By Nick Turse, TomDispatch
Kada kuyi tunanin faduwar "magudanar fadama" ta fara ne akan hanyar kamfen tare da Donald Trump. Ba haka ba ne, kodayake “fadamar” da za a malalo a kwanakin bayan harin 9/11 ba a Washington ba; ta duniya ce. Tabbas, tsohon tarihi kenan, sama da shekaru 15 kenan. Wanene ya tuna da wannan lokacin, kodayake har yanzu muna rayuwa tare da faɗuwarsa - tare da daruruwan dubbai sun mutu da miliyoyin 'yan gudun hijira, tare da Islama da ISIS, tare da Shugaba-zaɓaɓɓen Trump, ya yi ritaya Laftanar Janar Michael Flynn, da yawa Kara?
A cikin tashin hankali wanda ba shi da iyaka ga ɗayan yaƙe-yaƙe mafi girma a tarihin Amurka, mamayewar 2003 da mamaye Iraki, yana da wuya a yi tunanin wata duniya amma wacce muke da ita, wanda ya sa ya zama da sauƙi a manta abin da manyan jami'an Bush Gwamnatin ta yi tunanin za su cimma nasara tare da "Yakin Duniya kan Ta'addanci." Wanene ya tuna a yanzu yadda sauri da farin ciki suka shiga aikin kawar da wannan guguwa ta kungiyoyin ta'addanci (yayin fitar da Taliban sai me "rashin iyawa”Tsarin mulkin Iraqi na Saddam Hussein)? Babban burinsu: mulkin mallaka na Amurka a cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya mafi girma (kuma daga baya ya zama na duniya Pax Americana). Sun kasance, a wata ma'anar, masu mafarin yanayin yanki na farko.
Kusan mako guda bayan 9 / 11, Sakataren Tsaro Donald Rumsfeld ya riga ya kasance rantsuwa cewa yakin duniya da ke zuwa zai "fadama dausayin da suke rayuwa a ciki." Bayan mako guda kawai, a taron NATO, Mataimakin Sakataren Tsaro Paul Wolfowitz nace cewa, "yayin da za mu yi kokarin nemo kowane maciji a cikin daushen, mahimmin dabarun yana sharar fadamar [kanta]." A watan Yuni mai zuwa, a cikin jawabin farawa a West Point, Shugaba George W. Bush zai yi Magana da alfahari game da burin da gwamnatinsa take da shi na fadada wancan fadamar “Kwayoyin ta'addanci” a cikin tsawan “60 ko fiye kasashe.”
Kamar Washington don Donald Trump, hakan ya tabbatar da mafi dacewa da fadama don tunanin malalewa. Ga manyan jami'an gwamnatin Bush da suka fara yakin duniya a kan ta'addanci ya zama kamar cikakkiyar hanya ce ta sauya yanayin duniyarmu - kuma, a wata ma'ana, ba su yi kuskure ba. Kamar yadda ya faru, kodayake, maimakon yashe gulbin ruwa da mamayar su da ayyukan su, sai suka dunkule zuwa ɗaya. Yaƙin da suke yi da ta'addanci zai tabbatar da wani unending bala'i, samar da kasa ko kasawa jihohi shiga tare da taimakawa samar da kyakkyawan yanayin rudani da fushi wanda kungiyoyin masu kaifin kishin Islama, ciki har da ISIS, za su iya yin bunkasuwa.
Hakanan ya canza yanayin sojojin Amurka ta hanyar da yawancin Amurkawa har yanzu ba su sani ba. Godiya ga wannan yaƙin na dindindin a duk yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma daga baya na Afirka, za a inganta sojan na biyu na ɓoye wanda ya ba da mamaki gwargwadon ƙarfin sojojin Amurka na yanzu, manyan hafsoshin manyan kwamandojin Ayyuka na Musamman. Su ne waɗanda aƙalla bisa ka'ida, za su zama magudanan ruwa masu fadama. TomDispatch yau da kullum Nick Turse ya dade yana bibiyar ci gaban su da kuma yawan tura su gaba daya a duniya - daga, kamar yadda ya bayar da rahoto a yau, kasashe 60 da suka riga suka fi birgewa a shekara ta 2009 zuwa wata kasaitacciyar kasa ta 138 a shekarar 2016. Wadancan masu aikin na musamman za su horar da kuma ba da shawara ga kawancen sojojin, yayin kaddamar da hare-hare da kai hare-hare kan 'yan ta'adda a wani yanki mai mahimmamci na duniya (gami da, kwaskwarimar Osama bin Laden a Abbottabad, Pakistan, a 2011). A yayin wannan, za a kafa su ta hanyoyi da yawa, duk da cewa kungiyoyin ta'addancin da suke fada suna ci gaba da yaduwa.
