Daga littafin ƙaddamar da littafin Tunander mai taken "Yaƙin jirgin ruwan Sweden" a cikin 2019, a NUPI tare da (daga hagu) Ola Tunander, Pernille Rieker, Sverre Lodgaard, da Vegard Valther Hansen. (Hotuna: John Y. Jones)
Daga Farfesa Emeritus a Prio, Ola Tunander, Zamanin Zamani, Nid Tid, Istarin whistleblower, Maris 6, 2021
Masu binciken da ke tambayar sahihancin yaƙe-yaƙe na Amurka, da alama suna fuskantar kora daga matsayinsu a cikin bincike da cibiyoyin watsa labarai. Misalin da aka gabatar anan shine daga Cibiyar Nazarin Zaman Lafiya a Oslo (PRIO), cibiyar da tarihi ke da masu bincike game da yaƙe-yaƙe - kuma wanda ba za a iya kiran sa abokai na makaman nukiliya ba.
An ce mai bincike yana neman haƙiƙa da gaskiya. Amma shi ko ita suna koyon zaɓar batutuwan bincikensu kuma su yanke hukunci daidai da abin da hukumomi da masu gudanarwa ke tsammani, kuma wannan duk da cewa an tsara freedomancin ilimi a Norway ta hanyar “freedomancin bayyana kansa a bainar jama'a”, “'yanci don ingantawa sababbin ra'ayoyi "da" 'yancin zaɓar hanya da kayan aiki ». A cikin zancen jama'a na yau, ana ba da damar faɗar albarkacin baki zuwa damar cutar da ƙabilar wasu mutane ko addininsu.
Amma 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki ya kasance game da haƙƙin bincika iko da zamantakewar jama'a. Abinda na sani shine cewa damar da zan iya bayyana a matsayin mai bincike ya zama yana da iyakancewa a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata. Ta yaya muka ƙare a nan?
Wannan labarina ne a matsayina na mai bincike. Kusan kusan shekaru 30 na yi aiki a Cibiyar Nazarin Aminci ta Oslo (KAFIN), daga 1987 zuwa 2017. Na zama babban mai bincike bayan kammala digirin digirgir a 1989 kuma na jagoranci shirin Cibiyar na manufofin kasashen waje da na tsaro. Na karbi farfesa a 2000 kuma na yi rubuce-rubuce da kuma shirya litattafai da dama kan siyasar duniya da manufofin tsaro.
Bayan yakin Libya a 2011, na rubuta littafi a cikin Yaren mutanen Sweden game da wannan yakin, game da yadda jirgin sama mai tashin bam na Yammacin duniya ya hada kai da 'yan tawaye masu kishin Islama da sojojin kasa daga Qatar don fatattakar sojojin Libya. (Na sake rubuta wani littafi game da yakin Libya a yaren Norway, wanda aka buga a shekarar 2018.) Kasashen yamma suna kawance da masu kaifin kishin Islama, kamar yadda a Afghanistan a cikin 1980s. A Libya, masu kishin Islama sun aiwatar da tsabtace bakar fata na baƙar fata na Afirka da aikata laifukan yaƙi.
A gefe guda kuma, kafafan yada labarai sun yi ikirarin cewa Muammar Gaddafi ya jefa bam a kan fararen hula da kuma shirya kisan kare dangi a Benghazi. Sanatan Amurka John McCain da Sakatariyar Harkokin Wajen Amurka Hillary Clinton sun yi magana game da "sabuwar Ruwanda". A yau mun san cewa wannan ba gaskiya ba ne ko kuma ba shi da labari. A cikin rahoto na musamman daga shekarar 2016, Kwamitin Kula da Harkokin Kasashen Waje na Majalisar Tarayyar Burtaniya ta yi watsi da duk zarge-zargen da sojojin gwamnati ke yi na cin zarafin fararen hula da barazanar kisan kare dangi. Babu wata hujja game da wannan. Yaƙin ya zama "yaƙi na zalunci", a wata ma'anar "mafi munin dukkan laifuka," in ji kotun Nuremberg.
