Gidajen White Helmets, wanda aka kafa don ceto wadanda aka kama a cikin gine-gine na gine-ginen da Siriya da Rasha suka hallaka, sun zama tushen da aka fi sani ga jaridar labarai na Yammacin Turai wanda ke ba da labari game da harin bom a Syria. An bayyana shi a matsayin jaruntakar agaji a cikin shekaru da suka wuce, har ma da aka zaba don lambar yabo na Nobel a lokacin bazara, an ba da izini ga 'yan jaridun da suka ba da tabbaci game da rikicin Sham.
Duk da haka White Helmets ba shi da wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ba. An kashe kuɗi sosaida Ofishin Jakadancin Amirka da Ofishin Harkokin Wajen Birnin Birtaniya,} ungiyar ke aiki ne kawai, a yankunan da ke arewacin Siriya, da} ungiyar al Qaeda ta ha] a hannu, da kuma abokan hul] a da su, wa] anda ba su da damar yin amfani da su. Idan aka ba da iznin White Helmets a ƙarƙashin ikon waɗanda suke da ikon gaske a gabashin Aleppo da sauran yankuna masu adawa da adawa, toshewar kafofin watsa labarun na Yammacin wannan kungiya don samun bayanai yana da haɗari mai tsanani na kasancewa da maniputa.
Matsayin da ya dace na siyasa na takarar White Helmets dangane da matsin lamba na kasashen waje ya nuna girman kai bayan harin da aka kai a wani jirgin ruwa na Red Crescent dake Syria a yankin Urum al-Kubra, a yammacin Aleppo a watan Satumba na 19. An kai hare-haren nan da nan bayan da aka dakatar da yarjejeniyar tsagaita bude wuta ta Rasha, Amurka da gwamnatin Siriya sun raunana da wani harin da Amurka ta kai a kan sojojin Siriya da ke yaki da Ísis a birnin Deir Ezzor a watan Satumba na 17.
Gwamnatin Obama ta dauka cewa harin ta kasance wani hari ne, sannan ta zarge shi a kan jirgin saman Rasha ko Siriya. Jami'in Amurka wanda ba a san shi ba ya gaya wa New York Times cewa akwai "babbar matsala" cewa jirgin saman Rasha yana kusa da yankin kafin harin, amma gwamnati ba ta ba da shaida ga kowa ba don goyon bayan wannan da'awar. A cikin kwanaki bayan harin, kafofin yada labarai sun dogara da asusun da White Helmets ke bayarwa. Shugabar kungiyar a Aleppo, Ammar Al-Selmo, ta ba su wani bayanan sirri.
Labarin Selmo na labarin ya zama abin ƙyama ga ƙarya; duk da haka, yawancin 'yan jaridu sun shiga shi ba tare da wata hujja ba, kuma sun ci gaba da dogara gareshi don bayani game da fadace-fadacen da ke faruwa a kuma kusa da Aleppo.
Canja labarun yayin da jaridar ta taka tare
Abinda ya faru a baya wanda Shaidun Selmo ya nuna kansa ba daidai ba ne, da'awarsa game da inda ya kasance a lokacin da harin ya fara. Selmo ya fada Time Magazine ranar bayan harin da ya kai mil kilomita ko fiye daga gidan sutura inda aka ajiye motocin agaji a wancan lokaci-watakila a cibiyar White Helmet a Urm al-Kubra. Amma Selmo ya canza labarinsa a cikin hira tare da Washington Post da aka buga a watan Satumba na 24, yana cewa yana "yin shayi a wani gini a fadin titi" a wannan lokacin.
Har ma da karuwa sosai, Selmo ya yi ikirarin cewa ya ga farkon harin. Kamar yadda labarin da aka buga a watan Satumba na 21, Selmo ya ce yana shan shayi a kan baranda lokacin da bom ya fara, kuma "ya iya ganin gangami na farko da ya fado daga abin da aka gano shi a matsayin helicopter na gwamnatin Syria."