Wataƙila kana iya cewa ba sa yin tokar kamar yadda magudanar ruwan ta yi kyau A yau, yayin da muke kusantar sabon zamanin Donald Trump, Turse yana ba da sabon rahotonsa game da tashe tashensu da kuma makomar rayuwa. Tom
Shekarar Commando
Specialungiyoyin Musanya na Musamman na Amurka suna nuna ƙarfi ga 138 Nations, 70% na ƙasashen Duniya
By Nick TurseAna iya samun su a bayan garin Sirte, Libya, tallafawa mayaƙan soji na cikin gida, da cikin Mukalla, Yemen, masu marawa sojoji baya daga Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. A Saakow, wani yanki mai nisa daga kudu Somalia, sun taimakawa kwamandojin cikin gida wajen kashe mambobin kungiyar ta’adda ta al-Shabab da yawa. Kewayen biranen Jarabulus da Al-Rai a arewacin Syria, sun yi kawance tare da sojojin Turkiya da kuma sojojin Siriya, yayin da suke saka hannu tare da mayakan Kurdawa na YPG da Siriya Democratic Forces. A ƙetaren iyakar Iraki, har ila yau wasu sun shiga yakin kwato birnin Mosul. Kuma a cikin Afghanistan, sun taimaka wa sojojin igenan asalin ƙasa cikin manufa daban-daban, kamar dai yadda suke a kowace shekara tun daga 2001.
Ga Amurka, 2016 na iya zama shekarar commando. A wani yanki na rikici daya bayan daya a fadin arewacin Afirka da kuma Gabas ta Tsakiya, Dakarun Aiki na Musamman na Amurka (SOF) sun yi takaddama ta musamman na yakin basasa. "Lashe yakin a halin yanzu, gami da daular Islama, al-Qaeda, da sauran wuraren da SOF ke cikin rikici da rashin zaman lafiya, babban kalubale ne nan take," in ji babban kwamandan Aikin Musamman na Amurka (SOCOM), Janar Raymond Thomas, ya gaya Kwamitin Ayyuka na Majalisar Dattawa a shekarar da ta gabata.
Yakin da inuwar SOCOM ke yi da kungiyoyin ta'addanci kamar al-Qaeda da Islamic State (wanda kuma aka sani da ISIL) na iya, zama abin birgewa, ya zama aikin da yake a bayyane. Abubuwan da aka rufe cikin mahimmancin ɓoye shine ayyukanta - daga tayar da hankali da yunƙurin shaye shaye zuwa ga horo mai ƙarewa da ba da shawara game da manufa - a waje da wuraren da aka yarda da rikice-rikice a duk faɗin duniya. Ana gudanar da waɗannan ba tare da annashuwa ba, ɗaukar hoto, ko sa ido a yawancin ƙasashe kowace rana. Daga Albania zuwa Uruguay, Algeria zuwa Uzbekistan, manyan sojojin Amurka - Navy SEALs da Army Green Berets daga cikinsu - an tura su zuwa kasashe 138 a cikin 2016, bisa ga alkaluman da aka bayar TomDispatch ta Umurnin Ayyuka na Musamman na Amurka. Wannan jimillar, ɗayan mafi girman ƙarancin shugabancin Barack Obama, tana nuna abin da ya zama zamanin zinare, a cikin SOF-magana, “yankin toka” - jumlar da aka yi amfani da ita don bayyana mummunan duhun dare tsakanin yaƙi da zaman lafiya. Wataƙila shekara mai zuwa alama ce ta cewa wannan zamanin ya ƙare da Obama ko kuma zai ci gaba a ƙarƙashin zaɓaɓɓen shugaban ƙasar Donald Trump.