An ƙi ƙaddamar da littafin
Na fara littafin Sweden na Sweden a Stockholm a cikin Disamba 2012 kuma na shirya irin wannan taron karawa juna sani a PRIO a Oslo. Abokiyar aikina Hilde Henriksen Waage ba da daɗewa ba ta ƙaddamar da littafinta Rikici da babbar siyasa a Gabas ta Tsakiya don dakin da aka cika a PRIO. Na ji daɗin wannan ra'ayi kuma na yanke shawara tare da daraktan sadarwarmu da wanda ke gabana na riƙe irin wannan taron karawa juna sani na PRIO a kan littafina Libyenkrigets geopolitik (Tsarin siyasa na yakin Libya). Mun sanya kwanan wata, wuri da tsari. Wani tsohon shugaban Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Norway, Janar Alf Roar Berg, ya amince ya yi tsokaci game da littafin. Yana da kwarewa daga Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma shekaru goma na kwarewa daga manyan-mukamai a cikin ayyukan leken asirin a cikin 1980s da 1990s. Takwaran na Berg a Amurka shi ne Daraktan CIA Robert Gates, wanda a shekarar 2011 ya kasance sakataren tsaro. Ya kuma ziyarci Berg a Oslo.
Gates ya kasance mai sukar yakin Libya a rikici tare da Sakatariyar Harkokin Wajen Hillary Clinton. Ta ma sa dakatar da Dokar Amurka ta Afirka tattaunawar cikin nasara da gwamnatin Libya. Ba ta son tattaunawa, amma yaki, kuma ta sami Shugaba Barack Obama ya shiga wannan. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi idan sojojin Amurkan za su shiga, Gates ya amsa, "Ba duk lokacin da nake cikin wannan aikin ba." Jim kaɗan bayan haka, ya ba da sanarwar yin murabus. Alf Roar Berg ya kasance mai mahimmanci kamar Gates.
Amma lokacin da aka sanar da daraktan PRIO a lokacin, Kristian Berg Harpviken game da taron karawa juna sani na Libya, ya mai da martani mai zafi. Ya ba da shawarar "taron karawa juna sani na cikin gida" ko wani kwamitin "kan Juyin Juya Halin Larabawa" a maimakon haka, amma ba ya son taron karawa juna sani na jama'a a kan littafin. Ba ya son kasancewa tare da littafi mai mahimmanci game da yakin, amma mafi mahimmanci: yana da wuya ya soki Sakatariyar Harkokin Wajen Hillary Clinton ko kuma daga sojojinta daga Qatar, wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a yakin. Harpviken ya tattauna a PRIO tare da Ministan Harkokin Wajen Qatar. Kuma mutumin Clinton a Oslo, Ambasada Barry White, ya kasance bako a bikin ranar haihuwar darekta mai zaman kansa na PRIO.
PRIO da aka kafa a Amurka
PRIO ya kuma kafa Researchaddamar da Binciken Lafiya (PRE) a Amurka. Kwamitin ya kunshi Shugaban Babban Kwamandan Shugaba Bill Clinton, Janar Anthony Zinni. Ya jagoranci fashewar bam na Iraki a 1998 (Operation Desert Fox). A daidai yake da rike mukamin hukumar a PRE, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin a Amurka saboda watakila mafi munin makamin kera makamai a duniya, BAE Systems, wanda tuni a cikin shekarun 1990s ya baiwa yariman Saudiyya cin hanci bisa tsari na biliyan 150 na kasar Norway. kroner a darajar kuɗin yau.
Shugaban PRE-PRIS wanda aka kafa shi ne Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na Shugaba Joe Reeder, wanda ya taimaka wajan yakin neman zaben Hillary Clinton. Ya yi aiki a kwamitin kungiyar Masana'antu ta Tsaron Amurka kuma tuni ya yi daidai da lokacin da yakin Iraki ya fara, ya tsunduma cikin samun kwangila a Iraki. Ya taba rike mukamin babban lauya na wani kamfani mai fafutukar ganin an kawo karshen yakin Libya na 'yan tawaye.
Wataƙila akwai alamar haɗi tsakanin rashin yarda da PRIO ya soki yaƙi a Libya da kuma haɗin PRIO ga cibiyar sadarwar soja da masana'antu. Amma shuwagabannin PRE sun hada da wani tsohon gwamnan Republican kuma mai hulda da PRIO, David Beasley, yanzu shugaban shirin abinci na duniya da lambar yabo ta Nobel ta zaman lafiya a shekarar 2020. Tsohuwar jakadiyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Nikki Haley ce ta zabe shi a wannan matsayin, wanda, kamar Hillary Clinton, ta yi barazanar kaddamar da “yakin jin kai” kan Syria. Duk irin bayanin da aka yi, binciken da na yi game da waɗannan yaƙe-yaƙe bai shahara da shugabancin PRIO ba.
