Jirgin Sama na Faransa daga l'Air et de l'Espace Atlas jirgin sama. Rahotonmu kan hayakin EU CO2 ya gano cewa Faransa ta kasance babbar mai aika aika, godiya ga manyan dakarunta da ayyukanta na aiki. Credit: Armée de l'Air et de l'Espace / Olivier Ravenel
By Rikici da Muhalli Observatory, Fabrairu 23, 2021
Takaddun carbon na ɓangaren sojan EU yana da mahimmanci - sojoji da masana'antun da ke tallafa musu dole ne su ƙara himma don tattara abubuwan fitowar su.
Ba a cire sojoji daga bayar da rahoto a fili game da hayakin da suke fitarwa (GHG) kuma a halin yanzu babu ingantaccen rahoto na jama'a game da hayakin GHG ga sojojin kasa na Tarayyar Turai. Kamar yadda manyan masu amfani da burbushin mai, kuma tare da kashe sojan akan karuwar, babban bincike da kuma rage yawan makasudin da suka hada da fitowar GHG daga sojoji. Stuart Parkinson da Linsey Cottrell sun gabatar da rahotonsu na kwanan nan, wanda ke nazarin sawun ƙarancin carbon na ɓangaren sojojin EU.
Gabatarwa
Magance matsalar sauyin yanayi a duniya na buƙatar aiwatar da canji ta kowane ɓangare, gami da sojoji. A watan Oktoba 2020, Rikici da Kula da Muhalli (ShugabaBS) da Masana kimiyya don Nauyin Duniya (GSC) byungiyar Hagu a cikin Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ()GUE / NGL) don gudanar da cikakken bincike game da sawun carbon na sojojin EU, gami da duka sojojin kasa, da masana'antar fasahar soji da ke cikin EU. Binciken ya kuma kalli manufofi da nufin rage fitar hayaki mai iska.
SGR ya wallafa rahoto kan tasirin muhalli na Sojojin Burtaniya bangare a cikin Mayu 2020, wanda ya kimanta sawun sawun carbon na sojojin Burtaniya kuma ya kwatanta hakan da alkaluman da Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Burtaniya ta wallafa. Anyi amfani da irin wannan hanyar wacce aka yi amfani da ita ga rahoton SGR na Burtaniya don kimanta sawun carbon ga sojojin EU.
Kimanta sawun sawun carbon
Don kimanta sawun carbon, an yi amfani da bayanan da ke akwai daga bangarorin gwamnati da na masana'antu daga manyan kasashe shida na EU dangane da kashe sojoji, da EU baki daya. Saboda haka rahoton ya mai da hankali kan Faransa, Jamus, Italia, Netherlands, Poland da Spain. Rahoton ya kuma sake nazarin manufofi da matakan da ake bi a yanzu don rage hayakin GHG na soja a cikin EU, da kuma yiwuwar tasirin su.
Daga bayanan da ke akwai, ƙafafun carbon na kashe kuɗin sojan EU a cikin 2019 an kiyasta kusan miliyan 24.8 tCO2e.1 Wannan yayi daidai da shekara-shekara CO2 hayaki mai iska kimanin miliyan 14 na matsakaita motoci amma ana ɗaukar kimantawa na masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, saboda yawancin batutuwan ingancin bayanai da muka gano. Wannan yana kwantanta da sawun carbon na kuɗin sojan Burtaniya a cikin 2018 wanda aka kiyasta kimanin miliyan 11 tCO2e a baya Rahoton SGR.
Tare da mafi girman kashe sojoji a cikin EU,2 An gano Faransa ta ba da gudummawar kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na jimlar sawun ƙafafun carbon ga sojojin EU. Daga cikin kamfanonin fasahar soji da ke aiki a cikin EU wadanda aka bincika, PGZ (wanda ke zaune a Poland), Airbus, Leonardo, Rheinmetall, da Thales an yanke musu hukunci cewa suna da mafi yawan fitowar GHG. Wasu kamfanonin fasahar soji ba su buga bayanan hayakin GHG a fili ba, gami da MBDA, Hensoldt, KMW, da Nexter.
Nuna gaskiya da rahoto
Duk Memberasashe mambobin EU suna cikin yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC), wanda a ƙarƙashinsa aka wajabta musu buga fitarwa na fitar da hayakin GHG shekara-shekara. Sau da yawa ana ambata tsaro na ƙasa a matsayin dalilin ba da gudummawar bayanai game da hayaƙin soji zuwa ga UNFCCC. Koyaya, idan aka ba da matakin fasaha na yanzu, bayanan kuɗi da muhalli da aka riga aka samu a fili, wannan hujja ce mara gamsarwa, musamman tunda yawancin ƙasashe EU sun riga sun buga adadi mai yawa na bayanan soji.