"A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, mun shaida yanayi mai banbanci da ci gaban da ya kunshi: fitowar kasar Sin mai daukar nauyin soja; wani Koriya ta Arewa da ba a iya hango ta ba; Rasha ta sake yin barazana ga bukatunmu a Turai da Asiya; da kuma Iran wacce ke ci gaba da fadada tasirinta a Gabas ta Tsakiya, wanda ke kara rura wutar rikicin Sunni-Shia, ”Janar Thomas ya rubuta a watan da ya gabata. PRISM, mujallar hukuma ta Pentagon's Center for Complex Operations. "'Yan wasan da ke nuna rashin fahimta suna kara rikita wannan yanayin ta hanyar amfani da' yan ta'adda, masu aikata laifi, da masu tayar da kayar baya wadanda ke lalata shugabanci a dukkan jihohi amma jihohi masu karfi.
A cikin 2016, bisa ga bayanan da aka bayar ga TomDispatch ta SOCOM, Amurka ta tura masu aiki na musamman zuwa China (musamman Hong Kong), ban da kasashe goma sha ɗaya da ke kewaye da ita - Taiwan (wanda China ke ɗaukar yanzunnan lardin), Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, India, Laos, Philippines, Koriya ta Kudu, da Japan. Umurnin Ayyuka na Musamman bai yarda da aika kwamandoji zuwa Iran, Koriya ta Arewa, ko Rasha ba, amma tana tura sojoji zuwa ƙasashe da yawa waɗanda ke kiran su.
SOCOM yana son yin suna kawai 129 na ƙasashe na 138 da aka tura dakarunta a cikin 2016. "Kusan dukkanin rundunonin Sojoji na musamman ana kera su," in ji mai magana da yawun Ken McGraw TomDispatch. "Idan ba a bayyana tura wasu mutane zuwa wata takamaiman kasa ba, to ba ma fitar da bayanai game da tura sojojin."
SOCOM ba ta, alal misali, amincewa da aika dakaru zuwa wuraren yaƙi Somalia, Syria, ko Yemen, duk da kwararan hujjoji na kasancewar Amurka ta musamman a dukkanin kasashe uku, kazalika da rahoton Fadar White House, da aka bayar a watan da ya gabata, cewa bayanin kula "A halin yanzu Amurka tana amfani da karfin soja a cikin Somalia, Siriya, da Yemen, kuma ta ce musamman" sojojin aiyukana na musamman na Amurka sun tura su Siriya. "
Dangane da Dokar Ayyuka na Musamman, kashi 55.29% na masu aiki na musamman da aka tura ƙasashen waje a cikin 2016 an aika su zuwa Gabas ta Tsakiya mafi girma, raguwar 35% tun 2006. Fiye da lokaci ɗaya, turawa zuwa Afirka skyrocketed ta fiye da 1600% - daga kashi 1% na masu aiki na musamman da aka aika a wajen Amurka a cikin 2006 zuwa 17.26% a bara. Waɗannan yankuna biyun sun biyo bayan yankunan da Umurnin Turai (12.67%), Pacific Command (9.19%), Command Southern (4.89%), da Command na Arewa (0.69%), waɗanda ke kula da "tsaron gida." A kowace rana, ana iya samun kusan kwamandojin 8,000 na Thomas a cikin kasashe sama da 90 a duk duniya.
The Manhunters
"Dakarun musamman na aiki suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tattara bayanan sirri - bayanan leken asirin da ke tallafawa ayyukan a kan ISIL da kuma taimakawa wajen magance kwararar mayaka daga kasashen waje zuwa Syria da Iraki," ya ceLisa Monaco, mai taimakawa shugaban kasa kan harkokin tsaron cikin gida da kuma yaki da ta’addanci, a cikin jawabai a taron kasa da kasa na musamman runduna ta musamman a shekarar da ta gabata. Irin waɗannan ayyukan leken asirin ana “gudanar da su ne kai tsaye don tallafawa ayyukan ayyuka na musamman,” Thomas na SOCOM bayyana a shekara ta 2016. "An fi dacewa da kadarorin leken asiri na musamman na ayyukan sirri don gano mutane, haskaka hanyoyin abokan gaba, fahimtar muhallinsu, da tallafawa abokan hulda."