A cikin imel a ranar 14 ga Janairun 2013, Darakta Harpviken ya bayyana littafina na Sweden akan Yakin Libya a matsayin "mai matukar matsala". Ya bukaci "tsarin tabbatar da inganci" don PRIO ta iya "hana afkuwar irin wannan matsala" a nan gaba. Duk da yake PRIO ta ga littafin Libya bai karbu ba, sai na yi laccar yakin Libya zuwa taron GLOBSEC na shekara-shekara a Bratislava. Takwaran na mu a kwamitin ya kasance na kusa da mataimaka na Sakataren Tsaro Robert Gates. Daga cikin mahalarta taron akwai ministoci da masu ba da shawara kan harkokin tsaro, kamar su Zbigniew Brzezinski.
Yada yaƙe-yaƙe zuwa Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka
A yau mun san cewa yaƙi a cikin 2011 ya lalata Libya shekaru da yawa masu zuwa. Makaman kasar Libiya sun bazu ga masu kishin Islama a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka. Sama da makamai masu linzami na sama-da-sama don harbo jirgin sama sun fada hannun 'yan ta'adda daban-daban. An tura daruruwan mayaka dauke da makamai da adadi mai yawa daga Benghazi zuwa Aleppo a Syria tare da mummunan sakamako. Yakin basasa a cikin wadannan kasashen, a Libya, Mali da Syria, sakamako ne kai tsaye da aka lalata kasar Libya.
Mashawarcin Hillary Clinton Sidney Blumenthal ya rubuta cewa nasara a Libya na iya buɗe hanyar samun nasara a Siriya, kamar dai waɗannan yaƙe-yaƙe ci gaba ne kawai na yaƙe-yaƙe na rikice-rikicen da ya fara da Iraki kuma za su ci gaba da Libya, Syria, Lebanon kuma su ƙare da Iran. Yakin da aka yi da Libya ya kuma sa kasashe irin su Koriya ta Arewa suka kara kaimi wajen mallakar makamin nukiliya. Libya ta kawo karshen shirinta na kera makamin nukiliya a 2003 ba tare da garanti daga Amurka da Birtaniyya ba na kai hari. Ba mafi ƙaranci ba, sun kai hari. Koriya ta Arewa ta fahimci cewa garantin da Amurka da Birtaniyya ba su da amfani. A takaice dai, yakin Libya ya zama sanadiyar yaduwar makaman kare dangi.
Mutum na iya tambaya me yasa PRIO, tare da masanan da suka yi suka game da yaƙe-yaƙe na zalunci kuma da wuya su kasance cikin abokai na makaman nukiliya, yanzu suna neman dakatar da sukar irin wannan yaƙin kuma a lokaci guda suna tare da mafi ɓangaren matsala na rukunin soja-masana'antu?
Amma wannan ci gaban na iya yin nuni da daidaitaccen daidaituwa tsakanin ƙungiyar bincike. Dole ne a samar da cibiyoyin bincike, kuma daga kusan shekara ta 2000, ana buƙatar masu bincike su sami kuɗin kansu. Sannan kuma dole ne su daidaita bincikensu da yanke shawara game da hukumomin kuɗi. A lokacin cin abincin rana na PRIO, ya zama da mahimmanci a tattauna yadda za a ba da kuɗin ayyukan fiye da tattauna ainihin batun bincike.
Amma kuma na yi imani akwai wasu, musamman, dalilan da suka sa PRIO ya sauya canjin yanayi.
"Kawai War"
Da fari dai, PRIO ya kasance cikin shekarun da suka gabata yana ƙara tsunduma cikin batun “kawai yaƙi”, wanda a cikin Journal of xa'a soja na tsakiya ne Jaridar ta Henrik Syse da Greg Reichberg ne (waɗanda suma suka zauna a kan kujerar PRE). Tunaninsu ya ta'allaka ne ga ra'ayin Thomas Aquinas na "yaki kawai," kuma wannan mahimmin abu ne a jawabin karrama Nobel na Kyautar Zaman Lafiya ta Shugaba Barack Obama na shekarar 2009.