| Tarayyar EU | Haɗin GHG na soja (ya ruwaito)a MtCO2e |
Alamar Carbon (kimantawa)b MtCO2e |
|---|---|---|
| Faransa | Ba a ruwaito ba | 8.38 |
| Jamus | 0.75 | 4.53 |
| Italiya | 0.34 | 2.13 |
| Netherlands | 0.15 | 1.25 |
| Poland | Ba a ruwaito ba | Dataarancin bayanai |
| Spain | 0.45 | 2.79 |
| Jimlar EU (ƙasashe 27) | 4.52 | 24.83 |
| a. Lambobin 2018 kamar yadda aka ruwaito ga UNFCCC. b. Lissafin 2019 kamar yadda rahoton ShugabaBS / SGR ya kiyasta. |
A halin yanzu akwai shirye-shirye da yawa don bincika da tallafawa motsi don rage amfani da makamashin carbon a cikin sojoji, gami da makircin ƙasa da ƙasa wanda byungiyar Tsaro ta Turai da NATO suka kafa. Misali, Actionungiyar Ayyuka ta ternalasashen Turai (EEAS) ta buga Canjin Yanayi da Taswirar Tsaro a cikin Nuwamba 2020, wanda ke tsara matakan gajere, matsakaici da na dogon lokaci don magance wadannan matsalolin, gami da inganta ingantaccen makamashi. Koyaya, yana da wahala a auna ingancin su ba tare da cikakken rahoton fitowar GHG yana kasancewa ko buga shi ba. Mafi mahimmanci, babu ɗayan waɗannan ƙaddamarwar da ke la'akari da canje-canje ga manufofi game da tsarin ƙarfin soja a matsayin hanyar rage fitar da hayaƙi. Saboda haka, ana rasa yiwuwar, misali, don yarjejeniyar kwance damarar yaki don taimakawa magance gurbatar yanayi ta hanyar rage saye, turawa, da amfani da kayan aikin soja.
Daga cikin Memberasashen EU 27, 21 kuma membobin NATO ne.3 Sakatare Janar na NATO ya amince da bukatar NATO da rundunonin soji su ba da gudummawa don kaiwa ga iska mai gurbatacciyar iska ta 2050 a cikin wani jawabi a Satumba 2020. Koyaya, matsin lamba don ƙara yawan kuɗaɗen soji don kaiwa makasudin NATO na iya lalata wannan manufar. Tabbas, rashin ingancin rahoton fitar hayaki a cikin wannan ɓangaren yana nufin cewa babu wanda ya san ainihin hayaƙin carbon ɗin soja yana fadowa ko a'a. Babban mahimmin mataki shine don membobin membobin suyi lissafin takamaiman takun sawun ƙarancin sojojin su sannan suyi rahoton waɗannan adadi. Mafi wahalarwa shine shawo kan dukkan membobin don aiwatar da irin wannan yanayi da kuma rage tasirin carbon yayin da ba a fifita manufofin yanayi daidai a tsakanin ƙasashe.
Ana buƙatar aiki
Rahoton ShugabaBS / SGR ya gano yawancin ayyukan fifiko. Musamman, mun yi jayayya cewa ya kamata a yi bita na gaggawa daga dabarun tsaro na kasa da na kasa da kasa don bincika yiwuwar rage tura sojoji - don haka rage fitowar GHG ta hanyoyin da gwamnatocin EU (ko kuma wasu wurare ba su yi la'akari da su ba) ). Irin wannan bita ya kamata ya hada da mai da hankali kan burin 'tsaron dan Adam' - musamman la'akari da shi, alal misali, rashin kulawa da lafiya da fifikon muhalli a kwanan nan ya haifar da tsada mai yawa ga al'umma yayin da take kokarin magance cutar ta COVID-19 da da sauyin yanayi.
Mun kuma yi jayayya cewa ya kamata duk ƙasashen EU su buga bayanan ƙasa game da hayaƙin GHG na sojojinsu da masana'antar fasahar soji a matsayin ƙa'idar aiki, kuma bayar da rahoto ya zama na gaskiya, daidaito da kamantawa. Hakanan ya kamata a saita maƙasudin buƙata don rage hayaƙin GHG na soja - daidai da 1.5oAn ƙayyade matakin C a cikin Yarjejeniyar Paris. Wannan na iya haɗawa da maƙasudi don sauyawa zuwa makamashi mai sabuntawa daga tashoshin ƙasa da saka hannun jari cikin sabuntawar yanar gizo, gami da takamaiman ragin ragewa don masana'antar fasahar soja. Koyaya, bai kamata a yi amfani da waɗannan matakan azaman hanyar guje wa canje-canje a cikin manyan manufofin tsaro da manufofin soja ba.
Bugu da ƙari, an ba da cewa thean tawayen EU su ne mafi girman mallakar ƙasa a Turai, ya kamata kuma a inganta filayen mallakar sojoji don inganta haɓakar carbon da bambancin halittu, da kuma amfani da su don samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa a wurin in da ya dace.
Tare da kamfen din #BuildBackBetter bin annobar COVID-19, ya kamata a sami matsin lamba sosai a kan sojoji don tabbatar da cewa ayyukansu sun yi daidai da burin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi da makasudin bambancin halittu.
Kuna iya karanta cikakken rahoton nan.
Stuart Parkinson shine Babban Darakta na SGR kuma Linsey Cottrell shine Babban Jami'in Manufofin Muhalli a ShugabaBS. Godiyarmu ga GUE / NGL wanda ya ba da rahoton.
