Amurka Tana Sake Babbar Karyata Game da Iraki Don Tarwatsa Iran

By Nicolas JS Davies, Janairu 30, 2020

Shekaru goma sha shida bayan mamayar Amurka a Iraq, mafi yawan Amurkawa sun fahimci cewa yakin basasa ne ba bisa ka’ida ba game da “makaman kare dangi”. Amma a yanzu gwamnatinmu tana barazanar za ta ja mu zuwa kan Iran da kusan iri guda. “Babban karya” game da shirin makamin kare dangi maras makami, wanda ya danganta da bayanan sirrin siyasa daga kungiyoyin CIA guda daya wadanda suke yaudaran karya don tabbatar da mamayar Amurka a Iraki a 2003. 

A cikin 2002-3, jami'an Amurka da masana harkar watsa labarai sun sake maimaita cewa Iraki tana da tarin makaman kare dangi wanda ya zama babbar barazana ga duniya. CIA ta samar da bayanan sirri na karya don tallafawa tafiyar zuwa yaƙi, kuma cherry-zaɓi mafi mahimmancin labari mai gamsarwa don Sakatariyar Gwamnati Colin Powell don gabatarwa ga Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a ranar 5 ga Fabrairun 2003. A watan Disambar 2002, Alan Foley, shugaban Hukumar Leken Asiri ta CIA, Rashin Kiyaye makamai da Cibiyar Kula da Makamai (WINPAC), ya fada wa ma'aikatan sa, "Idan shugaban kasa yana son zuwa yaki, aikinmu shine mu samo bayanan sirri don ba shi damar yin hakan."

Paul Pillar, wani jami'in CIA wanda ya kasance Jami'in Leken Asiri na Kasa na Gabas da Kudancin Asiya, ya taimaka wajen shirya takaddun shafi 25 da aka baiwa mambobin Majalisar a matsayin "taƙaitaccen" ƙididdigar Intelligididdigar Nationalasa ta (NIE) a kan Iraq. Amma an rubuta takaddun watanni kafin NIE ta yi iƙirarin taƙaitawa kuma tana ƙunshe da da'awa masu ban sha'awa waɗanda babu inda za a same su a cikin NIE, kamar su CIA sun san takamaiman shafuka 550 a Iraki inda aka adana makamai masu guba da masu guba. Yawancin membobin suna karanta wannan taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen bayanin, ba ainihin NIE ba, kuma sun zaɓi zaɓaɓɓe don yaƙi. Kamar yadda Daga baya Pillar ya amsa zuwa PBS's Gabatarwa, “Manufar ita ce ƙarfafa shari'ar don yin yaƙi da jama'ar Amurka. Shin ya dace ga al'umma masu hankali su buga takardu don wannan dalilin? Ba na tunanin haka, kuma na yi nadamar kasancewar na taka rawa a ciki. ”

An kafa WINPAC ne a 2001 don maye gurbin Cibiyar ba da tallafi ta CIA ko NPC (1991-2001), inda ma'aikata na masu binciken CIA ɗari suka tattara shaidar yiwuwar makaman nukiliya, sinadarai da kera makamai masu guba don tallafawa yaƙin bayanan Amurka, takunkumi da kuma canjin canjin mulki. manufofi kan Iraki, Iran, Koriya ta Arewa, Libya da sauran makiya Amurka.

WINPAC na amfani da tauraron dan adam na Amurka, sanya ido ta hanyar lantarki da kuma hanyoyin leken asiri na duniya don samar da kayan abinci ga hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kamar UNSCOM, UNMOVIC, Kungiyar Haramtacciyar Makamai masu Guba (OPCW) da Hukumar Kula da Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya (IAEA), wadanda aka caje su da kula da yaduwar makaman nukiliya, sinadarai da makaman kare dangi. Kayan na CIA sun sanya wadannan masu binciken da manazarta sun shagaltu da kwararar takardu, hotunan tauraron dan adam da kuma ikirarin da wadanda ke zaman talala suka yi na kusan shekaru 30. Amma tun da Iraki ta lalata dukkan makamanta da aka hana shigowa da su a 1991, ba su sami wata hujja da za ta tabbatar da cewa Iraki ko Iran sun dauki matakan mallakar makamin nukiliya, da sinadarai ko na kwayoyin ba.