Amma Selmo ba zai iya ganin bam din da ya fado daga helikopta ko wani abu ba a wannan lokacin. A cikin bidiyo da aka fara da safe, Selmo ya bayyana cewa harin bom ya fara a game da 7: 30pm. A cikin bayanan baya, White Helmets sanya lokaci a 7: 12pm. Amma faɗuwar rana a kan Satumba 19 ya kasance a 6: 31pm, kuma ta hanyar 7pm, an rufe Aleppo cikin duhu.
Wani wanda ake kira Selmo da hankali ga wannan matsala bayan da aka buga Labarin lokaci, domin a lokacin da ya ba da labarinsa ga Washington Post, ya canza wannan ɓangaren labarin. Post ruwaito Bayanan da ya yi daidai kamar yadda ya ce: "Yin tafiya a kan baranda bayan 7pm, lokacin da ya riga ya wuce, ya ce ya saurari wani jirgi mai saukar jirgin sama kuma ya jefa kwalba guda biyu a kan jirgin."
A cikin bidiyo, White Helmets ya yi dare na harin, Selmo ya ci gaba, yana nuna wani sashi na bidiyo da cewa Gilashi hudu suna ragargazawa An aika da shi a cikin wani, wannan Jirgin guda takwas ya ragargaza an aika. Tunanin da aka yi amfani da fashewar bindigogi da aka yi amfani da su a wannan harin, 'yan gwagwarmayar' yan jarida sun dauki nauyin kai tsaye a madadin hukumomin adawa a Aleppo. BBC sun ruwaito. Wannan batu ya kasance tare da kokarin da magoya bayan adawa suke komawa zuwa 2012 don gano "gangami na bama-bamai" a matsayin makamai masu lalacewa, waɗanda suka fi damuwa fiye da makamai masu linzami.
Shaidun da za a iya samo daga asusun masu fita
In bidiyo White Helmets ne suka samar da dare daga harin, Selmo ya ba da adireshin masu kallo ta hanyar nuna rashin amincewa da tashin hankali. "Kuna ganin akwati na bam din?" In ji shi. Amma abin da aka nuna a cikin bidiyo bidiyon da ke cikin launi ko rubutun da ya bayyana kusan kusan ƙafa mai zurfin ƙafa biyu da fadi da kadan fiye da ƙafa uku. Ya shiga ƙarƙashin ƙasa kuma yana fitar da abin da yake kama da lalacewar kwalba, bisa ga siffarsa.
Wannan yanayin ya tabbatar da da'awar Selmo cewa ya kasance kuskure. Bama-bamai na gangami suna da yawa craters aƙalla 25 ƙafafu fadi kuma fiye da 10 ƙafa zurfi, saboda haka shigar da akwatin kamar in video ba su kama wani abu zuwa ga wani ganga mota bam.
Hussein Badawi, wanda shi ne babban darektan White Helmets na Urum al-Kubra, ya fi kasa da Selmo a matsayi na kungiyar. Badawi ya bayyana a taƙaice kusa da Selmo a wani ɓangare na bidiyon da aka yi a daren amma ya tsaya cik, sai ya ɓace. Duk da haka, Badawi kai tsaye a saba Selmo ya ce da farko fashewar daren ya kasance daga ganga jefa. A cikin White Helmets video wanda aka fassara daga Larabci zuwa harshen Ingilishi, Badawi ya kwatanta fashewar farko ba kamar yadda aka fara ba amma kamar yadda ake kira "roken hudu" a kusa da cibiyar Red Crescent a Urum al-Kubra.
Babu wani shaida na gani na wani dutse irin su da aka halicce shi ta hanyar bama-bamai ya zo haske. A cikin goyon baya ga maganganun Selmo, Rundunar 'Yan Tawaye ta Rundunar Rasha, wadda aka sadaukar da shi don faɗar da'awar gwamnatin Rasha, iya sani kawai da bidiyo na Selmo da ke riƙe da wannan ƙananan ƙarfe na karfe.
