Gélin Buteau (Haiti), Guede tare da Drum, ca. 1995.
By Tricontinental, Oktoba 25, 2022
Dear abokai,
Gaisuwa daga tebur na Tricontinental: Cibiyar Nazarin Zamantakewa.
A taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2022, Ministan Harkokin Wajen Haiti Jean Victor Geneus ya yarda cewa kasarsa na fuskantar mummunan rikici, wanda ya ya ce 'za a iya warwarewa kawai tare da ingantaccen goyon bayan abokan aikinmu'. Ga yawancin masu lura da al'amuran da ke faruwa a Haiti, kalmar 'tallafi mai inganci' ta yi kama da Geneus yana nuni da cewa wani tsoma bakin soja daga kasashen yammacin Turai ya kusa. Lalle ne, kwana biyu kafin bayanin Geneus, The Washington Post ya buga wani edita kan halin da ake ciki a Haiti kira don 'aikin tsoka ta ƴan wasan waje'. A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, Amurka da Kanada sun ba da sanarwar sanarwa hadin gwiwa inda suka bayyana cewa sun aike da jiragen yaki zuwa kasar Haiti domin kai makamai ga jami'an tsaron kasar ta Haiti. A wannan rana, Amurka ta gabatar da daftarin aiki Ƙuduri ga Kwamitin Sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya yana kira da a gaggauta tura dakarun gaggawa na kasa da kasa zuwa Haiti.
Tun lokacin da juyin juya halin Haiti ya sami 'yancin kai daga Faransa a shekara ta 1804, Haiti ta fuskanci sauye-sauye na mamayewa, ciki har da Amurka na tsawon shekaru goma. zama daga 1915 zuwa 1934, wanda Amurka ke marawa baya mulkin kama karya daga 1957 zuwa 1986, biyu masu goyon bayan Yamma kisa da tsohon shugaban kasar Jean-Bertrand Aristide mai ci a 1991 da 2004, da kuma sojan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. baki daga 2004 zuwa 2017. Wadannan mamayar sun hana Haiti samun ikon mallakarta kuma sun hana al'ummarta gina rayuwa mai mutunci. Wani mamayewa, na sojojin Amurka da Kanada ko na dakarun wanzar da zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, zai kara dagula rikicin. Tricontinental: Cibiyar Nazarin zamantakewa, da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, AlBA Motsi, Da Plateforme Haïtienne de Plaidoyer zuba un Haɓaka Madadin ('Haitian Advocacy Platform for Alternative Development' ko PAPDA) sun samar da jan faɗakarwa game da halin da ake ciki a Haiti, wanda za'a iya samuwa a ƙasa kuma zazzage shi azaman PDF
Me ke faruwa a Haiti?
Wani sanannen tawaye ya bayyana a Haiti a cikin 2022. Waɗannan zanga-zangar ita ce ci gaba da sake zagayowar juriya da ta fara a cikin 2016 don mayar da martani ga rikicin zamantakewar da aka samu ta hanyar juyin mulki a 1991 da 2004, girgizar kasa a 2010, da Hurricane Matthew a 2016. Fiye da karni guda, duk wani yunƙuri na mutanen Haiti na ficewa daga tsarin necolonial da sojojin Amurka suka kafa (1915-34) ya gamu da shisshigin soja da na tattalin arziki don kiyaye shi. Tsarin mulki da cin zarafi da wannan tsarin ya kafa ya talauta al'ummar Haiti, tare da yawancin jama'a ba su da damar samun ruwan sha, kiwon lafiya, ilimi, ko gidaje masu kyau. Daga cikin mutane miliyan 11.4 na Haiti, miliyan 4.6 ne rashin tsaro kuma 70% su ne rashin aiki.
Manuel Mathieu (Haiti), Rempart ('Rampart'), 2018.