Amma kowane yakin yana neman halalcin "jin kai". A cikin 2003, an yi iƙirarin cewa Iraki tana da makaman kare dangi. Kuma a Libya a 2011, an ce Muammar Gaddafi ya yi barazanar kisan kare dangi a Benghazi. Amma dukansu misalai ne na babban bayani. Bugu da kari, sakamakon yaki ba abu ne mai yiwuwa a yi hasashe ba. An yi amfani da kalmar "kawai yaƙi" tun daga 2000 don halatta yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa na ta'adi. A kowane yanayi, wannan yana da sakamako mai haɗari.
A cikin 1997, darektan PRIO na lokacin Dan Smith ya tambaye ni ko za mu yi hayar Henrik Syse, sanannen ɗan ra'ayin mazan jiya na Norway. Na san mai kula da Syse don digirin digirgir, kuma na ɗauki wannan kyakkyawan ra'ayi ne. Ina tsammanin Syse na iya ba da girma ga PRIO. Ban sani ba a lokacin, cewa wannan, tare da abubuwan da nake jayayya da su a ƙasa, zai ƙarshe cire duk wani sha'awar realpolitik, ƙazantar da sojoji da fallasa ta'addancin soja da siyasa.
“Zaman lafiyar demokradiyya”
Abu na biyu, masu binciken PRIO sun haɗu da Journal of Peace Research ya ci gaba da rubutun 'zaman lafiya na demokraɗiyya'. Sun yi imanin za su iya nuna cewa jihohin dimokiradiyya ba sa yaƙin juna. Koyaya, ya bayyana a fili cewa ya rage ga maharin, Amurka, don ayyana wanda ke dimokiradiyya ko a'a, kamar Sabiya. Wataƙila Amurka ba ta da dimokiradiyya kanta. Wataƙila wasu muhawara inda suka shahara sosai, kamar alaƙar tattalin arziki.
Amma ga sababbin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, batun “zaman lafiya na dimokiradiyya” ya zo ne don halatta duk wani yaki na cin zali. Yakin da ake yi da Iraki ko Libya na iya "budewa don dimokiradiyya" kuma ta haka ne don zaman lafiya a nan gaba, in ji su. Hakanan, ɗaya ko wani mai bincike a PRIO ya goyi bayan wannan ra'ayin. A gare su, ra'ayin "yakin kawai" ya dace da rubutun "zaman lafiya na dimokiradiyya", wanda a aikace ya haifar da rubutun cewa ya kamata a ba Yammacin ikon shiga tsakani a cikin ƙasashen da ba na Yammacin Turai ba.
Rashin kwanciyar hankali
Abu na uku, masanin Amurkawa Gene Sharp ya rinjayi yawancin ma'aikatan PRIO. Ya yi aiki don canjin tsarin mulki ta hanyar shirya zanga-zangar gama gari don kifar da “mulkin kama karya”. Irin wannan “juyin juya halin launi” yana da goyan bayan Amurka kuma ya kasance nau'i ne na rashin zaman lafiya da aka tsara da farko ga ƙasashe waɗanda ke ƙawance da Moscow ko Beijing. Ba su yi la'akari da yadda irin wannan rudani zai iya haifar da rikici a duniya ba. Sharp ya kasance a wani lokaci shugabancin PRIO ya fi so don kyautar Nobel ta Peace.
Babban ra'ayin Sharp shi ne cewa tare da kama-karya kuma aka kori mutanensa, kofar dimokiradiyya za ta bude. Ya zama cewa wannan ya kasance mai sauƙi. A cikin Misira, ra'ayoyin Sharp ana zargin sun taka rawa a juyin juya halin Larabawa da kuma ga 'Yan Uwa Musulmi. Amma karbe su ya zama yana kara fadada rikicin. A kasashen Libya da Syria, an yi da'awar cewa masu zanga-zangar lumana suna adawa da tashin hankalin mulkin kama-karya. Amma wadannan masu zanga-zangar sun kasance masu '' goyon baya '' daga tashin hankali na sojoji na masu kishin Islama. Goyon bayan kafofin watsa labarai ba tare da fuskantar cibiyoyi irin su PRIO ba, wanda ke da mummunan sakamako.
