By David Swanson, World BEYOND War, Yuli 24, 2020
Na fi karkata ga tura abubuwan tarihi masu tayar da hankali daga manyan filaye da samar da mahallin da bayani a wuraren da ba a san su ba, gami da son kirkirar ayyukan zane-zane na jama'a da yawa da ba su dace ba. Amma idan zaku tsage wani abu (ko fashe wani abu a cikin sararin samaniya), bai kamata ba bust na Wernher von Braun a Huntsville, Alabama, ana la'akari dashi don haɗawa cikin jerin?
A cikin jerin manyan yaƙe-yaƙe akwai kaɗan da Amurkawa ke da'awa sun taɓa cin nasara. Ofaya daga cikin waccan shine yakin basasa na Amurka, daga abin da lambobi zuwa ga waɗanda suka rasa daga baya suka yi toho kamar namomin kaza mai guba. Yanzu suna sauka. Wani, duk da cewa Tarayyar Soviet ta fi nasara, amma yaƙin duniya na biyu. Wasu daga cikin waɗanda suka yi asarar wancan ɗin kuma suna da lambobi a Amurka.
An girka manyan lambobin tarihi a sanadiyar wariyar launin fata. Bukukuwan Nazis a Huntsville suna ba da yabo, ba wariyar launin fata ba, amma ƙirƙirar manyan makaman yaƙi, wanda kawai abin ƙyama ne idan kun lura da wanda aka jefa bam ko kuma kun yarda da kisan wani.
Amma ba a ma'amala a nan muke da ra'ayi game da gaskiya, sulhu, da gyara ba. Fushin Von Braun - ko kuma don haka hatimin wasiƙar Amurka game da shi - ba a nufin ya ce: “Ee, wannan mutumin ya yi amfani da aikin bayi don kera wa Nazis makaman yaƙi. Shi da abokan aikinsa sun dace da fararen Huntsville a cikin 1950, daga wane lokaci ne suka fito da muggan makamai don kashe mutanen kirki wadanda ke bukatar kisan gaske, tare da roket din da ya je wata don haka yana tabbatar da cewa Soviets sun yi ɗoyi kamar doodoo - na - na - na - NA - na! ”
Akasin haka, sanya sunaye a kusa da Huntsville don Von Braun wata hanya ce da za a ce “Ya kamata ku ci gaba da jahilcin abin da wannan mutumin da abokan aikinsa suka yi a Jamus, kuma ku zura idanuwa yayin kallon abin da suka ba da gudummawa a wurare kamar Vietnam. Waɗannan mutanen sun kawo dalar tarayya da makaɗan waƙoƙi da kyawawan al'adu a bayan wasanmu, kuma sun fahimci hanyoyinmu na wariyar launin fata kamar yadda 'yan Nazis kawai za su iya. Ka tuna, mu har yanzu yana da bautar kuma mafi muni a Alabama har zuwa yakin duniya na biyu. ”
Kalli wannan hoton yanar daga gidan dutsen roka a Huntsville:
Me yasa wannan gidan kayan gargajiya yake da biergarten? Babu wanda zai yi tsammani bikin Nazi ne. Duk wani bayani yana amfani da kalmar “Jamusawa” kawai. Duba yadda yanar gizo don Alabama ke rubutu game da babban Von Braun's tsohon gidan da kuma abubuwan tunawa. Duba yadda Chattanooga Times 'Yan Jarida Na Kyau ya rubuta game da aikin hajji na yawon bude ido zuwa duk wuraren Huntsville da Von Braun ya tsarkake. Karka taba yin magana mai mahimmanci ko tambaya mai wuyar fahimta ko'ina. Babu tattaunawa game da dama ta biyu - maimakon haka, tilasta amnesia.
Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, rundunar sojan Amurka ta ɗauki tsoffin tsoffin masana kimiyya da likitoci na Nazi ɗari shida, gami da wasu abokan aiki na Adolf Hitler, waɗanda suka haɗa da mutanen da ke da alhakin kisa, bautar, da gwajin ɗan adam, gami da mutanen da aka samu da laifukan yaƙi, mutanen da aka sansu daga laifukan yaƙi, kuma mazajen da ba su taɓa yin gwaji ba. Wasu daga cikin 'yan Nazi da aka gwada a Nuremberg sun riga sun yi aiki ga Amurka a cikin Jamus ko kuma Amurka kafin gwajin. Wasu Amurkawa sun kare ta daga abubuwan da suka gabata na gwamnatin Amurka na tsawon shekaru, yayin da suke zaune da aiki a Boston Harbor, Long Island, Maryland, Ohio, Texas, Alabama, da sauran wurare, ko kuma gwamnatin Amurka ta tura su kasar Ajantina don kare su daga gurfanarwa . Wasu takardu na gwaji an rarrabe su gaba ɗayansu don guje wa fallasa bayanan masanan kimiyyar Amurka. Wasu daga cikin 'yan Nazi din da aka kawo sun hada da yaudarar da suka wuce kansu a matsayin masana kimiyya, wasunsu daga baya suka koyi filayensu yayin da suke aiki ga rundunar sojin Amurka.
Turawan Amurkawan da suka mamaye kasar ta Jamus bayan yakin duniya na II sun ba da sanarwar cewa duk wani bincike na soji a cikin kasar Jamus zai daina, a zaman wani bangare na ayyukan lalata. Amma duk da haka wannan binciken ya ci gaba kuma ya fadada a asirce, karkashin ikon Amurka, a Jamus da kuma Amurka, a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin da zai yuwu a duba matsayin nazia. Ba masana kimiyya kaɗai aka ɗauki haya ba. Tsoffin 'yan leƙen asirin na Nazi, galibinsu tsoffin SS ne, Amurka ta ɗauke su aiki bayan yaƙin Jamus bayan ya yi leken asiri - da azabtarwa - Soviets.
Sojojin Amurka sun sauya hanyoyi da yawa yayin da aka sanya tsoffin Nazi a cikin manyan mukamai. Masana kimiyyar roka ne na Nazi wadanda suka gabatar da shirin sanya bama-bamai na nukiliya a kan makaman roka kuma suka fara kera makamin mai linzami na ballistic. Injiniyoyi ne na Nazi waɗanda suka tsara katakowar Hitler a ƙasa da ke Berlin, waɗanda yanzu sun tsara katangar karkashin ƙasa don gwamnatin Amurka a cikin tsaunukan Catoctin da Blue Ridge. Sojojin Amurka da aka sansu sanannu ne sojojin Amurkan suka yi amfani da su wajen tsara wasu bayanan bayanan leken asirin da ke haifar da barazanar 'yan Soviet. Masana kimiyyar Nazi sun kirkiro shirye-shiryen makamai masu guba da kwayoyin na Amurka, suna ba da ilimin tabun da sarin, ba a ma maganar thalidomide - da kwazonsu ga gwajin ɗan adam, wanda sojojin Amurka da sabuwar CIA suka kirkira cikin sauri. Duk wani mummunan tunani da ban tsoro game da yadda za a kashe mutum ko sojojin da ba za a iya amfani da su ba na da matukar muhimmanci ga binciken su. Sabbin makamai sun haɗu, gami da VX da Agent Orange. An kirkiro da sabon tuki don ziyarta da kuma amfani da makamin kare-dangi, sannan aka nada tsoffin 'yan Nazi a cikin sabon ofishin da ake kira NASA.
Tunanin yaƙi na dindindin, tunanin yaƙi mara iyaka, da kirkirar yaƙe-yaƙe waɗanda kimiyya da fasaha suka mamaye mutuwa da wahala, duk sun shiga cikin babban al'amari. Lokacin da tsohuwar Nazi tayi magana da luncheon mata a Cibiyar Kasuwancin Rochester Junior a 1953, taken taron shine "Buzz Bomb Mastermind don Magana Jaycees A Yau." Wannan ba zai zama mana da ban tsoro ba, amma zai iya firgita duk wanda ke zaune a Amurka kowane lokaci kafin yakin duniya na II. Kalli wannan Walt Disney shirin talabijin wanda yake nuna wani tsohon dan Nazi wanda yayi bautar da mutuwa a cikin wani kogo da yake harba roka. Tsammani ko shi ne.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zjs3nBfyIwM
Ba da daɗewa ba, Shugaba Dwight Eisenhower zai yi kuka yana cewa "ana jin cikakken tasirin - tattalin arziki, siyasa, har ma da ruhaniya a kowane birni, kowane gidan Gwamnati, kowane ofis na Gwamnatin Tarayya." Eisenhower ba yana Magana da Naziyanci ba ne, amma ga karfin rundunar soja a masana'antar masana'antu. Duk da haka, lokacin da aka tambaye shi wanene yake da hankali a cikin jawabin a cikin wannan jawabi cewa "manufofin jama'a na iya zama fursinoni na masaniyar kimiyya," Eisenhower ya ambaci wasu masana kimiyya guda biyu, ɗayansu tsohon Nazi a cikin bidiyon Disney da aka danganta a sama.
