Hoton daga https://worldbeyondwar.org/militarism-mapped
By David Swanson, World BEYOND War, Oktoba 13, 2021
Daular har yanzu (ko sabuwa, kamar yadda ba koyaushe ba) batu ne mai taɓawa a Daular Amurka. Yawancin mutane a Amurka za su musanta cewa Amurka ta taɓa samun daula, kawai saboda ba su taɓa jin labarin ta ba, don haka dole ne ta wanzu. Kuma waɗanda ke son yin magana game da daular Amurka mafi yawa ko dai sun kasance masu goyan bayan gwagwarmayar gwagwarmayar yaƙi da mulkin mallaka (kamar yadda aka sani a da.
Damuwata da hasashen rugujewar masarautar Amurka sun haɗa da (1) kamar tsinkayen farin ciki na “babban mai” - lokacin ɗaukaka wanda ba a taɓa hasashen zai zo ba kafin a ƙone isasshen mai don kawar da rayuwa a Duniya - wanda ake tsammanin ƙarshen daular Amurka shine ba a ba da tabbacin zuwa nan da nan ta hanyar ƙwallon kristal na kowa don hana muhallin ko lalata makaman nukiliya na komai da komai; (2) kamar ci gaba da mamaye Majalisa ko kifar da Assad da tashin hankali ko maido da Trump, tsinkaya gabaɗaya kamar ba ƙaramin buri bane; da (3) yin hasashen cewa abubuwa za su faru babu makawa ba sa haifar da ƙoƙarin mafi girma don sa su faru.
Dalilin da muke buƙatar yin aiki don kawo ƙarshen daular ba kawai don hanzarta abubuwa tare ba, har ma don ƙayyade yadda masarauta ke ƙare, kuma don ƙarewa, ba daular kawai ba, amma gaba ɗaya cibiyar masarautar. Daular Amurka ta sansanonin soji, siyar da makamai, sarrafa mayaƙan ƙasashen waje, juyin mulki, yaƙe-yaƙe, barazanar yaƙe-yaƙe, kashe-kashen drone, takunkumin tattalin arziki, farfaganda, lamunin lamuni, da sabotage/haɗin gwiwa na dokar ƙasa da ƙasa ya bambanta da daulolin da suka gabata. Masarautar Sinawa, ko kuma wasu, daula za ta zama sabuwa kuma ba a taɓa yin irinta ba. Amma idan yana nufin sanya tsarin dimokiradiyya na cutarwa da manufofin da ba a so a yawancin duniyar, to zai zama daula kuma zai rufe makomarmu kamar ta yanzu.
Abin da zai iya taimakawa zai zama bayanan tarihi na ido-da-ido na dauloli masu tasowa da faɗuwa, wanda wani ya san duk wannan kuma ya sadaukar da shi ga duka biyun ta hanyar farfagandar ƙarni da gujewa bayani mai sauƙi. Kuma cewa yanzu muna da Alfred W. McCoy's Don Gudanar da Duniya: Umarni na Duniya da Canjin Bala'i, yawon shakatawa mai shafi 300 ta daulolin da suka gabata da na yanzu, gami da daulolin Portugal da Spain. McCoy yana ba da cikakken bayani game da gudummawar waɗannan daulolin zuwa kisan kare dangi, bautar ƙasa, kuma - sabanin haka - tattaunawar haƙƙin ɗan adam. McCoy yana yin musayar ra'ayoyin alƙaluma, tattalin arziki, soja, al'adu, da abubuwan tattalin arziki, tare da yin la'akari da abin da a yau za mu kira dangantakar jama'a. Ya lura, alal misali, cewa a cikin 1621 Dutch sun yi tir da zaluncin Mutanen Espanya a cikin yin shari'ar mamaye yankunan Spain.
McCoy ya haɗa da asusun abin da ya kira "Masarautun Ciniki da Babban Jari," wato Dutch, British, and French, wanda Kamfanin Dutch East India Company da sauran 'yan fashin kamfani ke jagoranta, da kuma lissafin yadda ra'ayoyi daban -daban na dokar ƙasa da ƙasa da dokokin yaki da zaman lafiya sun taso daga wannan mahallin. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa na wannan asusun shine gwargwadon yadda kasuwancin Burtaniya na bautar da mutane daga Afirka ya haɗa da siyar da ɗaruruwan dubban bindigogi ga 'yan Afirka, wanda ya haifar da mummunan tashin hankali a Afirka, kamar yadda shigo da makamai zuwa yankuna iri ɗaya ke yi. har zuwa yau.
