Daga Krishen Mehta, Kwamitin Amurka na Yarjejeniyar Amurka da Rasha, Mayu 4, 2021
Na fito daga wata ƙasa mai tasowa, Ina da ɗan ra'ayi daban-daban game da takunkumi saboda ya ba ni damar ganin ayyukan Amurka daga kyakkyawan hangen nesan da ba da kyau ba.
Na farko tabbatacce: Bayan samun 'yancin kan Indiya a 1947, yawancin cibiyoyinta (gami da Jami'o'in injiniya, Makarantun likitanci, da sauransu) suna da tallafin fasaha da kudi daga Amurka. Wannan ya zo ne ta hanyar taimakon kai tsaye, haɗin gwiwa tare da cibiyoyi a Amurka, ziyartar malamai, da sauran musayar ra'ayi. Mun girma a Indiya mun ga wannan a matsayin kyakkyawan tunanin Amurka. Cibiyoyin Fasaha, inda na sami damar karbar digirin na na Injiniya suma sun yaye masana kamar su Sundar Pichai, Shugaban Kamfanin Microsoft na yanzu, da kuma Satya Nadella, Shugaban Kamfanin na Microsoft a yanzu. Girman Silicon Valley ya kasance wani ɓangare saboda waɗannan ayyukan karimci da kyautatawa waɗanda malamai masu ilimi a wasu ƙasashe suka yi. Waɗannan malaman ba kawai suka yi wa ƙasashensu aiki ba har ma suka ci gaba da ba da gudummawarsu da kasuwancinsu a nan Amurka. Nasara ce ta nasara ga duka ɓangarorin biyu, kuma tana wakiltar mafi kyawun Amurka.
Yanzu ga wanda ba shi da kyau: Yayin da wasu daga cikin daliban da suka kammala karatunsu suka zo aiki a Amurka, wasu kuma suka tafi aiki a kasashe daban-daban na tattalin arziki kamar Iraki, Iran, Syria, Indonesia, da sauran kasashe. Abokan aikina da suka kammala karatunsu wadanda suka je wadancan kasashe, wadanda kuma na kasance tare da su, sun ga wani bangare daban na manufofin Amurka. Wadanda suka taimaka wajen gina kayayyakin more rayuwa a Iraki da Siriya, alal misali, sun gan ta da ayyukan Amurka. Cibiyoyin sarrafa ruwa, shuke-shuke, hanyoyin magudanan ruwa, manyan hanyoyi, asibitoci, makarantu da kwalejoji, waɗanda takwarorina da yawa suka taimaka wajen ginawa (aiki tare da injiniyoyin Iraki) sun zama kango. Da yawa daga cikin abokan aikina na likitancin sun ga rikicin bil'adama da ya yadu sakamakon takunkumin wanda ya haifar da karancin ruwa mai tsafta, wutar lantarki, maganin rigakafi, insulin, maganin hakori, da sauran hanyoyin tsira. Suna da kwarewar ganin yara suna mutuwa a hannayensu saboda rashin magunguna don yaƙi da kwalara, typhus, kyanda, da sauran cututtuka. Wadannan abokan karatun guda ɗaya sun kasance masu shaida ga miliyoyin mutane da ke shan wahala ba tare da dalili ba sakamakon takunkuminmu. Bai kasance nasara ba ga kowane ɓangaren, kuma baya wakiltar mafi kyawun Amurka.