Taron shekara-shekara na PRIO
Na huɗu, halartar PRIO a cikin taron binciken zaman lafiya na duniya da taron Pugwash a cikin 1980s da 1990s an maye gurbinsa da halartar taron kimiyyar siyasa na Amurka musamman. Babban, taron shekara-shekara na PRIO a halin yanzu shine Studiesungiyar Nazarin Internationalasashen Duniya (ISA), wanda ake gudanarwa kowace shekara a cikin Amurka ko Kanada tare da mahalarta fiye da 6,000 - da farko daga Amurka, har ma daga Turai da sauran ƙasashe. An zaɓi shugaban ISA shekara ɗaya kuma ya kasance Ba'amurke tun daga 1959 ban da wasu ƙalilan: A cikin 2008-2009, Nils Petter Gleditsch na PRIO ya zama shugaban ƙasa.
Masu binciken a PRIO sun kuma haɗu da jami'o'i da cibiyoyin bincike a Amurka, kamar Cibiyar Brookings da Gidauniyar Jamestown (wanda aka kafa a
1984 tare da goyon bayan Daraktan CIA na lokacin William Casey). PRIO ya zama “Ba’amurke” tare da yawancin masu bincike na Amurka. Ina so in kara cewa Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Duniya ta (asar Norway ( NUPI ), a gefe guda, ya fi «Turai».
Daga Vietnam zuwa Afghanistan
Na biyar, ci gaban da aka samu a PRIO tambaya ce ta bambance-bambancen tsararraki. Yayinda al'ummata suka dandana juyin mulkin da Amurkawa suka fara a 1960s da 1970s da jefa bam a Vietnam da kisan miliyoyin mutane, shugabancin PRIO na baya ya zama alama ce ta yakin Soviet a Afghanistan da kuma taimakon Amurka ga masu tayar da kayar baya na Musulunci a yakin da Tarayyar Soviet . A farkon shekarun 1990, darektan PRIO daga baya Kristian Berg Harpviken ya kasance shugaban kwamitin Afghanistan na Afghanistan a Peshawar (a Pakistan kusa da Afghanistan), inda kungiyoyin agaji a cikin 1980s suke zaune kafada da kafada da jami'an leken asiri da masu kaifin kishin Islama.
Hillary Clinton ta yi ikirarin a shekara ta 2008 cewa an yi yarjejeniya ta siyasa a Amurka a cikin shekarun 1980 don tallafa wa masu kaifin kishin Islama - kamar yadda ta goyi bayan masu kishin Islama a Libya a 2011. Amma a cikin 1980s, ba a san har yanzu Amurka da CIA ta kasance bayan yakin Afghanistan ta hanyar goyon bayansu ga boren tun a farkon watan Yulin 1979, da nufin yaudarar Soviet don tallafawa abokin kawancensu a Kabul. Ta wannan hanyar Amurka ta sami “damar ba Soviet Union yakin Vietnam”, in ji mai ba Shugaba Carter shawara kan tsaro Zbigniew Brzezinski (ga kuma Sakataren Tsaro na baya Robert Gates). Brzezinski shi da kansa ya yi aikin. A cikin 1980s, ba a san cewa gaba dayan sojojin Soviet sun yi adawa da yaƙin.
Ga sabon ƙarni a PRIO, ana ganin Amurka da masu tayar da kayar baya na Islama a matsayin ƙawaye a rikicin da Moscow.
Hakikanin abubuwan iko
Na rubuta takardar kammala karatun digirgir a cikin shekarun 1980 kan dabarun Tattalin Arzikin Amurka da siyasar Turai ta arewa. An buga shi a matsayin littafi a cikin 1989 kuma yana kan tsarin koyarwa a Kwalejin Yaƙin Naval na Amurka. A takaice, na kasance masanin da ya fahimci “hakikanin abubuwan da ke cikin iko.” Amma bisa ƙa'ida, na ga tuni a farkon 1980's damar yin ɓarna tsakanin manyan ƙungiyoyi masu ƙarfi kamar Willy Brandt, kuma daga baya Olof Palme a Sweden, ya gani. Bayan Yakin Cacar Baki, mun tattauna tare da jami'an diflomasiyya game da nemo mafita a aikace kan rikicin gabas da yamma a cikin Babban Arewa. Wannan ya haifar da abin da ya zama Hadin gwiwar Yankin Barents.
A 1994, na shirya wani littafin Ingilishi mai suna Yankin Barents, tare da gudummawa daga masu bincike da kuma Ministan Harkokin Wajen Norway Johan Jørgen Holst da takwaransa na Rasha Andrei Kosyrev - tare da gabatarwar tsohon Ministan Harkokin Wajen Thorvald Stoltenberg. Na kuma rubuta kuma na shirya littattafai kan ci gaban Turai da manufofin tsaro, na halarci taruka da laccoci a duk duniya.