Alamar sigina daga komputa da wayoyin salula na kasashen waje wadanda ke shigo dasu ko tsoma baki ta hanyar jirage marasa matuka da jirage masu saukar ungulu, da kuma leken asirin mutane da Hukumar Leken Asiri ta CIA (CIA) ta bayar, sun kasance masu mahimmamn ci wa mutane kai don kisan / kamawa daga manyan dakaru na SOCOM. Babban kwamandan Ayyuka na Musamman na hadin gwiwa (JSOC), misali, yana aiwatar da irin waɗannan ayyukan ta'addanci, gami da drone bugawa, hare hare, Da kuma kisan kai a wurare kamar Iraki da Libya. Shekaran da ya gabata, kafin ya canza canjin umarnin JSOC da na iyayenta, SOCOM, Janar Thomas ya lura cewa membobin Kwamitin Gudanar da Ayyuka na Musamman suna aiki a "duk ƙasashen da ISIL ke zaune a halin yanzu." (Wannan na iya nuna na musamman ops tura zuwa Pakistan, wata ƙasa ba ta cikin jerin sunayen SOCOM na 2016.)
“[W] e sun sanya ourungiyar Hadin Gwiwa ta Musamman a cikin jagorancin magance ayyukan ISIL na waje. Kuma mun riga mun cimma nasarori masu mahimmaci a wajen rage kwararar mayaka daga kasashen waje da kuma kawar da shugabannin ISIL daga fagen daga, ”Sakataren Tsaro Ash Carter ya lura a cikin wani sahihancin labarin hukuma game da ayyukan JSOC a taron manema labarai na Oktoba.
Wata daya baya, shi miƙa har ma da ƙarin dalla-dalla a cikin bayani a gaban Kwamitin Ayyuka na Majalisar Dattawa:
”Muna amfani da tsarin kawar da shugabancin kungiyar ta ISIL ne: gamayyar kungiyar ta fitar da mambobi bakwai na kungiyar ta ISIL Senior Shura… Mun kuma cire manyan shugabannin kungiyar ta ISIL a duka Libya da Afghanistan… Kuma mun cire daga fagen daga sama da 20 na masu aiki a waje na ISIL. ters Mun danka wannan bangare na kamfen ɗinmu ga ɗaya daga cikin [a [an [Sashen Tsaro] mafi girman umarni, iyawa, da ƙwarewa, Umurninmu na Hadin Gwiwa na Musamman, wanda ya taimaka wajen samar da adalci ba ga Osama Bin Laden ba kawai, har ma ga mutumin. wanda ya kafa kungiyar da ta zama ISIL, Abu-Musab al-Zarqawi. ”
Da aka nemi cikakkun bayanai kan ainihin nawa ISIL “masu aiki na waje” aka yi niyya kuma nawa ne aka “cire” daga fagen daga JSOC a 2016, Sanarwar SOCOM ta Ken McGraw ta amsa: "Ba mu da kuma ba za mu sami komai a gare ku ba."
Lokacin da yake kwamandan JSOC a 2015, Janar Thomas ya yi magana game da nasa da rundunarsa game da “takaicin” tare da iyakancewar da aka ɗora masu. "An ce min 'ba' fiye da 'tafi' ba a kan kimanin kimanin goma zuwa daya a kusan kowace rana," in ji shi ya ce. Nuwamba na ƙarshe, duk da haka, da Washington Postruwaito cewa gwamnatin Obama tana baiwa kwamitin hadin gwiwa na JSOC "fadada ikon bin diddigi, shiryawa da kuma yiwuwar kaddamar da hare-hare kan kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda a duniya." Wannan Counungiyar Opeungiyar Ayyuka na terasashen waje (wanda aka fi sani da “Ex-Ops”) an “tsara shi don ɗaukar ƙirar ƙirar JSOC… da fitar da shi a duniya don zuwa bayan cibiyoyin ta'addanci da ke ƙulla makirci da Yamma.
SOCOM yayi jayayya da rabo daga cikin Post labari. "Babu SOCOM ko wani daga cikin abubuwan da ke karkashinta an ba su wani ikon fadada (hukumomi)," in ji SOCOM Ken McGraw TomDispatch ta imel. "Duk wani aiki da zai yuwu dole ne har yanzu kwamandan GCC [Geographic Combatant Command] ya amince da shi [kuma], idan an buƙata, ya sami amincewar Sakataren Tsaro ko [shugaban}."