Shawarar shigar da mutum 1,600 na masanin kimiyya da fasaha na Hitler zuwa rundunar sojan Amurka ya kasance ta hanyar tsoron USSR, mai ma'ana da kuma sakamakon yaudarar tsoro. Yanke shawarar ya samo asali akan lokaci kuma ya samo asali ne daga tunanin mutane da yawa da suka ɓata. Amma burodin ya tsaya tare da Shugaba Harry S Truman. Henry Wallace, magabacin Truman a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa wanda muke son tunanin da zai jagoranci duniya ta hanya mafi kyau kamar yadda Truman ya yi a matsayin shugaban kasa, a zahiri ya tura Truman yayi hayar Nazis a matsayin shirin ayyukan yi. Zai yi kyau ga masana'antar Amurka, in ji gwarzonmu mai ci gaba. Umanan ɓangarorin na Truman sun yi muhawara, amma Truman ya yanke shawara. Kamar yadda aka san abubuwa da dama na Operation Paperclip, Federationungiyar Masana Ilimin Amurka, Albert Einstein, da sauransu sun bukaci Truman ya kawo ƙarshen. Masanin ilimin kimiyar nukiliya Hans Bethe da abokin aikinsa Henri Sack sun tambayi Truman:
"Kasancewar Jamusawa za su iya ceci al'umma miliyoyin daloli yana nuna cewa za a iya sayen madawwamin zama da zama ɗan ƙasa? Shin Amurka za ta dogara da [masana kimiyyar na Jamusawa] don yin aiki don samar da zaman lafiya lokacin da ƙiyayyarsu ta ƙiyayya da Rashawa za su iya ba da gudummawa don haɓaka rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan masu iko? Shin an yi yaƙin don ba da damar akidar Nazi ta shiga cikin makarantunmu na ilimi da na kimiyya ta ƙofar baya? Shin muna son kimiyya a kowane farashi? "
A cikin 1947 Operation Paperclip, har yanzu ƙarami ne, yana cikin haɗarin dakatar da shi. Madadin haka, Truman ya canza sojan Amurka tare da Dokar Tsaro ta Kasa, kuma ya kirkiro mafi kyawun abin da perationungiyar Paperclip ke iya so: CIA. Yanzu shirin ya gudana, da gangan ba da gangan ba, tare da cikakken sani da fahimta na Shugaban ƙasar Amurka wanda ya baiyana a matsayin dattijon cewa idan Russia ta ci nasarar Amurka ya kamata ta taimaki Jamusawa, haka kuma, don tabbatar da cewa mafi yawan mutane mai yiwuwa ne ya mutu, wannan shugaban da ya yi mummunan harin bama-bamai a kan biranen Japan biyu, shugaban da ya kawo mana yakin Koriya, yakin ba tare da ayyanawa ba, yaƙe-yaƙe na asasi, daular da za ta dawwama cikin tushe, sirrin soja a duka al'amura, sarautar sarki, da kuma masana'antar masana'antu na soja. Ma’aikatar Kula da Lafiyar Jama’a ta Amurka ta dauki nauyin binciken makamai masu guba a Jamus a karshen yakin a matsayin wata hanya ta ci gaba da wanzuwa. George Merck duk sun gano barazanar makaman kare dangi ga sojoji kuma sun sayar da alluran sojoji don magance su. Yaƙi ya kasance kasuwanci kuma kasuwancin zai kasance da kyau har zuwa wani lokaci mai zuwa.