Littafina game da tsarin siyasar Turai a 1997 ya kasance kan tsarin karatu a Jami'ar Oxford. Na shiga a matsayin masanin farar hula a binciken jirgi a Sweden a shekarar 2001, kuma bayan litattafaina kan ayyukan jirgin karkashin kasa a shekara ta 2001 da 2004, aikina ya taka muhimmiyar rawa ga rahoton Danish na hukuma Denmark yayin Yakin Cacar Baki (2005). Ya koma na, da kuma babban masanin tarihin Benjamin Fischer, littattafai da rahotanni, a matsayin mafi mahimmiyar gudummawa ga fahimtar shirin Shugaba Reagan na ayyukan tunani.
An ƙaddamar da sabon “littafin submarine” (2019) a watan Fabrairun 2020 a NUPI, ba a PRIO ba, tare da tsokaci daga tsohon darakta a cibiyoyin biyu, Sverre Lodgaard.
Mai yiwuwa shugaban bincike
Bayan nadin da na yi a matsayin Farfesan Bincike (Mai Bincike 1, daidai yake da digiri biyu) a 2000, na yi rubuce-rubuce da labarai da kuma kimanta labarai game da Makarantar Gwamnati ta Kennedy a Jami'ar Harvard da Royal United Service Institute. Na zauna a kwamitin ba da shawara na wata jarida a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London da kuma a kan kwamitin boardungiyar Nazarin Associationasa ta Duniya na Nordic. A shekarar 2008, na nemi sabon matsayi a matsayin daraktan bincike a NUPI. Darakta Jan Egeland ba shi da cancantar ilimin da ake buƙata. An nada kwamiti na kasa da kasa don tantance masu neman. Ya gano cewa uku ne kawai daga cikinsu suka cancanci wannan matsayi: wani mai bincike na ƙasar Beljiyam, Iver B. Neumann a NUPI, da ni kaina. Daga karshe Neumann ya sami wannan matsayin - a matsayin daya daga cikin kwararrun masana a duniya a cikin "Ka'idar Dangantaka ta Duniya".
Abin mamaki, yayin da aka kimanta ni a matsayin na cancanta in jagoranci duk binciken a Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Duniya ta Norway, darekta na a PRIO ya so ya tilasta min “mai kula da ilimi”. Kwarewa irin wannan na iya dakatar da yawancin mutane daga kowane irin aiki mai mahimmanci.
Bincike babban aiki ne. Masu bincike yawanci suna haɓaka rubuce-rubucensu bisa la'akari da tsoffin abokan aiki. Ana aika rubutun zuwa ga wata mujallar ilimi ko mai wallafa, wanda ke ba wa alƙalan wasan da ba a san su ba su ƙi ko amincewa da gudummawar (ta hanyar “duba na tsara”). Wannan yawanci yana buƙatar ƙarin aiki. Amma wannan kyawawan al'adun ilimin bai isa ga gudanar da PRIO ba. Suna so su bincika duk abin da na rubuta.
Labari a cikin Jaridar Zamani (Ny Tid)
A ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2013, aka kira ni zuwa ofishin darakta bayan na yi bayani game da Siriya a cikin bugawa a jaridar Norway ta mako-mako Ny Tid (Modern Times). Na ambaci Wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Musamman a Siriya, Robert Mood, da tsohon Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Kofi Annan, wadanda suka ce mambobin dindindin 5 na Kwamitin Tsaro duk sun amince da “sasanta rikicin siyasa a Siriya” a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2011, amma jihohin Yamma sun lalata shi "a taron da zai biyo baya" a New York. Don PRIO, ba zan yarda da ambaton su ba.
A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 2013, PRIO ta tambaye ni ta hanyar imel don karɓar “matakan tabbatar da inganci [waɗanda] suka shafi duk littattafan da aka buga, gami da gajerun matani kamar su-eds [sic]”. Ya kamata a sanya ni mutumin da zai bincika takaddun karatun na da na aikin kafin a tura su daga gidan. Gaskiya ta kasance game da ƙirƙirar matsayi a matsayin “jami’in siyasa”. Dole ne in yarda cewa na fara wahalar yin bacci.