UNMOVIC da IAEA sun gaya wa Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a 2002-3 cewa ba za su iya samun wata hujja ba da za ta goyi bayan zargin Amurka game da ci gaba da mallakar makamai ba bisa ka'ida ba a Iraki. Babban Daraktan IAEA Mohamed ElBaradei ya tona asirin CIA Jamhuriyar Nijar daftarin aiki azaman jabu cikin 'yan awoyi. Jajircewar ElBaradei ga 'yanci da nuna bangaranci a cikin hukumarsa ya samu girmamawa daga duniya, kuma shi da hukumarsa an ba su hadin gwiwa Lambar Lambar Nobel a 2005.    

Baya ga jabun karya kai tsaye da kuma kirkirar hujja da gangan daga kungiyoyin 'yan gudun hijira kamar na Ahmad Chalabi Majalisar dokokin Iraki (INC) da Iran Mojahedin-e Khalq (MEK), yawancin kayan da CIA da kawayenta suka bayar ga hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun shafi amfani da fasaha biyu, wanda za a iya amfani da shi a cikin shirye-shiryen makamai da aka hana amma kuma yana da wasu halaye na halal. Yawancin ayyukan IAEA a Iran sun kasance don tabbatar da cewa kowane ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan an yi amfani da su ne don dalilai na lumana ko haɓaka makamai na yau da kullun maimakon a cikin makaman nukiliya. Amma kamar yadda yake a Iraki, tarin abubuwan da ba a kammala ba, shaidar da ba a tabbatar da ita ba game da shirin makaman nukiliya ya zama muhimmin makamin siyasa don shawo kan kafofin watsa labarai da jama'a cewa dole ne a sami wani abu mai ƙarfi a bayan duk hayaƙin da madubin.    

Misali, a shekarar 1990, CIA ta fara shiga tsakani Sakonnin Telex daga Jami’ar Sharif da ke Tehran da kuma Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyyar lissafi ta Iran game da odar maganadisun zobe, sinadarin fluoride da na’urar sarrafa fluoride, na’ura mai auna ma'auni, kayan kallo da kuma kayan motsa jiki, wadanda dukkansu ana iya amfani da su wajen inganta uranium A cikin shekaru 17 masu zuwa, NPC da WINPAC na CIA sun ɗauki waɗannan Telexes a matsayin wasu tabbatattun shaidun su na shirin kera makaman nukiliya a Iran, kuma manyan jami'an Amurka sun ambace su da haka. Har zuwa 2007-8 ne daga karshe gwamnatin Iran ta binciko duk wadannan abubuwan a jami'ar Sharif, kuma masu kula da IAEA sun sami damar ziyarci jami'a ya kuma tabbatar da cewa ana amfani da su ne wajen gudanar da bincike da koyarwa kamar yadda Iran din ta fada masu.

Bayan mamayar da Amurka ta yi wa Iraki a 2003, aikin IAEA a Iran ya ci gaba, amma duk wani jagora da CIA da kawayenta suka bayar ya tabbatar da cewa ko dai kirkirarre ne, ba shi da laifi ko kuma ba a kammala shi ba. A shekara ta 2007, hukumomin leken asirin Amurka suka buga wani sabon kiyasi na kasa (NIE) a kan Iran inda suka yarda cewa Iran ba ta da wani shiri na kera makamin nukiliya. Bugun da 2007 NI ya kasance muhimmin mataki na kawar da yakin Amurka akan Iran. Kamar yadda George W Bush ya rubuta a ciki bayanansa, "… Bayan NIE, ta yaya zan iya yin bayanin yin amfani da sojoji don lalata makaman nukiliya na wata kasa da kungiyar leken asirin ta ce ba ta aiki da makamin nukiliya?"  

Amma duk da rashin tabbatacciyar shaida, CIA ta ƙi canza “ƙididdigar” daga NIEs na 2001 da 2005 cewa mai yiwuwa Iran ɗin tana da shirin kera makaman nukiliya kafin 2003. Wannan ya bar ƙofar a buɗe don ci gaba da amfani da zargin WMD, bincike da kuma sanya takunkumi a matsayin manyan makamai na siyasa a cikin gwamnatin Amurka ta sauya manufar Iran.

A cikin 2007, UNMOVIC ta buga a Matsakaici ko rahoto na karshe kan darussan da aka koya daga tabarbarewar al'amura a Iraki. Wani darasi mai mahimmanci shi ne, "Cikakken 'yanci abu ne da ake buƙata ga hukumar binciken Majalisar UNinkin Duniya," don haka ba za a yi amfani da tsarin binciken ba, "ko dai don tallafawa wasu manufofi ko ci gaba da ɓangaren da aka bincika a cikin yanayin rauni na dindindin." Wani mahimmin darasi shi ne, "Tabbatar da mummunan abu girke-girke ne na jure matsaloli da binciken da ba zai kare ba."

