Halin Cutar da ake Cutar da Julian Assange na ba da hujja

By Andy Worthington, Satumba 10, 2020

daga Popular Resistance

Babban gwagwarmayar gwagwarmayar yanci yan jarida a halin yanzu tana gudana a cikin Old Bailey a Landan, inda, a ranar Litinin, makonni uku aka fara sauraren ra'ayoyi dangane da batun mikawa Amurka Julian Assange, wanda ya kirkiro da shafin yanar gizo na WikiLeaks. A cikin 2010 da 2011, WikiLeaks ya wallafa wasu takardu da wani sojan Amurka mai mukamin - Bradley, yanzu Chelsea Manning - ya fallasa. shaidar aikata laifukan yaki aikatawa ta Amurka kuma, a game da yanki na ƙwarewa na musamman, Guantánamo.

Bayanin Guantánamo ya kasance a cikin wasu fayilolin soja wadanda aka kirkira wadanda suka shafi kusan dukkanin mutanen 779 da sojoji suka tsare a kurkukun tun lokacin da aka bude su a watan Janairun 2002, wanda, a karon farko, ya fito karara ya bayyana yadda ba za a iya amincewa da shaidar da ake zato ba game da fursunonin. ya kasance, yawancin sa fursunoni ne da suka yi maganganun karya da yawa akan 'yan uwansu fursunoni. Na yi aiki tare da WikiLeaks a matsayin abokin hulɗa na kafofin watsa labarai don sakin fayilolin Guantánamo, kuma ana iya samun taƙaitaccen fayel ɗin a cikin labarin da na rubuta lokacin da aka fara buga su mai taken, WikiLeaks Ya Tona Asirin Guantánamo Na Sirri, Ya Fallasa Manufofin tsare a matsayin gina Karya.

Ya kamata in ƙara cewa ni ɗayan shaidu ne na masu kare, kuma zan bayyana a gaban kotu wani lokaci cikin weeksan makonni masu zuwa don tattauna mahimmancin fayilolin Guantánamo. Duba wannan sakon da Kevin Gosztola na Shadowproof ya lisafta wadanda ke shiga, wadanda suka hada da Farfesa Noam Chomsky, Jameel Jaffer, babban darakta na Cibiyar Knight First Amendment Institute a Jami'ar Columbia, 'yan jarida John Goetz, Jakob Augstein, Emily Dische-Becker da Sami Ben Garbia, lauyoyi Eric Lewis da Barry Pollack, da Dokta Sondra Crosby, wani likita ne da ya duba Assange yayin da yake Ofishin Jakadancin Ecuador, inda ya zauna kusan shekaru bakwai bayan da ya nemi mafaka a shekarar 2012.

Shari'ar tsaro (duba nan da kuma nan) da batun gabatar da kara (duba nan) an samar dashi ta Gadaji don 'Yancin Yada Labarai, wanda "ke aiki don ilmantar da jama'a da kuma manyan masu ruwa da tsaki game da barazanar da ake yiwa 'yanci na' yan jarida a duk fagen rahoton dijital na zamani," kuma kungiyar tana kuma gabatar da bayanan shaidu a yayin da shaidun suka bayyana - zuwa yau, farfesa a Amurka kan aikin jarida. Mark Feldstein (duba nan da kuma nan), lauya Clive Stafford Smith, wanda ya kafa Reprieve (duba nan), Paul Rogers, farfesa a fannin nazarin zaman lafiya a Jami'ar Bradford (duba nan), da Trevor Timm na Gidauniyar 'Yan Jarida (duba nan).

Duk da wannan - da makonnin shaidun kwararru masu zuwa - gaskiyar magana ita ce bai kamata a saurari waɗannan karar kwata-kwata ba. A yayin gabatar da bayanan da Manning ya fallasa a bainar jama'a, WikiLeaks yana aiki ne a matsayin mai bugawa, kuma, yayin da a fili yake gwamnatoci ba sa son shaidar da ake bugawa game da asirinsu da laifuffukansu, daya daga cikin bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin wata al'umma mai 'yanci da mulkin kama karya ita ce , a cikin al'umma mai 'yanci, ba a hukunta waɗanda suka buga bayanan sirri da ke sukar gwamnatocinsu ta hanyoyin doka don yin hakan. A Amurka, Kwaskwarimar Farko ga Tsarin Mulkin Amurka, wanda ke ba da 'yancin faɗin albarkacin baki, ana nufin hana abin da ke faruwa a halin yanzu game da batun Julian Assange.