“Jami’an Amurka” (wadanda suka yi magana ne kawai da sharadin a gano su ta waccan hanya mara kyau) sun bayyana cewa martanin na SOCOM lamari ne na hangen nesa. Ba a daɗe da haɓaka ikonta kamar yadda aka tsara shi ba kuma aka sanya “a rubuce,” TomDispatch aka fada. "Gaskiyar magana, shawarar da aka yanke a watannin baya ita ce a sauƙaƙa ayyukan yau da kullun, ba ƙirƙirar sabon abu ba." Kwamandan Ayyuka na Musamman ya ƙi tabbatar da hakan amma Kanal Thomas Davis, wani mai magana da yawun SOCOM, ya ce: "Babu inda muka ce babu wani sahihin bayani."
Tare da Ex-Ops, Janar Thomas shine "mai yanke shawara idan ya zo ga fuskantar barazanar a karkashin sahihan ayyukan kungiyar," bisa zuwa Washington PostThomas Gibbons-Neff da Dan Lamothe. "Taskungiyar aiki za ta mai da Thomas gaske cikin jagorancin lokacin da ya zo da aika Rukunan Ayyuka na Musamman bayan barazanar." Sauran da'awar Thomas ya fadada tasiri ne kawai, ya ba shi damar bayar da shawarar kai tsaye ga shirin aiwatarwa, kamar cinma buri, ga Sakataren Tsaro, yana ba shi damar taqaitaccen lokacin amincewa. (McGraw na SOCOM ya ce Thomas "ba zai ba da umarni ga sojoji ba ko kuma ya zama mai yanke shawara ga SOF da ke aiki a kowane yanki na GCC."))
A watan Nuwamban da ya gabata, Sakataren Tsare Carter ya ba da tabbaci game da yawan ayyukan kisan bayan ziyarar da aka yi a Filin Hurlburt Field na Florida, hedkwatar na Kwamandan Ayyuka na Musamman na Sojan Sama. Ya ya lura cewa “a yau muna duban yawan karfin ikon Aiki na Musamman na karfin kai hari. Wannan wata irin dama ce da muke amfani da ita kusan kowace rana a cikin duniya… Kuma tana da mahimmanci musamman ga yaƙin ISIL da muke gudanarwa a yau. ”
A Afghanistan, kadai, Sojojin Ayyuka na Musamman sun gudanar da hare-hare na 350 wadanda suka sabawa kungiyar al-Qaeda da kungiyar Islamic State a bara, kimanin a kowace rana, tare da kama ko kashe kusan shugabannin "50" da kuma "mambobi" na 200 na kungiyoyin ta'addanci, bisa ga Janar John Nicholson, babban kwamandan Amurka a wannan kasar. Wasu kafofin ma bayar da shawarar da cewa yayin da jiragen JSOC da CIA suka tashi kusan adadin makamancin manufa a cikin 2016, sojoji sun kaddamar da yajin aiki fiye da 20,000 a Afghanistan, Yemen, da Syria, idan aka kwatanta da kasa da dozin da Hukumar ta yi. Wannan na iya nuna shawarar gwamnatin Obama ta aiwatar da dogon tunani don sanya JSOC a matsayin mai daukar nauyin ayyukan kashe-kashe tare da sauya CIA zuwa aikin sirrin al'adunta.
Duniya na Warcraft
"[Ba ni da mahimmanci a fahimci dalilin da ya sa SOF ta tashi daga kafa da kuma tallafawa mai kunnawa zuwa babban kokarin, saboda amfani da ita ya nuna dalilin da ya sa Amurka ke ci gaba da samun matsala a yakin da ta yi kwanan nan - Afghanistan, Iraq, da ISIS da AQ da masu alaƙa, Libya, Yemen, da dai sauransu kuma a cikin kamfen ɗin da ba a bayyana ba a cikin Baltics, Poland, da Ukraine - babu ɗayan da ya dace da samfurin Amurka don yaƙin gargajiya, ” ya ce Laftanar Janar Charles Cleveland mai ritaya, shugaban Kwamandan Ayyuka na Musamman na Sojojin Amurka daga 2012 zuwa 2015 kuma a yanzu babban mai ba da shawara ga shugaban ma’aikata na Kungiyar Nazarin Dabarun Sojoji. Da yake tabbatar da cewa, a cikin manyan matsalolin wadannan rikice-rikicen, karfin fitattun sojojin Amurka na aiwatar da kisan / kamawa da kuma horar da kawayen gida ya tabbatar da matukar amfani, ya kara da cewa, “SOF ta kasance mafi kyau a lokacin da‘ yan asalin ta da ikon aiwatar da aikin ta kai tsaye ke aiki domin tallafawa juna. Bayan Afganistan da Iraki da ci gaba da kokarin CT [ta'addanci da ta'addanci] a wani wuri, SOF na ci gaba da aiki tare da kasashe abokan kawancen yaki da tayar da kayar baya a kasashen Asiya, Latin Amurka, da Afirka. ”
SOCOM ta yarda da tura sojoji zuwa kusan 70% na al'ummomin duniya, ciki har da banda kasashe uku na Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka (Bolivia, Ecuador, da Venezuela sune banbancen). Ayyukanta sun kuma rufe Asiya, yayin da suke gudanar da ayyukan ofisoshi cikin kusan 60% na ƙasashen Afirka.
