangi. Yanzu, mutane 20,000 suna halartar bikin. Amma ra'ayinmu ba kawai game da bikin ba ne, yana da game da duniya da muke kirkiro ta wurin bikin. Mun yi duk abin da komai daga karce. Ko da kayan ado: akwai ƙungiyar da ta sa kayan ado ta hannu.
Zain: A 2014, mun sami sakamako na farko lokacin da ISIS da wannan shit suka sake faruwa, amma a wannan lokacin, a matakin zamantakewa, kungiyoyin kungiyoyi sun fara aiki tare, tattara kudi da tufafi ga mutanen da aka sanya gudun hijira. Kowane mutum yana aiki tare. Ya ji kamar haske.
Noof:Yanzu, bikin ya faru a Basra, Samawah, Diwaniyah, da Baghdad. Kuma muna fatan ci gaba zuwa Najaf da Sulaymaniyah. A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, muna aiki don samar da matasan farko a Bagadaza, Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta IQ, wanda ke gida zuwa kungiyoyi daban-daban: Jazz club, kodayake kulob din, kulob din dabbobi, kulob din rubutu. Muna da 'yan mata da' yan mata don tattauna batutuwa a cikin birnin.
Zain:Muna da kalubale masu yawa na kudi saboda mun kasance matasan matasa. Ba mu kasance ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na NGO ba, kuma ba mu so muyi aiki kamar NGO na yau da kullum.
Laura:Me game da sauran kokarin zaman lafiya a cikin birni?
Noof:A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, mun fara ganin yawancin ƙungiyoyin da ke kusa da Baghdad. Bayan shekaru da yawa na ganin kawai 'yan wasan makamai, yaƙe-yaƙe, da sojoji, matasa suna so su gina wani hoto na birnin. Saboda haka, a yanzu, muna da ƙungiyoyi masu yawa game da ilimin, kiwon lafiya, nishaɗi, wasanni, marathons, shafukan kula. Akwai wani motsi da ake kira "Ni Iraqi, na iya karantawa." Wannan ita ce babban bikin ga littattafai. Musayar ko shan littattafai kyauta ne ga kowa da kowa kuma suna kawo marubuta da marubuta don shiga littattafai.
Laura:Wannan ba daidai ba ne hoton da na yi tunanin yawancin jama'ar Amirka suna tuna lokacin da suke tunanin Baghdad.
Noof: Wata rana, ni da Zain sun gundura a cikin ofishi, don haka muka fara Googling hotuna daban-daban. Mun ce, "Bari mu Google Iraq." Kuma dukkan hotunan yaƙin ne. Mun Googled Baghdad: Abu iri ɗaya. Daga nan sai muka shiga wani abu - ya shahara a duniya - Zakin Babila [wani tsohon mutum-mutumi], kuma abin da muka gano hoton tanki ne na Rasha da Iraki ta ci gaba a lokacin mulkin Saddam [Hussein] wanda suka sanya wa Zakin Babila.
Ni dan Iraki ne kuma ina Mesopotamian tare da wannan tarihin. Mun ci gaba da zama a cikin gari wanda ya tsufa kuma inda duk wuraren da kowane titin da kuka wuce, yana da tarihinsa, amma kafofin watsa labaru na duniya ba sa magana game da abin da ke faruwa a kan tituna. Suna mayar da hankali kan abin da 'yan siyasa suke fadawa kuma suna barin sauran. Ba su nuna ainihin hoton ƙasar ba.
Laura:Ina so in tambaye ku game da karuwar tashin hankali tsakanin Amurka da Iran, da kuma yadda mutane a Iraki ke amsawa. Na san kuna da matsalolinku na ciki, don haka duk abin da Tweets Tweets a kan wata rana bazai zama babban labari a gare ku ba…
Noof:Abin takaici, shi ne.
Musamman tun daga 2003, 'yan Iraki ba su kasance masu iko da ƙasarmu ba. Ko gwamnati yanzu, ba ma so, amma ba wanda ya taba tambayar mu. Har yanzu muna biyan diyyarmu yayin - yayin da nake karanta wata kasida game da wannan a 'yan watannin da suka gabata - Paul Bremer yanzu yana koyar da wasan motsa jiki da kuma rayuwarsa mai sauki bayan lalata kasarmu. [A 2003, gwamnatin Bush ta nada Bremer a matsayin shugaban kungiyar wucin gadi ta hadin gwiwa, wacce ta mamaye Iraki bayan mamayar Amurka kuma ke da alhakin mummunan hukuncin da aka yanke na rusa rundunar Saddam Hussein mai mulkin Iraqi.]
