Sojojin Soviet da suka dakatar da yakin nukiliya da aka ba da kyauta

Babban jami'i na jirgin ruwa na Soviet wanda ya dakatar da barkewar rikici na nukiliya yayin yakin sanyi ya kamata a karrama shi da sabon kyauta, shekaru 55 zuwa ranar bayan ayyukansa na jaruntaka sun hana afkuwar bala'in duniya.

A kan 27 Oktoba 1962, Vasili Alexandrovich Arkhipov ya kasance kan jirgin ruwan Soviet na B-59 kusa Cuba lokacin da sojojin Amurka suka fara jifar wadanda ba na mutuwa ba. Yayinda aka tsara matakin don ƙarfafa sojojin ruwa na Soviet su farfaɗo, matukan jirgin na B-59 sun kasance cikin tsari kuma don haka basu san manufar ba. Sun dauka suna shaida farkon yaƙin duniya na uku.

Jirgin ruwa mai aiki da ke cikin jirgin mai canzawa - kwandishan din ba ya aiki - matukan jirgin suna fargabar mutuwa. Amma, ba a san sojojin na Amurka ba, suna da makami na musamman a cikin bututunsu: torpedo na nukiliya goma. Menene ƙari, jami'an sun sami izini don ƙaddamar da shi ba tare da jiran amincewa daga Moscow ba.

Manyan hafsoshin jirgin biyu - da suka hada da kyaftin, Valentin Savitsky - sun so su harba makami mai linzami. Bisa lafazin rahoto daga Sanarwar Tsaro ta Kasa, Savitsky ya ce: "Zamu ci karo dasu yanzu! Za mu mutu, amma za mu nutsar da su duka - ba za mu zama abin kunya ga rundunar jiragen ruwa ba. ”

Amma akwai wata muhimmiyar ma'ana: duk manyan hafsoshi guda uku a jirgin sun yarda su tura makamin. Sakamakon haka, yanayin cikin dakin kulawa yana taka rawa sosai daban. Arkhipov ya ki amincewa da harba makamin kuma ya sanya kyaftin din ya sauka. Ba a taɓa kunna wutar wutar ba.

Da a ce an bullo da shi, makomar duniya da ta bambanta sosai: harin da wataƙila ya fara yakin makaman nukiliya ne da zai haifar da rudani duniya, tare da adadin rayukan fararen hula da ba a iya tsammani ba.

"Darasi daga wannan shi ne cewa wani mutum da ake kira Vasili Arkhipov ya ceci duniya, '' Thomas Blanton, darektan Cibiyar Tsaro ta Kasa a Jami'ar George Washington, ya fada wa jaridar Boston Globe a cikin 2002, biyo bayan wani taron da aka bincika cikakken bayani game da yanayin.

Yanzu, Shekaru 55 bayan ya juya yaƙin nukiliya da shekarun 19 bayan mutuwarsa, ya kamata a girmama Arkhipov, tare da danginsa waɗanda suka fara karɓar sabon lambar yabo.

Wannan kyautar, wacce ake wa lakabi da "Kyautar Rayuwa ta rayuwa" ita ce ta gaba a rayuwar Inuwa ta rayuwa - wata kungiyar Amurka ce wacce manufarta ita ce a magance barazanar da bil'adama ke ciki kuma wanda kwamitin ba da shawararsa ya hada da fitattun bayanai irin na Elon Musk, masanin ilimin sararin samaniya masanin ilimin taurari Martin. Rees, da kuma actor Morgan Freeman.

"Kyautar rayuwa ta gaba kyauta ce da aka bayar don aikin gwarzo wanda ya amfanar da bil'adama sosai, an yi shi duk da haɗarin mutum kuma ba tare da an saka masa shi ba a lokacin," in ji shi Max Tegmark, farfesa a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a MIT kuma jagoran Cibiyar Rayuwa ta Zamani.

Da yake Magana da Tegmark, 'yar Arkhipov Elena Andriukova ta ce dangin sun yi godiya da kyautar, kuma ta karrama ayyukan Arkhipov.

"Ya yi tunanin koyaushe cewa ya yi abin da zai yi kuma bai taɓa ɗaukar ayyukansa a matsayin jaruntaka ba. Ya yi kama da mutumin da ya san irin bala'in da zai iya faruwa daga radiation, ”inji ta. "Ya yi aikinsa domin nan gaba domin kowa ya rayu a duniyarmu."

Kyautar $ 50,000 za a gabatar da ita ga jikan Arkhipov, Sergei, da Andriukova a Cibiyar Injiniya da Fasaha a maraice Juma'a.

Beatrice Fihn, darektan zartarwa na Kungiyar samun lambar yabo ta Nobel ta zaman lafiya, Gangamin Kasa da Kasa na Kayar da Makamashin Nuclear, ya ce ayyukan Arkhipov tunasarwa ne na yadda duniya ta tsinci kanta daga bakin bala'i. "Labarin Arkhipov ya nuna yadda aka kusanci mummunan bala'in makaman nukiliya da muka kasance a baya," in ji ta.

Lokacin bayar da lambar yabo, Fihn ya kara da cewa, ya dace. "Kamar yadda hadarin na nukiliya ke tashi a yanzu, dole ne dukkan kasashe su shiga cikin yarjejeniyar cikin gaggawa game da haramcin mallakar makamin Nukiliya don hana irin wannan masifa. ”

Dr Jonathan Colman, masani kan rikicin makami mai linzami na Cuban a Jami'ar Central Lancashire, ya yarda cewa kyautar ta dace.

"Yayinda asusun ya banbanta game da abin da ya shiga jirgi na B-59, a bayyane yake cewa Arkhipov da matukan jirgin suna aiki a cikin yanayin tsananin tashin hankali da wahala ta jiki. Da zarar an tsallake da makaman nukiliya, yana da wuya a iya tunanin cewa za a iya sanya jakar a cikin kwalbar, ”in ji shi.

"Shugaba Kennedy ya damu matuka game da yiwuwar fada tsakanin jiragen yakin Amurka da jiragen ruwa na Soviet a Caribbean, kuma a bayyane yake cewa fargabarsa ta cancanta," a cewar Colman, lura da cewa wasu yanke shawara a matakin aiki ba su da nasa. sarrafawa. "Daga qarshe, an sami sa'a kamar gudanarwa wanda ya tabbatar da cewa rikicin makami mai linzami ya kare ba tare da mummunan sakamako ba."