Bugu da kari, wajen buga takardun da Manning, Assange da WikiLeaks suka fallasa ba su kadai suke aiki ba; maimakon haka, sun yi aiki tare da manyan jaridu masu martaba, don haka, idan za a yi magana cewa Assange da WikiLeaks suna aikata laifi, to haka ma masu bugawa da editocin na New York Times, da Washington Post, da Guardian da dukkan sauran jaridun duniya da suka yi aiki tare da Assange kan sakin wadannan takardu, kamar yadda na yi bayani lokacin da aka fara kama Assange da tuhumar shi a shekarar da ta gabata, a cikin kasidu masu taken, Kare Julian Assange da WikiLeaks: 'Yancin' Yan Jarida Ya Dogara Da Shi da kuma Dakatar da Turawa: Idan Julian Assange yana da Laifin leken asiri, to haka ma New York Times, Mai Tsaro da Sauran Kafafen Yada Labarai da Dama, kuma, a cikin watan Fabrairun wannan shekara, a wata kasida mai taken, Kira ga Kafafen Yada Labarai don Kare 'Yancin' Yan Jarida da adawa da Tsarin Maƙarƙashiyar Julian Assange zuwa Amurka.

Tushen da ake zargin Amurka da shi na gurfanar da Assange shi ne Dokar Zagon kasa ta 1917, wacce aka yi ta sukarta sosai. Rahoton a cikin 2015 ta Cibiyar PEN ta Amurka da aka samo, kamar wikipedia ya bayyana, cewa "kusan dukkan wakilan da ba na gwamnati ba da suka tattauna da su, gami da masu fafutuka, lauyoyi, 'yan jarida da masu fallasa bayanan sirrin,' sun yi tunanin an yi amfani da Dokar Sako ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba a cikin kwararar bayanan da ke da wani bangare na muradun jama'a. '' Kamar yadda PEN ta bayyana," masana sun bayyana shi a matsayin 'kayan aiki marasa dadi,' 'mai karfi, mai fadi kuma mai danniya,' kayan aiki na tsoratarwa, '' kwantar da hankalin 'yanci, da kuma' abin hawa mara kyau don gurfanar da masu bayar da labarai da masu tsegumi. '

Shugaba Obama ya yi niyyar neman Julian Assange ya mika shi, amma ya kammala daidai cewa yin hakan zai haifar da mummunan hari da ba a yarda da shi ba a kan 'yancin' yan jarida. Kamar yadda Charlie Savage ya bayyana a cikin New York Times Labarin lokacin da aka gurfanar da Assange, gwamnatin Obama ta "auna cajin Mista Assange, amma ta yi watsi da wannan matakin saboda tsoron cewa zai sanyaya aikin jarida a binciken kuma za a iya buge shi a matsayin wanda ya saba wa tsarin mulki."

Donald Trump da gwamnatinsa, ba su da irin wannan matsalar, kuma lokacin da suka yanke shawarar ci gaba da neman mikawa Assange, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta kyale kyamarta ga wanda ya kirkiro WikiLeaks ya yi watsi da abin da ya kamata ya kasance na kare kanta ga 'yancin kafofin yada labarai buga littattafan da suke da maslaha, amma kuma gwamnatoci ba za su so a buga shi ba, a zaman wani bangare na aikin da ake bukata na al'umar da ta fahimci bukatar duba da daidaito kan cikakken iko, wanda kafofin watsa labarai za su iya, kuma ya kamata su taka muhimmiyar rawa .

Duk da fitina a bayyane kan 'yancin' yan jarida da shari'ar Assange ke wakilta, gwamnatin Amurka - kuma, mai yiwuwa, magoya bayanta a cikin gwamnatin Burtaniya - suna riya cewa abin da shari'ar take a zahiri shi ne aikata laifi a bangaren Assange don tabbatar da bayanan da daga baya aka buga shi, da rashin kulawa ga lafiyar mutane a cikin fayilolin da aka bayyana sunayensu.

Na farko daga cikin wadannan zarge-zargen, wanda ba a buga ba a ranar da aka kama Assange (11 ga Afrilun bara), ya yi zargin cewa ya yi kokarin taimakawa Manning ya yi kutse cikin kwamfutar gwamnati don kaucewa ganowa, tuhumar da ke dauke da hukuncin daurin shekaru biyar, wanda hakika an saka shi cikin gwajin Manning.