SOaddamar da Fasashen waje a ƙasashen waje na iya zama kaɗan kamar mai ba da sabis na musamman wanda ke shiga cikin shirin nutsarwa na harshe ko ƙungiyar mutane uku da ke gudanar da “bincike” don ofishin jakadancin Amurka. Hakanan ƙila ba shi da alaƙa da gwamnatin ƙasar mai masaukin baki ko sojoji. Yawancin rundunonin Ayyuka na Musamman, duk da haka, suna aiki tare da abokan hulɗa na gida, gudanar da atisayen horo da tsunduma cikin abin da sojoji ke kira "haɓaka ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa" (BPC) da "haɗin haɗin tsaro" (SC). Sau da yawa, wannan yana nufin ana tura manyan sojojin Amurka zuwa ƙasashe tare da jami'an tsaro waɗanda suke a kai a kai da aka ambata ga Gwamnatin Amurka ta take hakkin bil adama. Shekarar da ta gabata a Afirka, inda sojojin Ayyuka na Musamman amfani kusan shirye-shirye 20 daban-daban da aiyuka - daga atisayen horo zuwa sha'anin hadin gwiwar tsaro - wadannan sun hada da Burkina Faso, Burundi, Kamaru, Jamhuriyar Demokiradiyyar Kongo, Djibouti, Kenya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Najeriya, Tanzania, Da kuma Uganda, Da sauransu.
A cikin 2014, alal misali, sama da sojoji dubu 4,800 ne suka shiga cikin irin wadannan ayyukan - Haɗin gwiwa Hada Hadin gwiwa (JCET) manufa - a duk duniya. A kan kuɗi fiye da $ 56 miliyan, Navy SEALs, Army Green Berets, da sauran masu aiki na musamman sun aiwatar da JCETs 176 a cikin ƙasashe 87. Wani bincike na RAND Corporation na shekara ta 2013 game da yankunan da Dokar Afirka, Kwamandan Pacific, da Kwamandan Kudancin suka rufe sun sami ingancin "matsakaici kaɗan" ga JCETs a duk yankuna uku. A 2014 RAND analysis na hadin gwiwar tsaro ta Amurka, wanda kuma ya yi nazari a kan tasirin “kokarin kasaitaccen aiki na Musamman," ya gano cewa "babu wata muhimmiyar ma'amala tsakanin kungiyar SC da canjin yanayin rauni na kasashe a Afirka ko Gabas ta Tsakiya." Kuma a cikin rahoton 2015 na Jami'ar Ayyuka ta Musamman ta Hadin gwiwa, Harry Yarger, babban jami'i a makarantar, ya lura cewa "BPC ta gabata ta cinye mafi yawan albarkatun don karamin dawowa."