Na biyu Hukumar Robb-Silberman a kan gazawar leken asirin Amurka a Iraki sun cimma matsaya irin wannan, kamar haka, "… Manazarta sun sauya nauyin hujja yadda ya kamata, suna bukatar hujja cewa Iraki ba ta da shirye-shiryen WMD masu aiki maimakon neman tabbaci na kasancewar su. Yayin da manufar Amurka take ita ce Iraki ta dauki nauyin tabbatar da cewa ba ta haramta shirye-shiryen makamai ba, yakamata kungiyar tsaro ta Intelligence ta kasance hujja… Ta hanyar tayar da nauyin shaida a sama sosai, manazarta sun karkatar da tsarin binciken don tabbatarwa tunaninsu na asali - cewa Iraq tana da shirye-shirye na WMD. "

A cikin aikinta kan Iran, CIA ta aiwatar da gurɓataccen bincike da aiwatarwa waɗanda UNMOVIC Compendium da rahoton Robb-Silberman suka gano game da Iraki. Matsin lamba don samar da bayanan sirri na siyasa wanda ke tallafawa matsayin manufofin Amurka ya ci gaba saboda wannan shine lalata aikin cewa hukumomin leken asirin Amurka suna wasa da manufofin Amurka, leƙo asirin ƙasa a kan sauran gwamnatoci, sarrafawa, hanawa kasashe da samar da siyasa da kirkirar hankali don kirkirar hanyoyin yaki. 

Wata halattacciyar hukumar leken asirin ƙasa za ta samar da haƙiƙanin binciken leƙen asirin waɗanda masu tsara manufofi za su iya amfani da shi azaman tushe don yanke shawara kan manufofin hankali. Amma, kamar yadda UNMOVIC Compendium ya nuna, gwamnatin Amurka ba ta da hankali wajen cin zarafin tunanin hankali da ikon cibiyoyin kasa da kasa kamar IAEA don “goyi bayan wasu shawarwari,” musamman burinta na sauya tsarin mulki a kasashen duniya.

“Sauran ajandar” Amurka game da Iran ta sami kawance mai mahimmanci lokacin da Mohamed ElBaradei ya yi ritaya daga IAEA a 2009, kuma aka maye gurbinsa da Yukiya Amano daga Japan. A USB na Ma'aikatar USB daga 10 ga watan Yulin 2009 da Wikileaks ya fitar ya bayyana Mista Amano a matsayin "babban abokin tarayya" ga Amurka bisa la'akari da "babban matsayi na daidaituwa tsakanin abubuwan da ya sa a gaba da kuma manufofinmu a hukumar ta IAEA." Takardar ta ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata Amurka ta yi kokarin daidaita tunanin Amano kafin ajandarsa ta yi karo da sakatariyar IAEA. ” Marubucin bayanin shi ne Geoffrey Pyatt, wanda daga baya ya samu daukaka a duniya a matsayin Jakadan Amurka a Ukraine wanda aka tona asirinsa. rikodin sauti kulla makarkashiyar juyin mulkin shekarar 2014 a Ukraine tare da Mataimakin Sakataren Gwamnatin Victoria Nuland.

Gwamnatin Obama ta kashe ajalinta na farko wajen neman gazawa "Dual-track" tsarin kula da Iran, wacce a cikinta diflomasiyyarta ta yi rauni ta hanyar fifikon da ta ba wa hanyar da ta yi daidai da ita na kara takunkumi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Lokacin da Brazil da Turkiyya suka gabatarwa Iran da tsarin yarjejeniyar nukiliya da Amurka ta gabatar, Iran ta amince da ita da sauri. Amma Amurka ta yi watsi da abin da ya fara a matsayin shawarar Amurka saboda, a wancan batun, da ta yi watsi da kokarinta na shawo kan Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don kakabawa Iran takunkumi mai tsauri. 