Duk da haka, na sami tallafi daga furofesoshi a ƙasashe da yawa. Tradeungiyar kwadago ta Norway (NTL) ta ce ba zai yiwu a sami doka ta musamman ga ma'aikaci ɗaya kawai ba. Amma wannan sadaukarwar don sarrafa duk abin da na rubuta, yana da karfi sosai wanda za a iya bayanin sa ta hanyar matsin lambar daga Amurkawa. Dan takarar neman mukamin a matsayin mai ba shugaban kasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro Ronald Reagan, ba tare da wata tantama ba, ya sanar da ni cewa abin da na rubuta "zai kasance da sakamako" a kaina.
Lokacin da ya biyo baya, ya zama abin ban mamaki. A duk lokacin da zan gabatar da lacca ga cibiyoyin manufofin tsaro, nan da nan wasu mutane da ke son dakatar da laccar suka hadu da wadannan cibiyoyin. Na koyi cewa idan kuka gabatar da tambayoyi game da halaccin yaƙe-yaƙe na Amurka, za a matsa muku daga bincike da cibiyoyin watsa labarai. An kori shahararren dan jaridar nan na Amurka Seymour Hersh daga ciki The New York Times sannan kuma daga The New Yorker. Labaran sa game da kisan kiyashi na My Lai (Vietnam, 1968) da Abu Ghraib (Iraq, 2004) sunyi tasiri sosai a cikin Amurka. Amma Hersh ba zai iya sake bugawa a cikin mahaifarsa ba (duba fitowar Jaridar Zamani da ta gabata da wannan karin bayanin na Whistleblower shafi na 26). Glenn Greenwald, wanda yayi aiki tare da Edward Snowden kuma wanda ya kirkiro tare Tsarin kalma, an kuma tura shi daga cikin nasa mujallar a cikin Oktoba 2020 bayan an binciko shi.
Tallafin kungiyar kwadago
Na sami matsayi na dindindin a PRIO a cikin 1988. Samun matsayi na dindindin da tallafi daga ƙungiyar kwadago mai yiwuwa shi ne mafi mahimmanci ga duk wani mai bincike da ke son riƙe wani mataki na 'yancin ilimi. Dangane da dokokin PRIO, duk masu bincike suna da «cikakken 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki». Amma ba tare da ƙungiyar da za ta iya taimaka muku ba ta barazanar zuwa kotu, ɗayan masu binciken ba su da ta cewa.
A lokacin bazara na 2015, manajan PRIO sun yanke shawara cewa ya kamata in yi ritaya. Na ce wannan bai dace da su ba kuma dole ne in yi magana da kungiya ta, NTL. Daga nan sai babban na kusa ya amsa da cewa ba komai abin da kungiyar kwadagon ta ce. An riga an yanke shawara game da ritaya ta. Kowace rana, tsawon wata guda, yana shigowa ofishina don tattauna batun ritayar da nayi. Na lura cewa wannan ba zai yuwu a tsaya ba.
Na yi magana da wani tsohon shugaban hukumar ta PRIO, Bernt Bull. Ya ce “kar ku ma yi tunanin haduwa da shuwagabannin kadai. Dole ne ku kawo ƙungiyar tare da ku ». Godiya ga wasu wakilan NTL masu hikima, waɗanda suka yi shawarwari tare da PRIO na tsawon watanni, na sami yarjejeniya a watan Nuwamba 2015. Mun kammala cewa zan yi ritaya a cikin Mayu 2016 don musayar don ci gaba a matsayin Farfesa Farfesa Emeritus "a PRIO" tare da cikakken damar zuwa " kwamfuta, IT- tallafi, imel da samun damar zuwa laburare kamar yadda sauran masu bincike suke da shi a PRIO ”.
Dangane da ritayata, an shirya taron karawa juna sani «Mulki, Subs da PSYOP» a watan Mayu 2016 a Oslo. Yarjejeniyarmu ta ba ni damar shiga ofis har ma bayan na yi ritaya. A yayin ganawa da daraktan a ranar 31 ga Maris 2017, NTL ya ba da shawarar a tsawaita kwantiragin sararin ofishi na har zuwa karshen shekarar 2018, tunda yanzu na samu kudaden da suka dace. Daraktan PRIO din ya ce sai da ya tuntubi wasu kafin ya yanke hukunci. Kwana uku daga baya, ya dawo bayan ya yi tattaki zuwa Washington a ƙarshen mako. Ya ce ba a yarda da tsawaita kwangilar ba. Sai bayan da NTL ta sake yin barazanar ɗaukar matakin doka, sannan muka cimma matsaya.