Duk da waɗannan sakamakon da manyan ci gaban kasawa cikin Iraki, Afghanistan, Da kuma Libya, Shekarun Obama sun kasance shekarun zinariya na yankin toka-toka. Nationsasashe 138 da masu ba da sabis na musamman na Amurka suka ziyarta a cikin 2016, alal misali, suna wakiltar tsallakewar 130% tun zamanin da gwamnatin Bush ta faɗi. Kodayake suma suna wakiltar raguwa 6% idan aka kwatanta da na shekarar bara, 2016 ta kasance a saman zangon shekarun Obama, wanda ya ga turawa zuwa 75 al'umma a cikin 2010, 120 a 2011, 134 a 2013, da kuma 133 a cikin 2014, kafin peaking a 147 Kasashe a cikin 2015. Da aka tambaye shi dalilin da ya sa aka samu koma baya, kakakin SOCOM, Ken McGraw ya amsa, “Mun samar da SOF don biyan buƙatun umarnin mayaƙan ƙasa don tallafi ga tsare-tsaren haɗin haɗin tsaro na wasan kwaikwayo. A bayyane yake, akwai kasashe kalilan da suka rage [inda] GCCs ke da bukatar SOF da za ta tura a cikin [Kasafin shekara 20] 16. "
Inara kayan aiki tsakanin 2009 da 2016 - daga kusan ƙasashe 60 zuwa fiye da sau biyu - ya nuna irin wannan tashin gwauron zabi na yawan ma'aikatan SOCOM (daga kusan 56,000 zuwa kusan 70,000) kuma a cikin kasafin kudinta (daga dala biliyan 9 zuwa dala biliyan 11). Ba asiri bane cewa lokacin ayyukan ma ya karu sosai, kodayake umurnin ya ki amsa tambayoyin daga TomDispatch A kan batun.
"SOF sun sauke nauyin da ke wuyansu wajen aiwatar da wadannan misalai, suna fama da yawan wadanda suka rasa rayukansu a cikin shekaru takwas da suka gabata da kuma ci gaba da gudanar da wani aiki na musamman (OPTEMPO) wanda ya kara dagula lamura na musamman da iyalansu," karanta wani rahoto na watan Oktoba na 2016 wanda cibiyar bincike ta CNA da ke Virginia ta fitar. (Wannan rahoton ya fito ne daga wani taro halarci da wasu tsofaffin kwamandojin musamman na soja guda shida, wani tsohon mataimakin sakataren tsaro, da kuma da dama daga cikin kwararrun jami'an kwadago.)
Zamanin Amurka na Commando
A watan da ya gabata, a gaban Kwamitin Ayyuka na Majalisar Dattawa, Shawn Brimley, tsohon darektan tsare-tsaren dabaru kan ma’aikatan Hukumar Tsaro ta kasa kuma a yanzu haka mukaddashin shugaban kasa a Cibiyar Sabuwar Tsaron Amurka, ya amsa worriedarshen damuwa na rahoton CNA. A wani zaman jin bahasi kan "kalubalen tsaro na Amurka da barazanar duniya baki daya," Brimley ya ce "an tura SOF a farashin da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba, yana sanya matsin lamba a kan karfi" sannan ya yi kira ga gwamnatin Trump da ta "kirkirar wata dabarar da za ta fi dadewa ta yaki da ta'addanci. ” A cikin takarda wallafa a watan Disamba, Kristen Hajduk, tsohon mai ba da shawara ga Ayyuka na Musamman da Yakin da ba a saba da shi ba a Ofishin Mataimakin Sakataren Tsaro na Ayyuka na Musamman da Rikicin Ba da Haɓakawa kuma yanzu abokin aiki a Cibiyar Nazari da Nazarin Internationalasa ta Duniya, ya yi kira da a rage yawan tura kayan aikin na musamman. Sojojin kwantar da tarzoma.
Yayin da Donald Trump ya ce sojojin Amurka gaba daya “tsautsayi”Kuma yana da kira don kara girman Sojoji da Sojojin Ruwa, bai ba da wata alama ba game da ko yana shirin tallafawa karin karuwar girman rundunonin sojan gona na musamman. Kuma yayin da yayi kwanan nan zabi wani tsohon Tsaftin ruwan ruwa don aiki a matsayin sakataren cikin gida, Trump ya ba da 'yan alamu kan yadda zai iya daukar kwastomomi na musamman waɗanda ke aiki a halin yanzu.
"Drone ta buge," in ji shi sanar a daya daga cikin bayanan nasa na musamman game da manufa ta musamman, “zai ci gaba da kasancewa wani bangare na dabarunmu, amma kuma za mu nemi kama wasu manyan manufofi don samun bayanan da ake bukata don wargaza kungiyoyinsu.” Kwanan baya, a wani taron nasara na Arewacin Carolina, Trump yayi takamaiman nassoshi ga fitattun dakaru nan bada jimawa ba wadanda zasu kasance karkashin jagorancin sa. “Dakarunmu na Musamman a Fort Bragg sun kasance mashin mashin wajen yakar ta’addanci. Taken rundunarmu ta Musamman na Sojojin shine 'yantar da wadanda aka zalunta,' kuma wannan shine ainihin abin da suke yi kuma zasu ci gaba da yi. A yanzu haka, an tura sojoji daga Fort Bragg a kasashe 90 na duniya, ”in ji shi ya gaya taron.