Amma yaya babban canji ne Amurka ta shiga bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, kuma nawa ne za a iya yaba wa Operation Paperclip? Shin, ba gwamnati ba ce da za ta ba da kariya ga duka masu aikata laifukan yaƙi na Nazi da Japan don su iya koyon hanyoyinsu na miyagun laifuka tuni a mummunan wuri? Kamar yadda daya daga cikin wadanda ake kara ya gabatar a gaban kotu a Nuremberg, Amurka ta riga ta tsinci kanta kanta cikin gwaji a kan mutane ta hanyar amfani da hujjoji iri daya ga wadanda 'yan Nazi suka bayar. Idan wannan mutumin da yake kare yana da masaniya, da ya iya nuna cewa Amurka ce a wannan lokacin da take irin wannan gwajin a Guatemala. Nazis ya sami labarin wasu nasarorin kuma sauran son tunani daga Amurkawa. Wasu daga cikin masana Paperclip sun yi aiki a Amurka kafin yakin, kamar yadda Amurkawa da yawa suka yi aiki a Jamus. Waɗannan ba su kasance sunsan duniya ba ne.
Idan aka duba sakandare, abin zamba, da munanan laifuffuka na yaki, yaya batun laifin yaki da kanta? Muna ganin Amurka ba ta da laifi saboda tana jujjuya Japanawa a harin na farko, kuma saboda ta tuhumi wasu daga cikin wadanda suka rasa yakin. Amma wani gwaji na nuna wariya ba zai hukunta Amurkawa ba. Bam din ya tashi ne kan fararen hula da aka kashe da raunata da kuma lalata fiye da kowane sansanin tattara hankali - sansanonin da a Jamus ake ɗaukar fannoni bayan sansanonin Amurkawa na Americansan Amurkawa. Shin zai yiwu cewa masanan kimiyyar Nazi sun haɗu cikin rundunar sojan Amurka sosai saboda wata cibiyar da ta riga ta yi abin da ta yi wa Philippines ɗin ba ta cikin duk yawan buƙatar binciken?
Duk da haka, ko ta yaya, muna tunanin murƙushe wutar biranen Jafananci da cikakken matakan biranen Jamus kamar ƙarancin ɗaukar nauyin masanan kimiyyar Nazi ne. Amma menene abin da ya ɓata mana rai game da masana kimiyyar Nazi? Ba na tunanin yakamata su kasance suna aiwatar da kisan kai ne don wani bangare mara kyau, kuskuren da aka daidaita a wasu zuciyar amma daga baya aikinsu na kisan kai ta gefen dama. Kuma bana tsammanin yakamata ace sun tsunduma cikin gwajin mutane marasa lafiya da tilasta musu aiki. Ina ganin wadancan ayyuka ya kamata su bata mana rai. Amma haka kuma yakamata a gina makaman roka da suka dauki rayukan dubban mutane. Kuma ya kamata ya bata mana rai duk wanda akayi dominsa.
Abin sha'awar tunanin tunanin wayewar wayewar wani wuri a duniya wasu shekaru daga yanzu. Shin baƙon da yake da tsohon sojan Amurka zai iya samun aiki? Shin ana buƙatar bita? Shin sun azabtar da fursunoni? Shin sun yi wa yara ƙyamar? Shin sun leka gidaje ko kuma harbe fararen hula a kowane kasashe? Shin sun yi amfani da bam ɗin gungu? Ingantaccen uranium? Farar fata? Shin sun taɓa yin aiki a tsarin kurkukun Amurka? Tsarin tsare bakin haure? Layi mutuwa? Ta yaya za a buƙaci cikakken bita? Shin akwai wasu matakan bin bin umarni da za a ɗauke su yarda? Shin yana da mahimmanci, ba kawai abin da mutumin ya yi ba, amma yadda suke tunani game da duniya?
Ba na adawa da ba wa kowa dama ta biyu. Amma ina tarihin Takarda Aiki akan shimfidar Amurka? Ina alamun tarihi da abubuwan tunawa? Lokacin da muke maganar rusa abubuwan tarihi, aiki ne na tarihi ilimi, ba tarihin rusa tarihi da yakamata mu kasance ba.