Kamfanin Bellingcat, wanda ya kafa Eliot Higgins wani dan uwan da ba a zaune ba ne a rukuni na Rasha, Dokar Atlantic Atlantic ta tallafa wa Gwamnati, kuma ba shi da kwarewar fasaha akan bindigogi, nuna zuwa wannan fannin. Higgins ya yi ikirarin cewa sashin karfe ya fito ne daga "filin jirgin sama". Ya kuma nuna hoto na biyu wanda ya ce ya nuna "babban tsagi" a hanya kusa da motar wuta. Amma yankin a cikin hoton da ya bayyana ya rufe shi da ƙurar sabo ne a fili ba fiye da ƙafa guda uku ba, kuma kadan ya fi kamu biyu kuma-wanda ya yi yawa kuma ya zama shaida na fashewar bam.
Selmo ta White Helmet tawagar kuma rarraba zuwa Bellingcat da kuma kundin shafuka abin da ya bayyana a farko kallo don zama shaida gani na Siriya da kuma Rasha iska hare-haren: da ƙutsaccen kashin na Rasha OfAB-250 bam, wanda za'a iya gani a ƙarƙashin kwalaye a cikin hoto dauka cikin ɗakin ajiya a shafin. Bellingcat cited wadanda hotuna a matsayin shaida ta asibiti game da amfani da Rasha akan wannan bam a harin da aka yi a kan mai ba da taimako.
Amma hotunan na OFAB shi ne matsala mai wuya a matsayin shaida na wani hari. Idan wani bama-bamai na OFAB-250 ya fashe a wancan lokacin, zai bar wani dutse wanda yafi girma fiye da wanda aka nuna shi ne hoton. Daidaitacce mulkin babba shi ne cewa OFAB-250, kamar sauran sauran bama-bamai na musamman wanda yayi la'akari da 250kg zai sanya 24 damfa zuwa 36 ƙafafu da fadi da kuma 10 ko 12 ƙafafu zurfi. An nuna girman girman tasharsa a cikin bidiyo na jarida na Rasha tsaye a daya bayan yakin basasa na birnin Shamyra na Syria, wadda ISIS ta gudanar.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, bangon da ke cikin hoton 'yan ƙafa kaɗan daga abin da ake tsammani na tasiri ba a bayyane yake bam ɗin ya shafa ba. Wannan yana nuna cewa ko dai ba a saka OFAB-250 a cikin wannan wurin ba ko kuma ya kasance dud. Amma hoton kwalaye masu kewaye da OFAB tailfin kuma ya bayyana wasu shaidu cewa akwai fashewa. Kamar yadda mai kallo daya gano daga jarrabawar jarrabawa, akwatunan suna nuna shaidar shrapnel hawaye. A kusa Ɗaya daga cikin kunshin yana nuna alamun ƙananan ramuka.
Abin da kawai ya fi kasa da karfi fiye da bam na OFAB-250 ko bam na bam din zai iya lissafa abubuwan da suke gani. Makamin daya wanda satarsa zai iya haifar da alamar da aka gani a cikin hoton shi ne rukunin S-5 na Rasha, biyu bambance-bambancen wanda ya jefa ko dai 220 ko 360 ƙananan gutsurewa.
A cikin bidiyo Ya sanya dare daga harin, Selmo ya riga ya yi ikirarin cewa jirgin sama na Rasha ya kori S-5s a shafin, ko da yake ya kuskure ya kira su "C-5s." Kuma an ba da hoto na S-5 missiles a Bellingcat da kuma kungiyoyin labarai, ciki har da Washington Post. Selmo insisted zuwa Time mujallu cewa an raba raguwa tsakanin gangami da makamai masu linzami da jiragen saman Rasha suka kori.