Kamar yadda wata babbar ma’aikatar Gwamnatin Amurka ta fada wa marubuciya Trita Parsi, ainihin matsalar ita ce Amurka ba za ta amsa “Ee” ba don amsa ba. Sai a zango na biyu na Obama, bayan John Kerry ya maye gurbin Hillary Clinton a matsayin Sakatariyar Harkokin Wajen, a karshe Amurka ta dauki “Ee” don amsa, wanda ya kai ga JCPOA tsakanin Iran, Amurka da sauran manyan kasashe a 2015. Don haka ba takunkumin da Amurka ke marawa baya ba ne wanda ya kawo Iran kan teburin, amma gazawar takunkumin da ya kawo Amurka kan teburin.  

Hakanan a shekarar 2015, IAEA ta kammala aikinta "Muhimmin Batutuwa" dangane da ayyukan Iran da suka shafi nukiliya da suka gabata. A kan kowane takamaiman shari'ar amfani da fasaha ko shigo da fasaha, IAEA ba ta sami wata hujja ba cewa suna da alaƙa da makaman nukiliya maimakon amfani da sojoji ko na farar hula na yau da kullun. A karkashin jagorancin Amano da matsin lambar Amurka, har yanzu IAEA ta “tantance” cewa “an gudanar da wasu ayyukan da suka dace da kera makaman nukiliya a Iran kafin karshen 2003,” amma “wadannan ayyukan ba su ci gaba fiye da yiwuwar ba. karatu da kuma mallakar wasu ƙwarewar fasaha masu dacewa da iyawa. ”

JCPOA yana da tallafi a cikin Washington. Amma muhawarar siyasar Amurka game da JCPOA ta yi watsi da ainihin sakamakon aikin IAEA a Iran, rawar da CIA ta gurbata a ciki da kuma yadda CIA ta sake yin amfani da son zuciya na hukumomi, karfafa tunanin da ake da shi, da jabun, da siyasa. da cin hanci da rashawa ta "wasu jadawalin" da ya kamata a gyara don hana sake maimaitaccen WMD fiasco a Iraki. 

'Yan siyasar da ke goyon bayan JCPOA yanzu suna ikirarin cewa ta hana Iran samun makaman nukiliya, yayin da wadanda ke adawa da JCPOA ke ikirarin cewa zai ba Iran damar mallakar su. Dukansu sunyi kuskure saboda, kamar yadda hukumar ta IAEA ta kammala kuma hatta shugaba Bush ya yarda, Iran bata da wani shiri na kera makamin nukiliya. Mafi munin abin da hukumar IAEA ke iya fada da gaskiya shi ne cewa Iran na iya yin wasu bincike-binciken makaman kare dangi game da makaman nukiliya wani lokaci kafin 2003 - amma kuma a sake, watakila ba ta yi ba.

Mohamed ElBaradei ya rubuta a rubutaccen tarihin sa, Zamanin Yaudarar Ya'u: Tsarin Nukiliya a Lokacin Yaudara, cewa, idan Iran ta taba yin gwajin makami mai linzami, to ya tabbata lokacin yakin Iran-Iraki ne, wanda ya ƙare a 1988, lokacin da Amurka da kawayenta suke. ya taimaki Iraki a kashe Iraniyawa har 100,000 da makamai masu guba. Idan zato na ElBaradei ya kasance daidai, to matsalar Iran tun daga wancan lokacin ta kasance ba za ta iya yarda da wannan aikin ba a cikin 1980s ba tare da fuskantar ma rashin yarda da kiyayya daga Amurka da kawayenta ba, da fuskantar irin wannan makoma ga Iraki. 

Duk da rashin tabbas game da ayyukan Iran a cikin 1980s, kamfen ɗin Amurka akan Iran ya keta mafi mahimmancin darussan Jami'an Amurka da na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun yi da'awar cewa sun koya daga fiasco game da Iraki. CIA tayi amfani da kusan zato maras tushe game da makamin nukiliya a Iran a matsayin makarkashiyar “tallafawa wasu manufofi” da kuma “kiyaye bangaren da aka bincika a cikin wani yanayi na rauni na dindindin,” daidai da UNMOVIC enaddamarwa yayi kashedin kada a sake yin wata kasa.

A Iran kamar yadda yake a Iraki, wannan ya haifar da tsarin doka ta mummunan takunkumi, wanda a karkashinsa dubunnan yara ke mutuwa daga cututtukan da za a iya kiyayewa da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, da kuma barazanar wani yakin Amurka ba na doka ba wanda zai mamaye Gabas ta Tsakiya da duniya cikin mawuyacin hali fiye da wanda CIA ta yi aikin injiniya da Iraki.