An bayyana masarautar Burtaniya a cikin littafin, gami da wasu hasashe na ƙaunataccen gwarzon ɗan adam Winston Churchill wanda ke shelar kisan mutane 10,800 inda sojojin Birtaniyya 49 kawai aka kashe don zama “babbar nasara mafi girma da makaman kimiyya suka samu. masu barna. ” Amma yawancin littafin ya mai da hankali ne kan ƙirƙirar da kuma kula da daular Amurka. McCoy ya lura cewa "A cikin shekaru 20 da suka biyo bayan [WWII], masarautu goma da suka yi mulkin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na bil'adama za su ba da dama ga sabbin ƙasashe masu cin gashin kansu 100," kuma shafuka da yawa daga baya cewa, "Tsakanin 1958 da 1975, juyin mulkin sojoji, da yawa daga cikinsu wanda Amurkawa ke tallafawa, gwamnatocin da suka canza a cikin kasashe uku dozin-kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na ƙasashe masu mulkin duniya-suna haɓaka wani 'juzu'i mai juyi' a cikin yanayin duniya na dimokuraɗiyya. ” (Tausayawa makomar mutum na farko da ya ambaci hakan a taron Dimokuradiyya na Shugaba Joe Biden.)
McCoy kuma yana duban ci gaban tattalin arziƙi da siyasa na China, gami da ɗamarar bel da himmar hanya, wanda - a dala tiriliyan 1.3 - ya yi wa lakabi da "mafi girman saka hannun jari a tarihin ɗan adam," wataƙila bai ga dala tiriliyan 21 da aka sanya a cikin sojojin Amurka ba. kawai shekaru 20 da suka gabata. Ba kamar adadi mai yawa na mutane akan Twitter ba, McCoy baya hasashen Masarautar China ta duniya kafin Kirsimeti. "Lallai," in ji McCoy, "ban da hauhawar hauhawar tattalin arziƙi da soja, China tana da al'adun nuna kai, tana sake rubuta rubutun da ba na roman ba (yana buƙatar haruffa dubu huɗu maimakon haruffa 26), tsarin siyasa ba na demokraɗiyya ba, da tsarin doka na ƙasa. hakan zai hana shi wasu manyan kayan aikin jagoranci na duniya. ”
McCoy da alama ba ya tunanin cewa gwamnatocin da ke kiran kansu dimokuraɗiyya a zahiri dimokuraɗiyya ce, har zuwa lura da mahimmancin PR na dimokiradiyya da al'adu a cikin daular da ke yaɗuwa, wajibcin yin amfani da "zantuttukan duniya da na gama gari." Daga 1850 zuwa 1940, a cewar McCoy, Biritaniya ta ɗauki al'adar "wasa mai kyau," "kasuwannin 'yanci," da adawa ga bautar, kuma Amurka ta yi amfani da fina -finan Hollywood, kulab ɗin Rotary, shahararrun wasanni, da duk mai taɗi game da " haƙƙin ɗan adam ”yayin ƙaddamar da yaƙe -yaƙe da kuma ɗaukar makamai masu kama -karya.
Dangane da batun rushewar daular, McCoy yana tunanin cewa bala'in muhalli zai rage karfin Amurka don yaƙe -yaƙe na ƙasashen waje. (Zan lura cewa kashe kuɗin sojan Amurka yana ƙaruwa, sojoji suna bar waje na yarjejeniyar sauyin yanayi a faɗin Amurka, da sojojin Amurka inganta Manufar yaƙe -yaƙe a matsayin martani ga bala'in muhalli.) McCoy kuma yana tunanin hauhawar hauhawar farashin jama'a na tsofaffi zai juya Amurka daga kashe soji. (Zan lura cewa kashe kuɗin sojan Amurka yana ƙaruwa, cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnatin Amurka yana haɓaka; rashin daidaiton dukiyar Amurka da talauci yana ƙaruwa; kuma farfagandar daular Amurka ta kawar da tunanin kiwon lafiya a matsayin haƙƙin ɗan adam daga yawancin kwakwalwar Amurka.)
Wataƙila makomar da McCoy ke ba da shawara ita ce duniya tare da Brazil, Amurka, China, Rasha, Indiya, Iran, Afirka ta Kudu, Turkiya, da Masar da ke mamaye sassan duniya. Ba na tsammanin iko da yaduwa na masana'antar kera makamai, ko kuma akidar daular, ta ba da damar hakan. Ina tsammanin wataƙila dole ne mu matsa zuwa bin doka da kwance damarar makamai ko ganin yaƙin duniya. Lokacin da McCoy ya koma kan batun durkushewar yanayi, yana ba da shawarar cewa za a buƙaci cibiyoyin duniya - kamar yadda suka daɗe suna nema. Tambayar ita ce ko za mu iya kafawa da ƙarfafa irin waɗannan cibiyoyi a gaban Masarautar Amurka, komai yawan masarautu da aka samu ko kuma mummunan kamfanin da suke sanya na yanzu.