Amma kuma Badawi, shugaban White Helmets na Urum al Kubra, ya saba wa Selmo a cikin raba bidiyo, inda ya bayyana cewa an kaddamar da fararen makamai masu linzami daga ƙasa. Shirin Badawi ya kasance muhimmiyar rawa, saboda 'yan adawar Siriya suna da kayan aiki S-5s na Rasha tun daga lokacin da aka kame makamai daga Libya zuwa ga 'yan tawayen da yawa a cikin 2012. Sun kasance suna amfani da S-5 a matsayin yunkurin shimfida lakabi irin su 'yan tawayen Libya, kuma sun tsara masu cin gashin kansu.
Badawi ya yi ikirarin cewa 'yan bindigar hudu daga cikin sansanonin tsaro a kudu maso yammacin Aleppo sun kori' yan bindigar hudu. Amma gine-ginen gwamnati a kudancin Aleppo suna cikin al-Safira-fiye da kilomita 25, yayin da S-5s na da 3 kawai zuwa 4 kilomita.
Har ila yau, mafi mahimmanci shine cewa, duk da cewa Selmo ya yi tsayin daka cewa kullun ya ci gaba da tsawon sa'o'i kuma ya hada da nauyin 20 zuwa 25 na musamman hare-haren, babu wani daga cikin 'yan kungiyar White Helmet wanda ya dauki komai guda daya a bidiyo, -wallafin shaida na da'awarsa.
Tashar Bayar da Shawarwarin Atlantic Atlantic ta nuna a video sun aika da layi ta yanar gizo ta hanyar 'yan adawa a Aleppo kamar yadda suke samar da irin wadannan shaidu na jet jiragen sama kafin fashewar dare. Amma duk da murya a kan bidiyon da yake nuna cewa rukuni na Rasha ne, sautin ya tsaya nan da nan bayan fashewar mummunan wuta, yana nuna cewa an samo asali ne daga wani makami mai linzamin makami, ba missile ba daga wani jirgin saman jet. Ta haka ne shaida mai tabbatarwa da wani hari da aka yi da Bellingcat bai tabbatar da hakan ba.
Duk da rikodin rikice-rikice, Selmo ya ci gaba da tafiya
Duk wanda yake da alhakin kai hare-haren da ake yi a Syria, ya bayyana cewa, Ammar al-Selmo, babban jami'in White Helmet a Aleppo, yayi maƙaryaci game da inda ya kasance lokacin da harin da aka kai a kan jirgin sama ya fara, kuma a kalla a farkon, ya ɓatar da masu saurarensa a lokacin da ya ce ya halarci matakin farko na harin da kansa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ya yi ikirarin cewa gangami na Siriya da bam da Rasha sun kai hari a kan jirgin saman da ba su da goyan bayan duk wata hujja ta gaskiya.
Dangane da shirin Selmo ya yi ta baza labarinsa da kuma tallafawa labarin wani harin Rasha da Siriya, magoya bayan Yammacin Turai sun fi kulawa sosai game da dogara da shi kamar yadda ya tabbatar da cajin Amurka game da harin da aka kai wa kungiyar. Amma a lokacin makonni na bama-bamai na Rasha da Siriya a gabashin Aleppo wanda ya biyo bayan ragowar tsagaita bude wuta, Selmo ya kara da cewa labarai ne a matsayin wani tushe a kan yakin basasa. Kuma Selmo ya yi amfani da sabon halin da ake ciki don matsawa 'yan tawayen siyasa.
A watan Satumba na 23, White Helmets sun shaida wa manema labaran cewa uku da aka gudanar da ayyukan cibiyoyin hudu a gabashin Aleppo kuma biyu daga cikinsu sun kasance daga cikin kwamiti. Public Public Radio nakalto Selmo ya ce ya yi imanin cewa an shirya wannan kungiyar ne, saboda ya "kwance matakan jirgin sama" kuma ya ji su yana yin umarni da su bomb da abokan aiki. "Abin mamaki shine, NPR ta kasa gano Selmo a matsayin shugaban White Helmets a gabashin Aleppo, yana gano shi kawai a matsayin "Memba na White Helmets."