Kalmar Haitian Creole dechoukaj ko 'tuɓe' - wanda ya kasance da farko amfani a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu fafutukar tabbatar da dimokraɗiyya na 1986 waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da mulkin kama-karya da Amurka ke marawa baya - sun zo. ayyana zanga-zangar da ake yi a yanzu. Gwamnatin Haiti karkashin jagorancin firaministan riko kuma shugaban kasar Ariel Henry, ta kara farashin man fetur a lokacin wannan rikicin, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zanga daga kungiyoyin kwadago tare da zurfafa harkar. Henry ne shigar zuwa post dinsa a 2021 by theGroupungiyar Core' (wadanda suka kunshi kasashe shida da Amurka, Tarayyar Turai, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da Kungiyar Kasashen Amurka) ke jagoranta bayan kisan tsohon shugaban kasar Jovenel Moise. Ko da yake har yanzu ba a warware ba, haka ne bayyananne cewa an kashe Moïse ne da wata makarkashiyar da ta hada da jam’iyya mai mulki, kungiyoyin masu safarar miyagun kwayoyi, ‘yan amshin shatan Colombia, da kuma jami’an leken asirin Amurka. Helen La Lime ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya gaya Kwamitin Sulhu a watan Fabrairu ya ce binciken kasa kan kisan Moïse ya tsaya cik, lamarin da ya kara rura wutar jita-jita tare da kara zato da rashin yarda a cikin kasar.
Fritzner Lamour (Haiti), Poste Ravine Pintade, ca. 1980.
Ta yaya sojojin necolonialism suka yi?
Amurka da Kanada suna yanzu arming Haramtacciyar gwamnatin Henry da shirin shiga soja a Haiti. A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, Amurka ta gabatar da daftarin aiki Ƙuduri ga Kwamitin Sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya yana kira da a gaggauta tura dakarun gaggawa na kasa da kasa a kasar. Wannan zai zama babi na baya-bayan nan cikin sama da ƙarni biyu na tsoma bakin da ƙasashen Yamma suka yi a Haiti. Tun daga juyin juya halin Haiti na 1804, sojojin mulkin mallaka (ciki har da masu mallakar bayi) sun shiga tsakani ta hanyar soja da tattalin arziki a kan ƙungiyoyin mutane da ke neman kawo karshen tsarin necolonial. A baya-bayan nan dai, wadannan dakarun sun shiga kasar ne a karkashin inuwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta hanyar tawagar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta MDD a Haiti (MINUSTAH), wacce ke aiki daga shekarar 2004 zuwa 2017. Ci gaba da shiga tsakani da sunan 'yancin dan Adam zai tabbatar da hakan ne kawai. Tsarin neocolonial wanda Ariel Henry ke gudanarwa yanzu kuma zai zama bala'i ga al'ummar Haiti, waɗanda ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi ke hana motsin su gaba. halitta da kuma inganta a bayan fage ta Haitian oligarchy, goyon bayan Core Group, da kuma dauke da makamai daga asar Amirka.
Saint Louis Blaise (Haiti), Généraux ('Generals'), 1975.
Ta yaya duniya za ta iya tsayawa tare da Haiti?
Al'ummar Haiti ne kawai za a iya magance rikicin Haiti, amma dole ne su kasance tare da gagarumin karfin hadin kan kasa da kasa. Duniya na iya duba misalan da aka nuna Cuban Medical Brigade, wanda ya fara zuwa Haiti a 1998; ta hanyar Via Campesina/ALBA Movimientos brigade, wadda ta yi aiki tare da ƙungiyoyi masu ban sha'awa game da sake dazuzzuka da kuma sanannun ilimi tun 2009; kuma ta hanyar taimako Gwamnatin Venezuela ce ta samar, wanda ya hada da rangwamen mai. Yana da mahimmanci ga waɗanda ke tsaye cikin haɗin kai tare da Haiti su buƙaci, aƙalla:
- Faransa da Amurka sun ba da diyya ga satar dukiyar Haiti tun 1804, ciki har da samu na zinare da Amurka ta sace a 1914. Faransa kadai bashi Haiti akalla dala biliyan 28.