Koyaya, tuhumar leken asirin 17 sun shafi sabon yanki, "mai da hankali," kamar yadda Charlie Savage ya bayyana shi, "a kan wasu fayel ɗin fayiloli waɗanda ke ɗauke da sunayen mutanen da suka ba da bayanai ga Amurka a wurare masu haɗari kamar yankunan Afghanistan da Iraq. , da kasashe masu iko irin su China, Iran da Syria. ”

Kamar yadda Savage ya kara da cewa, “Shaidun da aka gabatar a cikin tuhumar da ake yi wa Mista Assange an tsara su ne a kan bayanan da masu gabatar da kara na soja suka gabatar a shari’ar soja da kotu ta yi da 2013 a kan Misis Manning. Masu gabatar da kara a shari’arta sun kuma yi zargin cewa abin da ta aikata na cikin hadari ga mutanen da sunayensu suka bayyana a cikin takardu lokacin da Mista Assange ya wallafa su, duk da cewa ba su gabatar da wata shaida da ke nuna cewa an kashe wani sakamakon hakan ba. ”

Ya kamata wannan magana ta ƙarshe ta kasance mai mahimmanci, amma Savage ta lura cewa wani jami'in Ma'aikatar Shari'a "ya ƙi faɗin ko akwai irin wannan shaidar a yanzu, amma ya jaddada cewa masu gabatar da kara za su buƙaci a gaban kotu kawai abin da suka faɗa a cikin tuhumar: wannan littafin jefa mutane cikin haɗari. ”

Idan aka sake shi kuma aka yi nasarar gurfanar da shi, Assange zai fuskanci hukuncin shekara 175, wanda ya same ni a matsayin wuce gona da iri saboda na "sanya mutane cikin hadari," amma fa komai game da wannan shari'ar ya wuce gona da iri, ba kalla ba a hanyar da gwamnatin Amurka ke jin tana da canza dokokin duk lokacin da yake so.

A watan Yuni, alal misali, Amurka ta watsar da tuhumar da ake yi yanzu kuma ta gabatar da wani sabo, tare da karin ikirarin cewa Assange ya yi kokarin daukar wasu masu satar bayanan - kamar dai gabatar da tuhumar da ake yi irin wannan dabi'a ce ta al'ada, idan ba komai amma.

Yayin da aka fara sauraren karar a ranar Litinin, Mark Summers QC, daya daga cikin lauyoyin Assange, ya kira bayar da karar da cewa "ba daidai ba ne, rashin adalci ne da kuma haifar da rashin adalci." Kamar yadda Guardian ya bayyana, Summers ya ce ƙarin kayan "sun fito fili," kuma "sun gabatar da ƙarin zarge-zargen aikata laifuka waɗanda ta yi ikirarin da kansu na iya zama mabanbantan dalilai na maido da su, kamar satar bayanai daga bankuna, samun bayanai kan bin diddigin motocin 'yan sanda , kuma da alama 'taimaka wa mai tsegumi [Edward Snowden] a Hong Kong.' ”

Kamar yadda Summers ya ci gaba da bayani, “Wannan shi ne ainihin sabo da ake nema,” wanda aka ce, “an gabatar da shi a takaice a lokacin da aka‘ hana Assange yin magana da lauyoyin da ke kare shi. Ya kuma ce Assange da lauyoyinsa sun yi imanin cewa an gabatar da karin kayan ne kuma abin takaici ne, saboda "Amurka ta ga karfin shari'ar kuma ta yi tunanin za su yi asara." Ya roki Alkali Vanessa Baraitser “da ta yi‘ karin bayani ko kuma ta yi watsi da karin tuhumar da ake yi wa Amurka, ”kuma ya nemi a jinkirta sauraron karar, amma Alkali Baraitser ya ki.

Abin jira a gani shi ne, yayin da shari’ar ke ci gaba, wadanda ke kare Assange za su iya shawo kan alkalin ya ki amincewa da bukatar Amurka ta tasa keyarsu. Da alama ba zai yuwu ba, amma wani muhimmin al'amari na yarjejeniyar mika shi shi ne bai kamata a yi laifin siyasa ba, duk da cewa wannan shi ne ainihin abin da gwamnatin Amurka ke da'awa, musamman ta hanyar amfani da Dokar Sako. Kamar yadda wani lauyan Assange, Edward Fitzgerald QC, ya bayyana, a cikin hujjar kare kansa, wanda ya rubuta, gurfanar da Assange "ana bin sa ne saboda wata manufa ta siyasa ba tare da kyakkyawar niyya ba".

Kamar yadda ya kara bayani “Neman (Amurka) na neman mika shi don abin da ya zama 'laifin siyasa na yau da kullun'. Prohibitedarin fitar da laifi don siyasa an hana shi sarai ta hanyar sakin layi na 4 (1) na yarjejeniyar bautar da Anglo-Amurka. Saboda haka, ya zama cin zarafin wannan kotun don buƙatar wannan kotun ta ba da ita bisa tushen yarjejeniyar Anglo da Amurka don keta yarjejeniyar da aka bayyana. ”

Andy Worthington ɗan jarida mai bincike ne mai zaman kansa, ɗan gwagwarmaya, marubuci, daukar hoto, mai shirya fim da kuma mawaƙin-songwriter (babban mawaƙi kuma babban marubucin waƙa don ƙungiyar da ke Landan Ubanni Hudu, wanda wakar sa samuwa ta Bandcamp).