Bayan kwana biyar Washington Post ta ruwaito irin wannan iƙirarin by Ismail Abdullah, wani jami'in White Helmets na aiki a karkashin Selmo. "Wani lokaci mun ji direban din ya fada wa tushe, 'Mun ga kasuwa ga masu ta'addanci, akwai burodi ga' yan ta'adda," in ji Abdullah. "Shin ya dace a buga su? Suka ce, 'Na'am, buga su.' "Ya kuma kara da cewa a watan Satumba na 21, White Helmets sun ji wani matukin jirgi mai magana game da 'yan ta'addan' 'ta'addanci'. Kungiyar ta aika da sako ga jami'an Amurka a birnin New York don Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da cewa an shirya su ne, in ji Abdullah. Wadannan labaru masu ban mamaki sun taimaka wajen yakin neman kyautar Nobel ta Duniya, wanda aka sanar da kwanakin baya amma wanda basu nasara ba.
Da'awar cewa White Helmets sun ji dadin jiragen da suke nema da karbar izini don su kai hare-haren yayin da iska ta kasance ƙiren ƙarya, a cewar Pierre Sprey, wani tsohon masanin binciken Pentagon akan jirgin saman yaki wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara F-16. "Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa wannan zai iya zama kyakkyawar sadarwa tsakanin matukin jirgi da mai kulawa," Sprey ya fada wa AlterNet, yana magana akan asusun Selmo. "Lokaci kawai da matukin jirgi zai fara buƙatar da ya buge shi shine idan ya ga bindigogi daga gare ta. In ba haka ba, ba sa hankalta. "
Ranar da ta gabata bayan harin bam na Rasha da Siriya a garin Aleppo dake gabashin kasar, ya fara ne a watan Satumba na 22, Reuters ya koma Selmo don binciken komai game da tashe-tashen hankula a kan Aleppo. Selmo da kyau ayyana, "Abin da ke faruwa a yanzu shine hallaka."
Bayan wannan sanarwa mai ban mamaki, kafofin watsa labarai na Yamma sun ci gaba da ambaton Selmo kamar dai shi majiyar tsaka ce. A ranar 26 ga Satumba, Reuters ya sake komawa White Helmets yana aiki a ƙarƙashinsa kuma, ambatawa wani kiyasi da “ma’aikatan tsaron farar hula” da ba a bayyana sunansa ba a Aleppo - wanda kawai ke iya nufin mambobin White Helmets - cewa an riga an kashe mutane 400 a cikin kasa da kwanaki biyar da tashin bam a Aleppo da kewayensa. Amma bayan cikakken makonni uku na harin bam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da sauran hukumomi kiyasta cewa an kashe mutanen 360 a cikin bama-bamai, suna nuna cewa yawan mutanen Helmets sun kasance sau da yawa fiye da yadda mawallafi ba su da tushe ba.
Yana da wuya ga kafofin yada labaru don rufe abubuwan da suka faru kamar harin da aka kai a kan jirgin ruwa na Red Crescent da kuma bama-bamai a Aleppo daga Istanbul ko Beirut. Amma yunwa ga bayanai daga ƙasa bai kamata ya rage girman wajibi don kwarewa ba. Selmo da White Helmets ya kamata a gane su abin da suke kasancewa: asusun da ke hannunsu da wani lamari wanda ya nuna ikon da kungiyar ke bayarwa: 'yan ta'addan da suka mallaki gabashin Aleppo, Idlib, da sauran yankunan arewacin Siriya.
Rashin amincewa da ƙwararrakin White Helmets ba tare da yunkurin bincike akan gaskiyar su ba har yanzu wani misali ne na cin zarafi na jarida ta hanyar kafofin yada labaru tare da dogaro da rikice-rikicen rikice-rikicen rikice-rikicen da ake magana da su.