Me muke gani kewaye da mu a yau? Amurka na da takunkumi kan kasashe 30, kusan kashi daya bisa uku na yawan mutanen duniya. Lokacin da cutar ta fara a farkon shekarar 2020, Gwamnatinmu ta yi kokarin hana Iran sayan abin rufe fuska daga kasashen ketare, da kuma kayan aikin daukar hoto mai zafi wanda zai iya gano kwayar cutar a cikin huhu. Mun veto bashin dala biliyan 5 na gaggawa da Iran ta nema daga IMF don siyan kayan aiki da allurai daga kasuwar kasashen waje. Venezuela tana da wani shiri wanda ake kira CLAP, wanda shine tsarin rarraba abinci na gida ga iyalai miliyan shida duk bayan sati biyu ko makamancin haka, suna samar da kayan masarufi kamar abinci, magani, alkama, shinkafa, da sauran kayan abinci. (Asar Amirka na) o) arin ƙoƙarin kawo cikas ga wannan muhimmin shirin a matsayin wata hanya ta cutar da gwamnatin Nicolas Maduro. Tare da kowane iyali suna karɓar waɗannan fakiti a ƙarƙashin CLAP suna da membobi huɗu, wannan shirin yana tallafawa kusan iyalai miliyan 24, daga cikin yawan mutane miliyan 28 a Venezuela. Amma takunkuminmu na iya sanya wannan shirin ba zai yuwu a ci gaba ba. Shin wannan Amurka ce mafi kyau? Takunkumin Kaisar da aka sanyawa Siriya yana haifar da mummunan rikicin jin kai a wannan ƙasar. 80% na yawan jama'a yanzu sun faɗi ƙasa da layin talauci sakamakon Takunkumin. Daga hangen nesa da manufofin kasashen waje takunkumi ya zama wani muhimmin bangare na kayan aikinmu, ba tare da la'akari da rikicin jin kai da yake haifarwa ba. James Jeffreys, babban jami'in diflomasiyyar mu a can tsawon shekaru, ya ce dalilin sanya takunkumin shi ne mayar da Syria ta zama wani tarko ga Rasha da Iran. Amma babu wata masaniya game da matsalar jin kai da ta haifar ga talakawan Siriya. Mun mamaye filayen mai na Siriya don hana kasar samun wadatattun kudade don dawo da ita, kuma mun mamaye kasarta mai ni'imtaccen gona don hana su samun abinci. Shin wannan Amurka ce mafi kyau?
Bari mu juya zuwa Rasha. A ranar 15 ga Afrilu Amurka ta sanar da sanya takunkumi kan Gwamnatin Rasha bashin don abin da ake kira tsoma baki a zabukan 2020 da kuma kai hare-hare ta yanar gizo. Sakamakon wannan takunkumin, a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, Babban Bankin Rasha ya sanar da cewa kudaden ruwa za su karu daga 4.5% zuwa 5%. Wannan yana wasa da wuta. Yayinda bashin Rashanci yakai Dala biliyan 260 kawai, yi tunanin idan aka juya halin. Amurka tana da bashin ƙasa kusan $ Tiriliyan 26, wanda sama da 30% ke hannun ƙasashen waje. Me zai faru idan China, Japan, India, Brazil, Russia, da sauran ƙasashe suka ƙi sabunta bashin su ko suka yanke shawarar siyarwa? Za a iya samun hauhawa mai yawa a cikin ƙimar fa'ida, fatarar kuɗi, rashin aikin yi, da raunin dalar Amurka. Tattalin arzikin Amurka na iya yin kama da tattalin arzikin matakin ɓacin rai idan duk ƙasashe suka fice. Idan ba mu son wannan don kanmu, me yasa muke son hakan ga sauran kasashe? Amurka ta sanya takunkumi a kan Rasha saboda dalilai da yawa, kuma da yawa daga cikinsu sun samo asali ne daga rikicin Yukren a cikin 2014. Tattalin Arzikin Rasha ya kusan kusan 8% na tattalin arzikin Amurka, a dala Tiriliyan 1.7 idan aka kwatanta da tattalin arzikinmu na $ 21 Trillion, kuma duk da haka muna son cutar da su. Rasha tana da manyan hanyoyin samun kudin shiga guda uku, kuma muna da takunkumi a kan dukkan su: bangaren mai da iskar gas, masana'antar fitar da makamai, da kuma bangaren hada hadar kudi da ke ci gaba da tattalin arzikin. Damar da matasa ke da ita na fara kasuwanci, rancen kudi, daukar kasada, yana da nasaba da bangaren kudaden su kuma a yanzu ma hakan na cikin matsi matuka saboda takunkumi. Shin wannan shine ainihin abin da jama'ar Amurka suke so?