Laura:Me kuke tunani game da labarai cewa Amurka na shirin shirya 1,500 karin sojoji zuwa gabas ta tsakiya?
Zain: Idan har sun kai ga Iraqi, inda muke da yawa daga cikin 'yan ta'addancin Iran, ina jin tsoro zai iya zama karo. Ba na son karo. A cikin yakin da ke tsakanin Amurka da Iran, watakila wasu sojoji za a kashe, amma da yawa daga cikin farar hula na Iraqi za su kasance, kai tsaye kuma a kaikaice. Gaskiya, duk abin da ya faru tun lokacin 2003 ba abin mamaki ba ne a gare ni. Me yasa Amurka ta mamaye Iraki? Kuma sai suka ce sun so su bar kuma a yanzu suna so su dawo? Ba zan iya fahimtar abin da Amurka ke yi ba.
Noof:Turi ne dan kasuwa, saboda haka yana damu da kudi da kuma yadda zai kashe shi. Ba zai yi wani abu ba sai dai idan ya tabbata cewa zai samu wani abu a cikin sake.
Laura:Wannan ya tunatar da ni game da hanyar tayi amfani da rikice-rikice a cikin yankin domin ya kewaye Congress kuma tura ta dalar Amurka $ 8 da makamai da Saudi Arabia da Ƙasar Larabawa.
Noof:Daidai. Ina nufin, yana buƙatar Iraki ya biya Amurka saboda kudaden da Amurka take yi a Iraki. Kuna iya tunanin? Wannan shine yadda yake tunani.
Laura:A cikin wannan tashin hankali, menene sakonka ga gwamnatin Trump - da kuma jama'ar Amurka?
Zain:Ga gwamnatin Amurka, zan iya cewa, a kowane yaƙe-yaƙe, ko da kun ci nasara, ku rasa wani abu: kuɗi, mutane, fararen hula, labarai… Dole ne mu ga ɓangaren yaƙi. Kuma na tabbata za mu iya yin abin da muke so ba tare da yaƙi ba. Ga jama'ar Amurka: Ina tsammanin sakona shi ne turawa daga yaƙi, har ma da yaƙin tattalin arziki.
Noof:Ga gwamnatin Amurka zan gaya musu: don Allah a tuna da ku. Bar sauran duniya kadai. Ga jama'ar Amirka, zan gaya musu: Yi hakuri, na san yadda kuke jin kasancewa a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar Trump. Na zauna a karkashin mulkin Saddam. Har yanzu ina tunawa. Ina da abokin aiki, ta Amurka, kuma ranar Juriya ta lashe zaben sai ta zo cikin ofishin kuka. Kuma wani Siriya kuma ina cikin ofishin tare da ita kuma muka gaya mata: "Mun kasance a can a can. Za ku tsira. "
A watan Satumba na 21st, Noof Assi, Zain Mohammed, da kuma dubban sauran 'yan Iraqi matasan za su taru a filin jiragen ruwa na Tigris don yin bikin Birnin Baghdad na shekara ta takwas na Carnival Crisival. A {asar Amirka, a halin yanzu, zamu kusan zama a ƙarƙashin jagorancin yakin basasa na yau da kullum (idan ba yaki ba) tare da Iran, Venezuela, Koriya ta Arewa, kuma Allah ya san inda kuma. Rahotanni na Reuters / Ipsos a cikin 'yan jarida shows cewa Amurkawa suna ƙara ganin wani yaƙi a Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar yadda babu makawa, tare da fiye da rabin waɗanda aka tambaya suna cewa “mai yiwuwa ne” ko kuma “da alama” ƙasarsu za ta tafi yaƙi da Iran “a cikin fewan shekaru masu zuwa.” Amma kamar yadda Noof da Zain suka sani sarai, yana yiwuwa koyaushe a sami wani zaɓi…
Laura Gottesdiener, a TomDispatch yau da kullum, ɗan jarida mai zaman kanta ne kuma tsohon Democracy Now! wanda ke samar da kayayyaki a yanzu haka a arewacin Lebanon.