- cewa Amurka samu Tsibirin Navassa zuwa Haiti.
- cewa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya biya saboda laifukan da MINUSTAH ta aikata, wanda dakarunta suka kashe dubun-dubatar al'ummar Haiti, suka yi wa mata fyade da yawa, tare da gabatar da su. kwalara cikin kasar.
- cewa a ba wa al'ummar Haiti damar gina tsarin mulkin kansu, masu mutunci, da adalci na siyasa da tattalin arziki da samar da ilimi da tsarin kiwon lafiya wanda zai iya biyan bukatun jama'a.
- cewa duk dakarun da ke da ci gaba suna adawa da mamayar sojojin Haiti.
Marie-Hélène Cauvin (Haiti), Trinité ('Trinity'), 2003
Bukatun hankali a cikin wannan jan faɗakarwa baya buƙatar ƙarin bayani, amma suna buƙatar haɓakawa.
Kasashen yammacin duniya za su yi magana game da wannan sabon tsoma bakin soja tare da kalmomi kamar 'maido da mulkin demokraɗiyya' da 'kare 'yancin ɗan adam'. Kalmomin 'dimokuradiyya' da 'yancin ɗan adam' ana wulakanta su a waɗannan lokuta. An baje kolin hakan a babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a watan Satumba, lokacin da shugaban Amurka Joe Biden ya ce cewa gwamnatinsa ta ci gaba da 'tsaya tare da makwabcinmu a Haiti'. An bayyana fanko na waɗannan kalmomi a cikin sabuwar kungiyar Amnesty International Rahoton wanda ya rubuta cin zarafin wariyar launin fata da masu neman mafakar Haiti ke fuskanta a Amurka. Amurka da Core Group na iya tsayawa tare da mutane kamar Ariel Henry da Haitian oligarchy, amma ba sa tsayawa tare da mutanen Haiti, gami da waɗanda suka yi gudun hijira zuwa Amurka.
A shekara ta 1957, marubucin ɗan gurguzu na Haiti Jacques-Stéphen Alexis ya buga wa ƙasarsa wasiƙa mai suna. La belle amour humaine ('Kyakkyawan Soyayyar Dan Adam'). "Ba na tsammanin cewa nasarar ɗabi'a na iya faruwa da kanta ba tare da ayyukan mutane ba," Alexis rubuta. Dan zuriyar Jean-Jacques Dessalines, daya daga cikin masu juyin-juya hali da suka hambarar da mulkin Faransa a 1804, Alexis ya rubuta litattafai don daukaka ruhin dan Adam, babban taimako ga Yakin Hankali a kasarsa. A cikin 1959, Alexis ya kafa Parti pour l'Entente Nationale ('Jam'iyyar Consensus Party'). A ranar 2 ga Yunin 1960, Alexis ya rubuta wa shugaban mulkin kama-karya mai samun goyon bayan Amurka François 'Papa Doc' Duvalier don ya sanar da shi cewa shi da kasarsa za su shawo kan tashin hankalin mulkin kama-karya. "A matsayin mutum kuma a matsayin dan kasa," Alexis ya rubuta, "ba shi da wuya a ji motsin mummunar cutar, wannan jinkirin mutuwa, wanda a kowace rana ya kai mutanenmu zuwa makabartar al'ummomi kamar pachyderms da suka ji rauni zuwa necropolis na giwaye. '. Jama'a ne kawai za su iya dakatar da wannan tattakin. An tilastawa Alexis yin gudun hijira a birnin Moscow, inda ya halarci taron jam'iyyun gurguzu na kasa da kasa. Lokacin da ya dawo Haiti a watan Afrilu 1961, an sace shi a Môle-Saint-Nicolas kuma mulkin kama-karya ya kashe shi jim kadan bayan haka. A cikin wasiƙarsa zuwa ga Duvalier, Alexis ya ce, 'mu yaran nan gaba ne'.
Warmly,
Vijay