Akwai wasu 'yan dalilai na asali da yasa dukkan manufofinmu na takunkumi suke bukatar a sake duba su. Waɗannan su ne: 1) Takunkumi sun zama wata hanya ta samun 'manufofin ƙasashen waje akan arha' ba tare da sakamakon cikin gida ba, kuma sun ba da izinin wannan 'aikin yaƙi' don maye gurbin diflomasiyya, 2) Za a iya cewa takunkumin har ma ya fi MUNYA fiye da yaƙi, domin a a kalla a yakin akwai wasu ladabi ko yarjejeniyoyi kan cutar da fararen hula. A karkashin tsarin takunkumi, ana cutar da fararen hula a koda yaushe, kuma a zahiri ana auna wasu matakan ne kai tsaye kan fararen hula, 3) Takunkumin wata hanya ce ta durkusar da kasashen dake kalubalantar karfin mu, mulkin mu, ra'ayin mu na duniya, 4) Tun Takunkumi ba shi da wani lokaci, waɗannan 'ayyukan yaƙi' na iya ci gaba na dogon lokaci ba tare da ƙalubalanci ga Gwamnati ko Majalisa ba. Sun zama wani ɓangare na Yaƙe-yaƙe na Har Abada. 5) Jama'ar Amurka suna faɗuwa game da Takunkumi a kowane lokaci, saboda an shirya su a ƙarƙashin inuwar haƙƙin ɗan adam, suna wakiltar fifikon ɗabi'unmu akan wasu. Jama'a ba su fahimci ainihin cutarwar da Takunkuminmu ke yi ba, kuma irin wannan tattaunawar gaba ɗaya an kiyaye ta daga kafofin watsa labarai na yau da kullun. 6) Sakamakon takunkumi, muna fuskantar kasadar nisantar da matasa a kasashen da abin ya shafa, saboda rayukansu da makomarsu ta tabarbare sakamakon takunkumin. Waɗannan mutane na iya zama abokan tarayya tare da mu don mafi zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a nan gaba, kuma ba za mu iya rasa rasa abokantakarsu, goyon bayansu, da girmamawarsu ba.
Don haka zan nuna cewa lokaci ya yi da za a tantance manufofinmu na takunkumi ta Majalisar Wakilai da Gwamnati, don a sami karin tattaunawa game da su, kuma mu koma ga diflomasiyya maimakon ci gaba da wadannan 'Har abada Yaƙe-yaƙe' ta hanyar takunkumi waxanda kawai salo ne na yaqin tattalin arziki. Har ila yau, ina yin la’akari da yadda muka fara daga gina makarantu da jami’o’i a kasashen waje, muna tura samarinmu maza da mata a matsayin membobin kungiyar wanzar da zaman lafiya, zuwa halin yanzu na sansanonin soja 800 a cikin kasashe 70 da kuma sanya takunkumi a kan kusan kashi daya bisa uku na yawan mutanen duniya. . Takunkumin baya wakiltar mafi kyawu da jama'ar Amurka zasu bayar, kuma basa wakiltar karimci da tausayin jama'ar Amurka. Saboda wadannan dalilan, tsarin sanya takunkumi yana bukatar kawo karshen kuma lokacin shi yanzu.
Krishen Mehta memba ne na Hukumar ACURA (Kwamitin Amurka na Yarjejeniyar Amurka ta Rasha). Ya kasance tsohon abokin tarayya a PwC kuma a halin yanzu shi Babban Jami'in Adalci ne na Duniya a Jami'ar Yale.
