By David Swanson, World BEYOND War, Fabrairu 12, 2023
David Swanson shine marubucin sabon littafin The Monroe Doctrine a 200 da Abin da za a maye gurbinsa da shi.
Lokacin da aka buɗe karni na 20, Amurka ta yi yaƙi da yaƙe-yaƙe a Arewacin Amurka, amma fiye da Kudancin Amurka. Ra'ayin tatsuniya cewa babban soja yana hana yaƙe-yaƙe, maimakon haifar da su, sau da yawa yana waiwaya baya ga Theodore Roosevelt yana iƙirarin cewa Amurka za ta yi magana a hankali amma tana ɗauke da babban sanda - wani abu da mataimakin shugaban ƙasa Roosevelt ya ambata a matsayin karin magana na Afirka a cikin jawabi a 1901. , kwanaki hudu kafin a kashe Shugaba William McKinley, wanda ya zama shugaban kasar Roosevelt.
Duk da yake yana da kyau a yi tunanin Roosevelt yana hana yaƙe-yaƙe ta hanyar yin barazana da sandarsa, gaskiyar ita ce, ya yi amfani da sojojin Amurka fiye da nunawa a Panama a 1901, Colombia a 1902, Honduras a 1903, Jamhuriyar Dominican a 1903, Siriya. a 1903, Abyssinia a 1903, Panama a 1903, Jamhuriyar Dominican a 1904, Morocco a 1904, Panama a 1904, Koriya a 1904, Cuba a 1906, Honduras a 1907, da Philippines a duk tsawon shugabancinsa.
Ana tunawa da shekarun 1920 da 1930 a tarihin Amurka a matsayin lokacin zaman lafiya, ko kuma a matsayin lokaci mai ban sha'awa don tunawa kwata-kwata. Amma gwamnatin Amurka da kamfanonin Amurka suna cinye Amurka ta tsakiya. United Fruit da sauran kamfanonin Amurka sun mallaki ƙasarsu, hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa, nasu wasiku da na telegraph da sabis na tarho, da nasu 'yan siyasa. Eduardo Galeano ya lura: "A Honduras, alfadari yana kashe fiye da mataimaki, kuma a duk Amurka ta tsakiya jakadun Amurka sun fi shugabanni shugabanci." Kamfanin United Fruit Company ya kirkiro nasa tashar jiragen ruwa, na kwastam, da na 'yan sanda. Dala ta zama kudin gida. Lokacin da wani yajin aiki ya barke a Colombia, 'yan sanda sun yi wa ma'aikatan ayaba yankan rago, kamar yadda 'yan baranda gwamnati za su yi wa kamfanonin Amurka a Colombia shekaru da dama masu zuwa.
A lokacin da Hoover ya zama shugaban kasa, idan ba a da ba, gwamnatin Amurka gabaɗaya ta kama mutanen Latin Amurka sun fahimci kalmomin “Doctrine Monroe” da nufin mulkin mallaka na Yankee. Hoover ya sanar da cewa koyarwar Monroe ba ta tabbatar da tsoma bakin soja ba. Hoover sannan kuma Franklin Roosevelt ya janye sojojin Amurka daga Amurka ta tsakiya har sai sun kasance kawai a yankin Canal. FDR ya ce zai sami manufar "makwabci nagari".
A cikin shekarun 1950, Amurka ba ta da'awar cewa ita maƙwabciyarta ce ta gari, kamar yadda shugaban sabis na kariya-da- gurguzu. Bayan nasarar juyin mulki a Iran a 1953, Amurka ta koma Latin Amurka. A taron Pan-Amurka na goma a Caracas a 1954, Sakataren Gwamnati John Foster Dulles ya goyi bayan ka'idar Monroe kuma ya yi ikirarin karya cewa kwaminisanci na Soviet barazana ne ga Guatemala. An yi juyin mulki. Kuma an samu karin juyin mulki.
Ɗaya daga cikin koyarwar da gwamnatin Bill Clinton ta ci gaba a cikin shekarun 1990 ita ce ta "ciniki kyauta" - kyauta kawai idan ba ka la'akari da lalacewa ga muhalli, 'yancin ma'aikata, ko 'yancin kai daga manyan kamfanoni na duniya. Amurka tana so, kuma watakila har yanzu tana son, babbar yarjejeniyar ciniki cikin 'yanci ga dukkan al'ummomi a cikin Amurka ban da Cuba da watakila wasu da aka gano don ware. Abin da ya samu a cikin 1994 shine NAFTA, Yarjejeniyar Ciniki Kyauta ta Arewacin Amurka, daure Amurka, Kanada, da Mexico ga sharuɗɗanta. Wannan zai biyo baya a cikin 2004 ta CAFTA-DR, Amurka ta Tsakiya - Yarjejeniyar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci ta Dominican Jamhuriyar Dominican tsakanin Amurka, Costa Rica, Jamhuriyar Dominican, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, da Nicaragua, wanda wasu yarjejeniyoyin za su biyo baya. da yunƙurin yarjejeniyoyin, gami da TPP, Haɗin gwiwar Trans-Pacific don ƙasashe masu iyaka da Pacific, gami da Latin Amurka; Ya zuwa yanzu jam'iyyar TPP ta sha kaye saboda rashin farin jininta a cikin Amurka. George W. Bush ya ba da shawarar yankin ciniki cikin 'yanci na Amurka a wani taron koli na Amurka a shekara ta 2005, kuma ya ga Venezuela, Argentina, da Brazil sun ci shi.
NAFTA da 'ya'yanta sun kawo babbar fa'ida ga manyan kamfanoni, gami da kamfanonin Amurka da ke jigilar kayayyaki zuwa Mexico da Amurka ta tsakiya don farautar ƙaramin albashi, ƙarancin haƙƙin wurin aiki, da ƙarancin ƙa'idodin muhalli. Sun kirkiro dangantakar kasuwanci, amma ba alaƙar zamantakewa ko al'adu ba.
A Honduras a yau, "yankunan aikin yi da ci gaban tattalin arziki" da ba a yarda da su ba suna samun kulawa ta hanyar matsin lamba na Amurka amma kuma kamfanoni na Amurka suna tuhumar gwamnatin Honduras karkashin CAFTA. Sakamakon shi ne wani sabon nau'i na filibustering ko ayaba jamhuriyar, a cikinsa na karshe iko ya rataya a kan masu cin riba, gwamnatin Amurka ta fi mayar da hankali a kan satar, kuma wadanda abin ya shafa galibi ba a gani da kuma ba a yi tunanin - ko lokacin da suka bayyana a kan iyakar Amurka. ana zarginsu. A matsayin masu aiwatar da koyarwar girgiza, ƙungiyoyin da ke mulkin "yankuna" na Honduras, a waje da dokar Honduras, suna iya ƙaddamar da dokoki masu dacewa ga ribar nasu - ribar da ta wuce gona da iri ta yadda za su iya samun sauƙin biyan tankunan tunani na Amurka don buga dalilai a matsayin dimokuradiyya. ga abin da yafi ko žasa sabanin dimokuradiyya.
David Swanson shine marubucin sabon littafin The Monroe Doctrine a 200 da Abin da za a maye gurbinsa da shi.