Bayan da alama alama ce ta nuna goyon baya ga ci gaba mai fadi-tashin, wadanda aka zalunta da kera misalai na musamman, Trump ya bayyana canza hanya, yana mai kara da cewa, "Ba ma son samun sojoji masu karancin karfi saboda muna ko'ina a fagen daga Yankunan da bai kamata mu yi faɗa ba… Dole ne a kawo karshen wannan matsalar ta tsoma baki da hargitsi a karshe, jama'a. ” A lokaci guda kuma, ya yi alkawarin cewa Amurka ba da daɗewa ba za ta “fatattaki sojojin ta'addanci.” A dalilin haka, Laftanar Janar Janar Michael Flynn mai ritaya, tsohon darektan leken asiri na JSOC wanda zababben shugaban kasar ya tura domin ya zama mai ba shi shawara kan harkokin tsaro, ya yi alkawarin cewa sabuwar gwamnatin za ta sake duba karfin sojoji don yakar kungiyar Islama - mai yuwuwar samar da karin sarari a fagen daga. Don wannan, da Wall Street Journal rahotanni cewa Pentagon tana kokarin bada shawarwari don rage “White House duba da yadda ake yanke hukunci” yayin da “mayar da wasu karfin ikon komawa Pentagon.”
A watan da ya gabata, Shugaba Obama ya yi tattaki zuwa sansanin sojan sama na MacDill na Florida, gidan kwamandan Ayyuka na Musamman, don isar da jawabinsa na yaki da ta'addanci. "Tsawon shekaru takwas da na yi a ofis, babu ranar da kungiyar 'yan ta'adda ko kuma wani mutum da ke tsattsauran ra'ayi ba ta shirya kashe Amurkawa," in ji shi ya gaya taron jama'a kunshe tare da sojoji. A lokaci guda, da alama babu ranar da ba a tura manyan rundunoni a karkashin umarnin sa a cikin kasashe 60 ko sama da haka a duniya ba.
Obama ya kara da cewa "Zan zama shugaban Amurka na farko da zai cika wa'adi biyu a lokacin yaki." “Bai kamata kasashen Demokradiyya su yi aiki a cikin yakin da aka samu izini ba. Hakan bai dace da sojojinmu ba, hakan ba alheri bane ga dimokuradiyyarmu. ” Sakamakon shugabancinsa na dindindin-yaƙi ya kasance, a zahiri, ya kasance mara kyau, bisa zuwa Umurnin Ayyuka na Musamman. Daga cikin rikice-rikice guda takwas da aka yi a lokacin shekarun Obama, bisa ga wani bayanin 2015 da aka ba da sanarwar daga kwamandan leken asirin kwamandan, rikodin Amurka ya tsaya kan cin nasara, asara biyu, da alaƙa shida.
Tabbas zamanin Obama ya tabbatar da kasancewarsa “shekaru da commando. ” Koyaya, yayin da rundunonin Ayyuka na Musamman suka ci gaba da aiki na tsawon lokaci, yin yaƙi a ciki da wajen yankunan da aka yarda da rikici, horar da ƙawayen gida, ba da shawara ga indan asalin ,an gida, ƙwanƙwasa ƙofofi, da aiwatar da kisan kai, ƙungiyoyin ta'addanci sun baza a fadin Babban Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma Afirka.
Zababben shugaban kasa Donald Trump ya bayyana poised to shafewa da yawa daga Tarihin Obama, daga shugaban kasa sanya hannu kan dokar kiwon lafiya zuwa gare shi dokokin muhalli, ba a ma maganar canza hanya lokacin da ya shafi manufofin kasashen waje, ciki har da hulɗa da Sin, Iran, Isra'ila, Da kuma Rasha. Ko zai saurari shawara don rage matakin tura SoF a matakin Obama. Shekarar da ke tafe, duk da haka, za ta ba da alamomi game da ko dogon yakin Obama a inuwa, zamanin zinariya na yankin toka, ya tsira.
